workplace bullying time to grab the problem by the … · workplace bullying affects productivity...
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WORKPLACE BULLY ING
T IME TO GRAB THE PROBLEMBY THE HORNS
Dr.GeorgeVergolias,R3Continuumand
OscarVillanueva,TALGlobal
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AGENDA• Definition• Thenumbers• Examples• WhypayattentiontoWorkplaceBullying?• Regulatoryenvironment• PsychologyofWorkplaceBullying• HowdowedealwithWorkplaceBullying• Howshould wedealwithWorkplaceBullying• CyberBullying• Casestudies 2
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – DEF IN I T ION
• WorkplaceBullyingisrepeated,health-harmingmistreatment ofoneormorepersons(thetargets)byoneormoreperpetrators.Itis abusiveconduct thatis:
• Threatening,humiliating,orintimidating,or• Workinterference— sabotage— whichpreventsworkfromgettingdone,or
• Verbalabuse
3Source:http://www.workplacebullying.org/individuals/problem/definition/
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – LEGAL P I C TURE
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• Federal:Bullyingintheworkplaceisn’tillegal,unlessit’sbullyingbecauseofsomeprotectedcharacteristic(sex,race,etc.)
• Existing:California,Utah,Tennessee,Minnesota (firstlegislativeattempt:2003)
• CurrentHWBBills:WA,OR,WV,MA,RI
• 32StateLegislators+2TerritoriesIntroducedtheHealthyWorkplaceBill(HWB)
• International:UK,Ireland,Sweden,Spain,CanadaandAustraliahaveworkplacebullyinglegislation
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REGULATORY ENV IRONMENT-CONCLUS IONS
• FormallegislationandregulationisscantdespiterobustlobbyingbygroupssuchastheWorkplaceBullyingInstitute(WBI), andsomeactivitywithinprivateandgovernmentoutfits
• Todate,onlyCalifornia,Utah,TennesseeandMinnesotahavepassedspecificworkplacebullyinglegislation
• UtahandCaliforniaarealoneinmandatingcompaniestoprovideanti-bullyingtraining
• Californiamandatingtherequirementforcompaniesemployingmorethan50workers
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – THE NUMBERS ( 2017 )
• 19%ofAmericansworkers(30million)sufferedworkplacebullying
• Another19%witnessedworkplacebullying
• 70%ofthebulliesaremen
• 30%ofthebulliesarewomen
• 61%ofthebulliesarebosses
• 33%ofthebulliesareco-workers
• 6%ofthebulliesabusesuperiors
6Source:http://www.workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/2017/Prevalence.pdf
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USPrevalence
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – THE NUMBERS ( CONT. )• 65%ofthetargetsofbullyingbymenarewomen
• 67%ofthetargetsofbullyingbywomenarewomen
• 25%ofthosebulliedareHispanic,21%areAfricanAmerican,19%arewhite,and7%areAsian
7Source:http://www.workplacebullying.org/multi/pdf/2017/Prevalence.pdf
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NumberofUSWorkersAffectedbyBullying
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EXAMPLES OF WORKPLACE BULLY ING
• Shoutingoryellingat,berating,ridiculing,ordemeaningothers
• Name-callingandattacksonone’scharacter• Mocking,punishing,orputtingsomeonedowninfrontofothers
• Underminingorsabotagingtheworkperformanceofothers
• Spreadingfalseorsensitiveinformationaboutanother
Source:ColoradoStateUniversityWorkplaceBullyingPolicyhttp://policylibrary.colostate.edu/policyprint.aspx?id=729
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EXAMPLES OF WORKPLACE BULLY ING ( CONT. )
• Deliberatelyexcluding,isolatingormarginalizingapersonfromnormalworkplaceactivities
• Intrudingonaperson’sspacebytamperingwiththeirpersonaleffectsorworkequipment
• Punishmentsornegativeconsequencesdesignedprimarilytoshame,exclude,and/ordrawnegativeattentionfromothers
• Abusinghighlevelpositiontobelittleanddenigratesubordinates
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WORKP LAC E BU L LY ING UNCHECK ED
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8/24/129:03am- EmpireStateBuilding
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WORKP LAC E BU L LY ING UNCHECK ED
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FactPattern• Bothhiredaround2005atHazan Imports,immediateconflict• Historyofbumping,pushing,shovingeachother.• JohnsonjealousofErcolino,tauntedhimverballyandphysically• 4/11ElevatorincidentJohnsonbumpedErcolinoà grabbedthroat,
“Ifyoueverdoanythinglikethisagain,I’mgoingtokillyou.”• Bothfiledharassmentcomplaintsagainsttheother• Ercolino,amuchbiggerman,“Mayhavedominatedtherelationship.”• JohnsondownsizedSummer2011à 1 yearlater,financialstrain,eviction• 8/24/12shooting– 5xhead,1xchest• Co-workerIreneTiman “Iknewit,Ijustknewit
wasgoingtohappen,thatJeffwouldshoothim.”
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12http://www.safeathopkins.org
ContinuumofDisruptiveBehaviorsatWork(JohnsHopkins)
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WHY PAY AT TENT ION TO WORKPLACE BULLY ING?
• Bothemployeesandemployerstendtoavoidandignoreworkplacebullying
• Bothemployeesandcompaniesarevictimsofworkplacebullying
• Theharmfulconsequencesofthispracticearewaytoosignificanttojustifyignoringordismissing
• Workplacebullyingerodesmanyofthefoundationsnecessaryfortheexistenceofaproductiveworkenvironment
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WHY PAY AT TENT ION TO WORKPLACE BULLY ING? ( CONT. )• Itconstitutesadirectemotionalattackonanindividual• Itconstitutesahumiliatinginfringementoncivilrightsthatfracturesmoraleandtrust,stiflesinitiative,andcausesguiltandnegativefeelings
• Itcontributestodepression,anxiety,sleepdisturbances,digestivedisordersanddisorientationandleadsdirectlytodysfunction,absenteeism,marginalproductionand,ultimately,resignations
• Itaffectsthebottomlineinsignificantandoftenignoredorunnoticedways
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING AFFECTS PRODUCT IV I TY• 20%ofrecentsurveyrespondersreportedthatworkplacebullyingcostthemupwardsofsevenhoursaweek(inproductivity)
• $8,800.Thisistheamountofannuallostwagesthatworkplacebullyingcostsatargetonaverage
• Everytargetofabullymayloseupto200hoursofproductivityannually.
• Ifthattargetedemployeetakessickorvacationtime,itmaybeatotalof400hoursoflostproductiontotheemployer
15Source:http://brandongaille.com/24-important-statistics-of-bullying-in-the-workplace
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PSYCHOLOGY OF WORKPLACE BULLY ING -WHY BULL I ES BULLY?
Allofusstartwithbasichumanneedsforconnectedness&validation
Peopleinallwalksoflifewanttofeel:
Successful Accepted
Significant FairlyTreated
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UnderlyingSenseof:
� Rejection
� Failure
� Discomfort/Inconvenience
Ego-Related:
� Correlationwithlowself-esteem
� Needtofeelsuperiortoothers:� Emotionalhomeostasis� Perceivedcontrol
Bulliesdemonstrateastrongneedtoexertpowerandcontrolthroughintimidationandcoercion,andusethoseastheirprimarymeanstocope
withconflict.
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CORE TYPES OF WORKPLACE BUL L I ES
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EmotionalAbuser-(Barker/Screamer)
Overtly usesintimidation,belittling,andembarrassmenttoputdownthevictimandelevatetheirownstatus.
PhysicalAbuser-(Biter)
Engagesinphysical,sexual,and/orracialabuse. Highlyproblematicbehaviorthatwillleadtolegalproblemsifnotresolved.
PowerHoarder-(Ignorer)
Exertsasenseofpower overvictimbyignoringthem,andnotgivingthemtime,attention,orsupportofanykind.
Passive-AggressivePredator(Weasel)
Usesnon-direct,insidiousapproach toundermine,defame,anddamagethevictim- oftenwhileassumingasupportive,likable,orneutralstance.
Cyberbully-(MissileThrower)
Usesinsults,intimidation,andthreatsfromadistanceasameanstoinfluence,coerce,orcontrolothers.
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PSYCHOLOGY OF BUL LY ING – IMPACT ON THE V I CT IM
• Emotional&Cognitivereactions
• Depression,anxiety,shock,anger,frustration
• Senseofhelplessnessand/orvulnerability
• Reducedself-esteemandsenseofcompetency
• Inabilitytoconcentrate19
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IMPACT ON THE V I CT IM ( CONT. )• Physical(“vegetative”)symptomssuchas:
• Poorsleep,increasedordecreasedappetite,
• Psychosomaticsymptoms- Stomachpains,headaches,panicreactions
• Socialreactions
• Familytensionandstress
• Decreasedsocializationatworkandcommunity
• Lowmoraleandproductivity20
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L IAB I L I TY CONS IDERAT IONS
PrivacyDefamation
WrongfulTermination
Discrimination
ADA
DuediligenceDutytoprotect
Negligence
Balancemustbeachievedinserviceofprotectingvictimsandmeetinglegalandethicalrequirementsof
handlingthebullyfairly.
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HOWDO WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BULLY ING?
• Inthecurrentclimate,bothemployersandemployeesoftenchoosetoavoiddealingwithworkplacebullying
• Thisisobviouslyaninadequateresponse– virtuallyguaranteeingthemaintenanceofthestatusquo,alongwithitsseverecostsforbothemployeesandemployers
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• Callaprofessional
• ConductaWorkplaceBullyingAudit
• Makeaplan
• Implementtheplan
• Monitortheimplementation
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• CallaProfessional– Professionalassistanceisoftennecessarytoidentifyworkplacebullyingissuesandfindawaytomitigatethemthroughindustrybestpracticesandguidelines.
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING? ( CONT. )
• ConductaWorkplaceBullyingAudit– Unlessyouknowthescopeanddimensionsoftheproblem,thereislittlechanceyou’llbeabletodealwiththeproblemitself,asopposedtodealingwithafewsymptomsbymakingbulliesgo“underground”.
• Theauditshouldusespecializedsurveyingtoolsdesignedtogetbeyondpeople’snaturalreluctancetodiscussanddiscloseworkplacebullyingincidents.Theendproductoftheauditprocessisapictureoftheworkplacebullyinglandscapeoftheorganization,downtothebullies’andvictims’names
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• MakeaPlan– Onceyouhaveagraspofthechallenges,significantactorsandtheorganizationalcultureassociatedwiththesituation,youcanstartdevelopingamitigationplan
• ForExample:EmployeesandManagers canbeofferedspecializedtraininginwaystodetect,deter,mitigateandresolvebullyingsituationbefore theybecomeamajorcrisis.
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• MakeaPlan– (Cont.)
• Theplanshouldtakeintoaccountseveralfactors:
• Bothbulliesandvictimsmustbepartoftheprocess
• Bulliessometimesfailtorespondtomitigationeffortsandmayneedtobefiredtosalvagetheorganization’sculture
• Asystemofrewardsandsanctionsmustbeconstructedthatwillreplacethefeedbackbullieshavereceivedsofarthatfedtheirbehavior
• Allparticipantswillhavetomeetclearperformancestandardsandroadmarks 27
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• ImplementthePlan- Executeavisible“ZeroTolerance”policy
• Encouragea“SeeSomething,SaySomething”attitude
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HOWSHOULD WE DEAL W ITH WORKPLACE BUL LY ING?
• MonitortheImplementation– Createametricmonitoringtoolandapplyitperiodically.
• Usetheconclusionstoapplycorrectivemeasures(e.g.,refresherworkshopsforemployeesand/ormanagement)
• Applynewtools/technologies/methodsasneeded
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CYBER BULLY ING – A SPEC IA L FORMOF WORKPLACE BUL LY ING• Definition:“theactofharassingsomeoneonlinebysendingorpostingmeanmessages,usuallyanonymously”
• Cyberbullyingcantakeplaceatalllevelsofanorganization:employeescancyberbullytheircolleagues,superiors,subordinatesandpeopleallaroundtheorganization.
30Source:http://www.dictionary.com/browse/cyberbullying
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CYBER BULLY ING ( CONT. )
• CyberBullyingsignifyamergingofoldhabits– bullying–withnewtechnology– cyber.
• Thisconjunctionmightobscuresomeofthedutiesandobligationsthatemployersshouldbeawareof,including:
• ObligationtoMaintainanon-discriminatoryandsafeworkplace
• LegalObligations
• Ethical&MoralObligations
• BalancingObligations:FreeSpeechvs.Privacy31
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CYBER BULLY ING ( CONT. )
Cyberbullyingcantakemanyforms,including:
• Emailsincludingoffensivecontent
• Emailsincludingexplicitorimplicitthreats
• Offensiveand/orthreateningposts,tweetsandotherformsofdisplayand sharingonsocialmediaplatforms
• Orchestratedcampaignsofrumors,innuendoandgossipusingmultiplechatforms,discussiongroups,messageandbulletinboardsandotherdigitalnetworkingandcommunicationsapplications
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CYBER BULLY ING - CHECKL I ST
Thelistbelowwillhelpemployers,employeesandinvestigatorsascertainwhethertheyarefacingacyberbullyingsituation:
• Hasthevictimreceivedmean,hateful,threatingtextmessages,IMs,emails,Facebookmessagesandanyotherformofsocialmediacommunication?
• Hassomeonepostedmeanorhurtfulthingsaboutthemonline?Haveotherscommentedandpassedonthesethings?
• Hassomeoneforwardedtheirtexts,IMsoremailstoanotherpersonwithouttheirpermission?
33Source:http://nobullying.com/the-cyber-bullying-checklist/
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CYBER BULLY ING – CHECKL I ST ( CONT. )
Thelistbelowwillhelpemployers,employeesandinvestigatorsascertainwhethertheyarefacingacyberbullyingsituation:
• Hassomeoneusedtheirpicturesinahateful,derogatory,orsimplymeanmannerandposteditonlineforotherstosee?
• Hassomeonestolentheirpersonalaccountpasswordsandstartedsendingmessagesorpostingandsharingthingspretendingtobethevictim?
• HassomeonestartedanoffensiveblogorFacebookpageorbadTwitterHashtagtodemeanthevictim?
34Source:http://nobullying.com/the-cyber-bullying-checklist/
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – CASE STUDY 1• TheCircumstances– Newmanager(woman),unseatingapopularmanager,workers
maintainedloyaltytoformermanager
• TheBehavior– DisobeyingInstructions,MakingRudeandVindictiveComments,presentingmanagementwithfalseaccusationsandattemptingtogetmanagerfired
• ImpactonWorker– Humiliated,belittled,withdrawal,agitation,anxiety,depression,inabilitytocontinueworkingandrequiringpsychiatrichelp
• AppealstoHelp– Employeeappealedtodirectmanager;receivednoresponseandappealedtoseniormanager;seniormanagerinstructedjuniormanagertotakeactionbutwasignored
• ManagementResponse– Initiallyignored;initiatedcorrectiveactiononlyafteremployeequitworkandlodgedaformalcomplaint
• Consequences– Legalaction,employerheldnegligent(~$300,000judgement);employer’sappealrejected
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Note:ThisisacasestudyfromAustralia– sometimes,it’sconvenienttoobservethingsfromadistance.
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WORKPLACE BUL LY ING – CASE STUDY 2• TheCircumstances– Aseniorsupervisorwasaccusedbyanewworkerof“beingarrogant,
patronizinganddismissive”duringhistrainingsessions
• TheBehavior– Theemployeesawthesupervisor’shandgesturesas“dismissive”,histoneofvoiceas“patronizing”andhisresponsetoquestionsas“patronizing”
• ImpactonWorker– Employeereportedfeelinghumiliated,dismissedandbullied
• AppealstoHelp– Employeelodgedaformalcomplaintagainstthesupervisor;otheremployeessupportedtheclaimswiththeirownanecdotes
• ManagementResponse– Supervisorwasinstructedtoundergoacoachingprogramtoimprovehismanagementandcommunicationsstyle
• ManagementResponse- Amediationprocesswasinitiatedbetweenthesupervisorandhisemployees
• Consequences– Relationshipsimproved,complaintsceased36
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CYBER BULLY ING – CASE STUDY
Scene1• GeorgeandMaryandworkforcommunicationscompany• GeorgelikedMary;hesendsheranemailoncompanyemail,invitingherforacoffee.Sherespondswitha“no”.Isthiscyberbullying?
Scene2• GeorgecontinuestosendMaryemail– oneadayforaweek.Isthatcyberbullying?
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CYBER BULLY ING – CASE STUDY ( CONT. )
Scene3• MaryrespondstoGeorgepersistencebysendinghimanemailaday,tellinghimtostopharassingher.DoesMary'sresponseconstitutecyberbullying?
Scene4• GeorgecomplainsaboutMarytohissupervisor.Whatshouldthesupervisordo?
Scene5• MarystartsdatingGuy,anotheremployee.Georgeisangryandhumiliated.Hecreatesaphoto-shoppedphotoofMary’sheadontopofaporn-star’sbody.Isthiscyberbullying?revengeporn?both?
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CONCLUS IONS
• WorkplaceBullyingisheretostay&willnotgoawayunlessweact
• CyberBullyingwillbecomemajorlegalandemploymentchallenge
• DealingwithWorkplaceBullyingrequirescommitment,planning,execution,monitoring– expertise
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Questions?Comments?
ThankYou!
OscarVillanuevaChiefOperatingOfficerTALGlobalCorporation408-993-1300ovillanueva@talglobal.netwww.talglobal.com
GeorgeL.Vergolias,PsyD,LPVicePresident,MedicalDirectorR3Continuum919-927-0184george.vergolias@r3continuum.comwww.r3continuum.com
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