working towards zero landfill-final

7/29/2019 Working Towards Zero Landfill-Final

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Centre for Fuel Studies and ResearchWorking Towards Zero Landfill

By Kirit N. Naik

Presentation at international summit onWaste to Energy, New Delhi

9th & 10th July 2012

July 2012


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meet the needs of the present

without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet theirown needs.

Sustainable Development- A Catchword


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There are a number of Hurdles-Let us Handle

them One at a Time


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Urban

Population

per

Capita

MSW

(MT/Day)

Total

Population

Urban

Pupulation

per

Capita

MSW

(MT/Day)

321,623,271 0.34 109,589 1,447,499,000 538,055,000 0.7 376,639

Current 2025

Problem Statement

Act now or the scenario will be much worse Later


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Solutions

Better Late than Never !!!!

while we rely on fossil fuels for the present

we need to find out ways and means to make best

use and reuse of resources consumedwaste to energy adoption on a countrywide scale

can make significant difference.


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Waste Management Best Practices- The Rs of

getting Value out of Waste

Reduce

The most uncontrollable phase in Solid

waste management is 'Waste generation'.


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Important Rs

Reduce

change in behavioural pattern and lifestyle

Using the least possible material and energy input Reuse

Avoid once through products, Donate What is

usable but you want to replace

Recycle Plastics, Paper, Metals, Glass

Recover Energy in form of Biogas, RDF, Syngas, Drop-in

Fuels7


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Waste Management Methods and Processes

Segregation at source- The best option for

Recycling

Treatment by different Processes for Energy and Material

recovery

organized unorganized sector system ofpastiwalasorganize it at a city scale where the householder, the pastiwalas

and the city get together and share the spoils

Kothari Waspap, has introduced 35 vans under the name

Wealth Out ofWaste (WOW) in Ahmedabad.

Composting- convert organic waste into useful manure byaerobic conversion

Energy Recovery by gasification, biogas production, drop in fuels

production and plastic-to-oil production


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Matter of Habit- Hum Nahi Sudhrenge

Here go drops of Oil


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Waste Recycling-Some Examples ITC- the volume of its paperboard recycling

business has now exceeded the volume of its wasteproduction, making the company a net wasteconsumer.

Coca-Cola Co. and its Mexican bottlers- PETrecycling facility has a capacity to reprocess 64million pounds per year, the equivalent of 1 billionbottles. Plan to double it.

GM- 100 landfill-free facility. In 2011 recycled orreused 2.6 million metric tons at its facilitiesworldwide.


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Waste to Energy- Some Indian Examples

(Though Sporadic)

Srinivasa Gayithri Resources Recovery Ltd-

Indias first integrated waste-to-energy power plant

of 8 Mw in Bangalore

A group of NRIs at Kochi- 160,000 tonnes of waste

per annum to generate net 8 MW of electricity

Solena-ABSi India- (SAIP) plasma gasification

bioenergy technology will produce up to 40MW of

renewable power in Delhi

Project at Hyderabad- (i) production of fuel pellets

from MSW; and, (ii) generation of 6.6 MW of power

from pellets


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Waste to Energy- Some Indian Examples(Though Sporadic)- Continued

Howrah Municipal Corporation- generate 7.5 MWpower from about 500 metric tonnes of garbage everyday, taken from Howrah dumping ground

Pune civic standing committee- to set up 11 bio-gasplants at various sites and 3 mechanical composting

plants M/s Shriram Energy Systems Ltd.- set-up a 6 MW

power generation project at Vijayawada based oncombustion of processed Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW)

Project at Lucknow- 300 tonnes per day of MunicipalSolid Waste of Lucknow city to obtain about 115tonnes per day of dry volatile solids for production ofabout 50,000 cubic meter biogas per day and about75 tonnes per day of organic fertilizer. biogas is to beused to generate 5MW of grid quality power


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Why Biogas

the easiest method of reducing the

anthropological green house gas emissions while

also making financial sense.

India's estimated anthropogenic methane

emissions ranked 2nd in the world.

greenhouse gas emission reductions in two ways:

direct methane emission reduction biogas to displace fossil fuels


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Biogas is not just a rural solution

even more biogas energy potential from food waste thanmanure. Hence the possibilities of biogas productionin urban areas too!

supermarkets, eating joints, hotels and restaurants

worthwhile considering organised collection of wasteand production of biogas in cities too.

Technology puts these facilities in a shipping container -a confined environment and not spoil the aestheticsof urban environment.


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Urban Biogas some success stories

Engineering Seva Trust- a residential hostel turns

human waste to biogas for use as cooking fuel. The

campus has sold 30,000 kilograms of fertiliser per annum.

Residents of a colony- in Secunderabad are turning their

kitchen waste into biogas using a 'modular digester'. Around 40to 50 kgs of kitchen refuse (vegetable/green leafy/fruit peelsand eggshells) can generate enough biogas to take care of thecooking needs of a family of three to four.Imagine the astounding effect on energy securityif all student hostels, hospitals, hotels andresidential complexes follow these examples!


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Waste to Energy Technologies-

Some Examples

Agilyx Corporation - all types of difficult to recyclewaste plastic to synthetic crude oil.

InEnTec- plasma gasification to break down organic

materials into syngas Qteros- solids from wastewater treatment to ethanol

biofuel Enerkem- industrial-scale biofuels project to use

110,000 tons of sorted municipal solid waste intoabout 9.5 million gallons of fuel-grade ethanol.

Harvey Buhr- 1,000 pounds of tires generate 51gallons of diesel fuel


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Waste to Energy Technologies(Continued)

Solena-ABSi India- plasma gasification bioenergy

technology (SAIP technology) to convert biomassfrom municipal, agricultural and other organic

wastes into renewable bio-synthetic gas,without incineration or combustion. British Airways in collaboration with Solena-500,000

tonnes of landfill waste including

household and industrial rubbish into 16million gallons of carbon-neutral aviation fuelevery year.


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Non-Recyclable Plastics

One of the waste products-Plastic Waste which if remainsunattended turns out to be an environmental scourge andpictures like these bear evidence to this fact:


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After food waste and paper waste, plastic waste is the majorconstitute of municipal and industrial waste in cities.

According to a 2003 Central Pollution ControlBoard study, of the over 10,000 metric tons ofplastic waste, including industrial and importedplastic waste, generated daily in our country,only 40 per cent is recycled. The rest just lieswaste, poisoning the environment.


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Non-Recyclable Plastics to Energy/PetroleumTechnologies

Palletizing polyolefins waste with other municipalsolid waste which can be burned in place of coal inexisting boilers and furnaces and in steel and cementindustries along with coal.

Pyrolysis of plastic waste to obtain pyrolysis oil whichcan be fractionated to get diesel, petrol and fuel oilequivalents and combustible gaseous products.

Catalysed depolymerisation of plastic wastes to obtainoil which can be fractionated to get diesel, petrol and

fuel oil equivalents and combustible gaseous products. Mixing plastic waste with bitumen for road

construction


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As per an estimate given below the demand forpolymers in India is likely to be > 8 million MTA in 2011.

Polymers (Kt) 2007 A 2008 A 2009 A 2010 E 2011 ECapacity 5498 5633 6753 8193 8333

Production 5127 5249 5584 7061 7926

Op Rate (%) 93% 93% 83% 86% 95%

Imports 1093 888 1748 1323 1397

Exports 694 483 593 953 1043

Net Trade -399 -405 -1155 -371 -354

Demand 5526 5673 6739 7432 8280

Demand Growth % 15% 2.7% 19% 10% 11%

Polyolefins PVC PS ABS SAN

5903 2118 250 143 95 8509

Source: Industry Estimates, A: Actual, E: Estimate

Table-1: Polymer Demand Supply ('000 MTA)


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Non-Recyclable Plastics to PetroleumTechnologies- Indian Experience

Harita NTI limited- Proof-of-concept unit processing 7tons of plastic waste to give 5.5 tons of clean, non-sulfurfuel oil per day.

ACC Kymore - use the plastic waste in cement plant.

Unique Plastic Waste Management (P) Ltd-demonstrative plant for conversion of waste plasticsinto liquid fuel oil.

Professor Alka Zadgaonkar in collaboration with

IOC- demonstration plant running a 5 MT plant andthe fuel is used for running captive power generators

BVG India Ltd- pure diesel and petrol from all typesof plastic wastes


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Better Late than Never !!!!-

Estimate of Potential for India waste to energy efforts of some Foreign

cities which may act as a searchlight for

India:

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City/County

population(million)

Power and HeatGeneration per

tonneRecycled (%) Composted (%) Combusted (%)

Berlin 3.4 50 10 40 0.39 MWh of

electricity plus

1.08 MWh of heat

Vienna 1.67 23 11 63 0.16 MWh of

electricity plus

1.73 MWh of heat

Munich 1.4 44 6 49 0.41 MWh of

electricity plus

2.57 MWh of

district heating

Greater

Copenhagen

0.9 62 4 25 0.49 MWh of

electricity plus

2.25 MWh of heat

Lee County,FL

0.6 46 3 51 0.56 MWh ofelectricity

Methods and Processes


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Even if we take the lowest of the energy generation from

among the above mentioned cities, the energy generation

from municipal solid waste could be:Name of City Waste

Quantity(TPD)

MWhr/Day MW

Ahmedabad 1302 560 23Chennai 3036 1305 54Kolkata 2653 1141 48

Delhi 5922 2546 106GreaterMumbai

5320 2288 95

India 110000 47300 1971

Add to this the Advantage of Recycled Material. If you

Dont Recycle so much it will add to power production


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Potential of Plastic to OilSo here goes the goldmine to the landfill!!!!Waste plastic generated in India 10000 MT/day

Quantity of crude that can be

replaced by the output of the

Zadgaonkars Process

(Assumption: Only the WastePlastic generated in India is

rocessed.

10,950,000.00 Kilo-litre /annum

i.e. 54,750,000.00 Barrels/annum

Average rate of crude oil

$/Barrel

80

Saving on Foreign

Currency

4.38 Billion USD


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Can we repeat their successes?Overall Potential


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Can we repeat their successes?

If a country like Denmark with a totalpopulation equal to less than half that of ametro like Mumbai and area almost equal to asmall state like Kerala could build 29 Waste-to-Energy plants and plans to build manymore, the potential in India should betremendous.


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"I only feel angry when I seewaste. When I see peoplethrowing away things that wecould use.- Mother Teresa


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Moral of the Story

Any change is painful even if it is

known in advance that it will

ultimately benefit individuals and

the society at large.

working towards zero landfill-final

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