Bass, Shreya 1 Entry #: 35114

The Legacy of Edward V. Roberts: Father of Independent Living

Lisa Bass, Shreya Sahoo Senior Division Group Website

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Works Cited

Primary Sources

"25,000...but Just One like Ed." n.d.: n. pag. Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

Metropolitan Transportation Commission, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

This newspaper article showed the public's reaction to Roberts going to UC Berkeley,

and showed us how his acceptance to the University of California at Berkeley led to

hundreds of other people with disabilities to do the same.

Bedridden Roberts with family. Digital image. Metropolitan Transportation Commission.

Metropolitan Transportation Commission, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

This was an image of Roberts when he was paralyzed with polio in 1953.

Bess, Williamson. Cover of The Independent showing Berkeley's “Wheelchair Route” designers.

Digital image. Boom: A Journal of California. University of California Regents, Spring

2012. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.

This was a cover of a newspaper article describing the routes that people who used

wheelchairs took, as a precursor to the curb cuts.

Bess, Williamson. Curb cut diagrams by Yoshiaki Imafuku, in Going Where You Wheel on

Telegraph Avenue. Digital image. Boom: A Journal of California. University of California

Regents, Spring 2012. Web. 28 Jan. 2015.

This was an image of curb cut designs from 1974.

Brown, Steven. E­mail interview. 9 Feb. 2015.

Steve Brown enriched our knowledge on the impact Ed Roberts made on not only society,

but individuals. He counted various stories of Roberts’ personal effects and impacts on

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himself and others that he knew.

Ed Saw Advocacy as an Important Part of His Role as Director of Rehab. 1977. San Francisco.

Metropolitan Transportation Center. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

This photo of Roberts' protesting shows his dedication and impactfulness in Section 504.

“Rolling Quads”. N.d. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

This was a photo of Roberts and another fellow student with disabilities enjoying a sports

game.

"Helpless Cripple Attends Classes Here in Wheelchair." Berkeley Gazette 1963: n. pag. Print.

This headline from the Berkeley Gazette helped us see the way people with severe

disabilities like Roberts were perceived, and demonstrated the uproar that it caused.

Moyer, Jeff. E­mail interview. 9 Feb. 2015.

Jeff Moyer is a disability activist and he had met Roberts during the independent and

disability rights movement. He explained the impact that Roberts had during his time, as

well as his long term legacy. He also went in detail about how Roberts’ leadership paved it

"Parallels In Time ­ VI. The Independent Living Movement." Parallels In Time ­ VI. The

Independent Living Movement. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

This was Ed Robert’s autobiography as told to Joan Oda. From this, we learned about all

of Roberts’ achievements, and his personal beliefs and encounters.

Ralph, Craib. "Emotional Plea for Handicapped." 1977.: n. pag. Print.

This newspaper article about Section 504 showed us how impactful Roberts' and his

protesters were; they took their demonstrations all the way to court.

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Roberts, Ed. "People in Motion, Ready to Live." Interview. Minnesota Council on

Developmental Disabilities. The Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities,

n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

This video gave us insight on what Ed Roberts and other people with severe disabilities

have to go through daily, and well as allowed us gave us more information on DSP, CIL,

and WID.

Roberts, Ed " 60 Minutes Segment." Interview. Minnesota Council on Developmental

Disabilities. The Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities, 1985. Web. 25

Jan. 2015.

This source is an interview with Ed Roberts on 60 Minutes. It depicts the emotional and

physical struggles he faced throughout his life because, how he overcame them, and the

impact of CIL and WID. Roberts also discusses the importance of independent living.

Roberts, Mark. Telephone interview. 10 Feb. 2015.

Mark Roberts, Ed Roberts’ younger brother, told us various anecdotes about Ed relating

to the impact he made and the struggles that Ed had to overcome. He also described how

Roberts’ legacy is still here, as well as how Roberts was inspired in the first place.

Roberts with Iron Lung. Digital image. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Metropolitan

Transportation Commission, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

This is a photo of Roberts’ with his 800 pound iron lung.

Roberts, Zona. "Ed Roberts." Telephone interview. 17 Jan. 2015.

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Ms. Roberts enlightened us on Ed Roberts' early life and his emotional and physical

struggles with his disability. She also told us about his characteristics that shaped him

into a leader of the disability rights movement. Ms. Roberts also put us in contact with

her son, Mark Roberts, Ed Roberts’ brother and sent us a children’s book by Diana

Carson helped us see the “big picture.”

"Sections." Highlights from Speeches by Ed Roberts World Institute on Disability. Web. 25 Jan.

2015.

This was a list of famous quotes from Ed Roberts’ speeches that helped us gain

knowledge about his personality and beliefs.

Stein, Ken. Doug Brown and Gene Turitz Carry CIL’s Banner. N.d. Berkeley.Metropolitan

Transportation Commission. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, 25 Mar. 2011.

Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

This was a photo of supporters carrying a CIL banner.

The Two Sides of Ed This Love of Life: Here with His Son Lee. N.d. Metropolitan Transportation

Commission. Metropolitan Transportation Commission, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 28 Nov.

2014.

This was a photo of Roberts and his son.

The WID Family. N.d. Metropolitan Transportation Commission. Metropolitan Transportation

Commission, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.

This was a photo of Roberts and his team at WID, an organization he co­founded.

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Williams, Arleigh. "Dean of Students Arleigh Williams : The Free Speech Movement and the

Six Years War, 1964­1970 : Oral History Transcript / 1988­89." Interview by Germaine

LaBerge. Bancroft Library. The Regents of the University of California, 1989. Web. 10 Feb.

2015.

This interview gave us a sense of what education was like for disabled people, and the

huge impact Roberts had on this. Arleigh Williams also explained the challenges Roberts

had to overcome in order to attend the University of California at Berkeley.

Wright, Lucy, and Amy M. Hamburger. Education and Occupations of Cripples, Juvenile and

Adult: A Survey of All the Cripples of Cleveland, Ohio, in 1916. New York: Red Cross Institute

for Crippled and Disabled Men, 1918. Print.

This book described the conditions of disabled children and adults in Cleveland, and its

images especially demonstrated the “ugly laws” and “institutionalisation” that people

were disabilities were restricted by.

Secondary Sources

"About ­ Ed Roberts Campus." Ed Roberts Campus. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.

This source, the Ed Roberts campus, shows his legacy and how even after he has passed

this organization is helping the organizations that Rober’s helped in his fight for

disability rights.

"A Brief History of the Disability Rights Movement." Anti­Defamation League.

Anti­Defamation League, n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2015.

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This article gave us more insight on the social perceptions for people with disabilities and

how initial advancements did occur post World War I; however little effect happened

until the civil rights movements of the sixties.

ADA Motto. Digital image. Eighth Judicial Circuit of Florida. Eighth Judicial Circuit of Florida,

n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

This is an image representing what the ADA stood for.

Adams, Maurianne, Lee Anne Bell, and Pat Griffin. Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice.

New York: Routledge, 2007. Print.

This book enriched our knowledge on the social perceptions throughout history regarding people

with disabilities.

Bess, Williamson.Raised curb cuts at Telegraph and Dwight avenues, 2011. Digital image.

Boom: A Journal of California. University of California Regents, Spring 2012. Web. 28

Jan. 2015.

This image depicted current curb cuts.

"CIL, Inc. ­ History." CIL, Inc. ­ History. Web. 03 Nov. 2014.

We found from this source that Ed Roberts was the first director of CIL and with his

guidance CIL was able to make so many changes for the disabled.

Connally, Patrick Wm. Ed Roberts Portraits. N.d. The Minnesota Council on Developmental

Disabilities. The Minnesota Governor's Council on Developmental Disabilities. Web. 25 Jan.

2015.

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These paintings portray Roberts in various scenarios and depicted his personality and

ideologies perfectly.

Ed Robert's Day. Digital image. California State Senate. California State Senate, n.d. Web. 20

Jan. 2015.

This is a photo celebrating Ed Roberts’ Day and demonstrates Roberts’ lasting legacy.

Ed Robert's Day. Digital image. YO! Youth Organizing – Disabled & Proud. California

Foundation for Independent Living Centers, n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2015.

This is another image celebrating Ed Roberts’ Day.

Fleischer, Doris Zames., and Frieda Zames. The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to

Confrontation. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2001. Print.

This book helped us see the impact of Roberts’ work with independent living centers, and

the path of the disability rights movement in general.

Gill, Carol J. "A Brief History: Attitudes and Treatment of People with Disabilities."

Independent Living Articles. June Isaacson Kailes, Disability Policy Consultant, 1999. Web. 25

Jan. 2015.

This article helped us gain insight on the social perceptions of people with disabilities

throughout history.

"History of the Disabled Students' Program and Residence Program."History. Web. 26 Jan. 2015.

This article gave us a history of the DSP and Roberts’ role in its formation, as well as

DSP’s current information which gave us insight into Roberts’ legacy.

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Leon, Joan. "Ed Roberts, His Life and His Legacy." World Institute on Disability. World

Institute on Disability, n.d. Web. 5 Oct. 2014.

In this article, Joan Leon, co­founder of the World Institute of Disability, explains

Roberts’ struggles, leadership, and legacy. The article gave us knowledge of Roberts’

biggest achievements.

Longmore, Paul K., Julia Sain, Gina McDonald, and Mike Oxford. "History and Philosophy of

Independent Living." State Independent Living Council. State of Oregon, 12 Apr. 2004. Web. 1

Feb. 2015.

This article explained Roberts entire leadership achievements and included interesting

quotes that truly captured Roberts legacy, including one from Tom Harkin, a previous

senator.

"Past and Present Perceptions Towards Disability: A Historical Perspective." Disability Studies

Quarterly. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

This article gave us insight into the preconceived notions toward those with disabilities

throughout history. It helped us better understand Roberts’ and the disability rights

movement’s huge impact.

Shapiro, Joseph P. No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement.

New York: Times, 1993. Print.

Shapiro’s book elucidated the perceptions about disabled people clealrly, and made note of

how Ed Roberts specifically changed that.

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Shapiro, Joseph P. "The New Civil Rights." CODI: Cornucopia of Disability Information. Texas

A&M University, n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2015.

Shapiro’s article explained the significance of Roberts work as well as how Roberts was

inspired by other movements such as the women's right movement.

Shields, Kevin. "Ed Roberts." E­mail interview. 22 Jan. 2015.

Mr. Shield, the coordinator at the DSRP at UC Berkeley explained Roberts' struggles to

become a student at UC Berkeley as well as his impact. He also explained the impact of

the DSP and CIL and Roberts' legacy. Mr. Shield also sent us old newspaper articles

about Roberts’ which were very helpful to visually describe Roberts’ leadership and

impact.

Schweik, Susan. "Ed Roberts." E­mail interview. 11 Jan. 2015.

In our email interview with Ms. Schweik, she explained the preconceived notions about

people with disabilities before and after the disability rights movement, Ed Roberts'

contributions and his lasting legacy. She also put us in contact with Zona Roberts, Ed

Roberts’ mother, which was very helpful.

Thompson, Dan. "Ugly Laws The History of Disability Regulation in North America." A.M.

Best. Best Company, Inc, Spring 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2015.

We learned about what ugly laws were from this article as well as its prevalence in the

United States prior to the disability rights movement.

"What Was Ed Roberts Doing to Get the ADA Passed?" Interview by Charlie Carr. It's Our

Story. It's Our Story, 20 June 2010. Web. 1 Feb. 2015.

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This interview with a disability rights activist explained how Ed Roberts paved the way

for the ADA to be passed as well as his international leadership through the ADA.