Working with Router

Chapter 7.

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CHAPTER OBJECTIVESAt the end of this Chapter you will be able to:Identify Console Ports, AUX Port, Hardware Interfaces Perform Basic configuration of a routerUnderstand IOS ConceptsUnderstand router configuration filesUse the CLI to Setup a Basic Router ConfigurationManage CISCO IOSManage IOS configuration filesUse basic IOS commands and various modes of routerUnderstand booting process of a routerPerform basic network configuration and host name resolutionIdentify, prescribe, and select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect routers to other network devices and hostsConnect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface

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Rear Panel of the Cisco Router

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Router Ports

Router ports help to configure the router, verify its configuration and access Cisco IOS

Router Ports

Console Port Auxiliary Port

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Console Cable

Router Ports

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Auxiliary Port on a Cisco RouterThe purpose of the auxiliary port is for connecting to an external modem. Once configured, this modem can be used as a backup demand-dial connection to another location, or as a way to dial in to the router for troubleshooting purposes

An Auxiliary Port powered by DJ 6

Router Components

Router components allow the router to enter the boot up process, load its operating system, and configuration files

Router Components

Processor ROM RAM Flash NVRAMConfiguration

Register

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Router Boot Sequence

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Router Modes

USER

Privileged

Password New Chapter

Password Enable

Config terminal

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1. User mode User can examine router status and operation. Configuration cannot be viewed or altered from user mode Prompt : router>

2.Privileged mode (“root”) Complete control over the router (anything can be set or reset) Configuration cannot be altered Prompt : router#

3.Configuration mode Used only for change of configuration. Not password protected from privileged mode. Privileged mode commands don’t have meaning in configuration mode.Most statements can be removed from the configuration with the prefix no (ex. no shutdown) Prompt : router(config)#

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Summary of Router Modes

Mode Name Description

Router> User Mode

Router# Privileged Mode

Router(config)# Global configuration mode

Router(config-if)# Interface mode

Router(config-subif)# Subinterface mode

Router(config-line)# Line mode

Router(config-router)# Router configuration mode

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Accessing Help and History

Command Description

? Help for all available commands in the mode

Command ? Describes all the first parameters of the command

com? Lists the commands that begin with com

command parm? Lists the characters that begin with parm

command parm<Tab> When the tab is pressed in between the word, the CLI completes the

word. If the CLI is idle, it indicates that the typed characters can form

more possible words

command parm1 ? Lists all the next parameters and their description12

Enhanced Editing Commands - I

The enhanced editing commands include:

Ctrl + A - Moves the cursor to the beginning of a

line

Ctrl+E - Moves the cursor to the end of the line

Esc+B - Move the cursor back by one word

Ctrl+B - Move the cursor back by one character

Ctrl+F - Move the cursor forward by one character

Esc+F - Move the cursor forward by one word

Ctrl+D - Deletes one character

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Enhanced Editing Commands - II

Backspace - Deletes one character

Ctrl+R - Recalls a line

Ctrl+U - Deletes a line

Ctrl+W - Deletes a word

Ctrl+Z - Returns to EXEC from the

configuration mode

Tab - Finishes typing a word

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Router History Commands

Command Description

Ctrl+P or Up

arrow

Displays the last command entered

Ctrl+N or Down

arrow

Displays the previously entered

commands

show history Displays the last 10 command

entered

show terminal Displays terminal configuration and

size of history buffer

terminal history

size

Allows to change the buffer sizepowered by DJ 15

Router Administrative Functions

Router administrative functions allow easy

troubleshooting and maintenance of routers

Router administrative function include:

Assigning hostname

Assigning banners

setting password

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Banners

Banner is a message displayed to all the users when

they access the router through Telnet, console and

auxiliary ports

It can be used to display information about the

router itself or nay kind of security message

Four types of banners available for the Cisco routers

are:

Message of the day banner

Exec process creation banner

Incoming terminal line banner

Login banner powered by DJ 17

Creating a Login Banner

“Login Banner” lets you set the message at the login prompt, you can personalize the message as required time to time.

Command Name Description

Router(config)#banner login # Authorized Personnel Only! Please enter your username and password. #

Router(config)#

# is known as a “delimiting character”. The delimiting character must surround the banner message and can be any character so long as it is not a character used within the body of the message.

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Creating a “Message-of-the-day” BannerMessage of the day (MOTD) is the most extensively used banner. It gives a message to every person dialing into or connecting to the router via Telnet or an auxiliary port, or even through a console port as seen here:

Command Name Description

Router(config)#banner motd # Building Power will be interrupted next Tuesday evening from 8-10 PM. #

Router(config)#

# is known as a “delimiting character”. The delimiting character must surround the banner message and can be any character so long as it is not a character used within the body of the message.

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Basic Router CommandsCommand Name Description

Router#? Lists all commands available in the current command mode

Router#c?

Clear block

Lists all the possible choices that start with the letter c

Router#cl

clear clock

Lists all the possible choices that start with letter cl

Router#clock

% Incomplete command

Tells you that more parameters need to be entered

Router#clock ?

Set

Shows all subcommands for this command (in this case, Set which sets the time and date)

Router#clock set 19:50:00 14 June 2008 ? Enterkey

Pressing the “Enter Key” confirms the time and date configured.

Router# No error message/Incomplete command message means the command was entered successfully.powered by DJ 20

Configuring Passwords

Command Name DescriptionRouter(config)#enable password cisco

Sets enable password

Router(config)#enable enable secret class

Sets enable secret password

Router(config)#line console 0 Enter console line modeRouter(config-line)#password console

Sets console line mode password to console

Router(config-line)#login Enable password checking at login

Router(config)#line vty 0 4 Enters vty mode for all five vty lines

Router(config-line)#password telnet

Sets vty password to telnet

Router(config-line)#login Enables password checking at login

Router(config)#line aux 0 Enters auxiliary line modeRouter(config-line)#password backdoor

Sets auxiliary password to backdoor

Route(config-line)#login Enables password checking at loginpowered by DJ 21

Password EncryptionCommand Name Description

Router(config)#service password-encryption

Applies a weak encryption to password

Router(config)#enable password CISCO

Sets password to CISCO

Router(config)#line console 0 Moves to console line mode

Router(config-line)#password Cisco Continue setting passwords as above………….

Router(config)#no service password-encryption

Turns off password encryption

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Connect, Configure, and Verify the Operational Status of a Device Interface

IntroductionInterface descriptions:•Serial Interface•Fast Ethernet InterfaceMoving between Interfaces:

Command Name Description

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0

Moves to serial interface configuration mode

Router(config-if)#exit Returns to global configuration mode

Router(config)# interface fastethernet 0/0

Moves to Fast Enternet interface configuration mode

Router(config-if)# In Fast Ethernet 0/0 configuration mode nowpowered by DJ 23

Configuring a Serial Interface

Command Name Description

Router(config)#inteface s0/0/0/0 Moves to serial interface 0/0/0/

Router(config-if)#description Link to ISP

Optional descriptor of the link is locally significant

Router(config-if)# ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0

Assigns address and subnet masks to interface

Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000

Assigns a clock rate for the interface

Router(config-if)#no shutdown Turns interface onpowered by DJ 24

Configuring a Fast EthernetCommand Name Description

Router(config)#inteface 0/0

Moves to Fast Ethernet 0/0 interface configuration mode

Router(config-if)#description ACCOUNTING LAN

Optional descriptor of the link is locally significant

Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

Assigns address and subnet masks to interface

Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Turns interface on

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Viewing, Saving, and Erasing Configurations

Saving Configurations

Command Name Description

Router#copy running-config startup-config

Saves the running configuration to a local NVRAM

Router#copy running-config tftp

Saves the running configuration remotely to a TFTP server

Erasing Configurations

Command Name Description

Router#erase startup-config Deletes the startup configuration file from NVRAM

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Show CommandsCommand Name DescriptionRouter#show ? Lists all show commands

available.Router#show version Displays information about the

current Cisco IOS SoftwareRotuer#show flash Displays information about flash

memoryRotuer#show history Lists all commands in the history

bufferRouter#show interface ? Displays statistics for all

interfaces.Router#show interface serial 0/0/0 Displays statistics for a specific

for a specific interface (in this case, serial 0/0/0/)

Router#show interface brief Displays a summary of al interface, including status and IP address assigned.

Router#show controllers serial 0/0/0

Displays statistics for interface hardware. Statistics display if the clock rate is set and if the cable is DCE, DTE, or not attached.

Router#show clock Displays time set on device.Router#show hosts Displays local host-to-IP address

cache. These are the names and addresses of hosts on the network to which you can connect.

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Conti..Router#show users Displays all users connected to

device.Router#show arp Displays the Address Resolution

Protocol(ARP) table.Router#show protocols Displays status of configured

Layer 3 protocols.Router#show startup-config Displays the configuration saved

in NVRAMRouter#show running-config Displays the configuration

currently running in RAM

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THANK YOU

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