Working Group on Effects, 29th Session, 22-24 September 2010Working Group on Effects, 29th Session, 22-24 September 2010

Task Force on Health:Task Force on Health:Results: PMResults: PM

Michal Krzyzanowski

TFH Chair

WHO/Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Bonn

http://www.euro.who.int/air

ECE/EB.AIR/WG1/2010/11

Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update

Intensive research on health effects of PM continues (500 research papers published in 2008-9):

• Confirm WHO AQG Global Update 2005 conclusion on the increased of morbidity and mortality (heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases) related to long term exposure to PM2.5;

• Prompted US EPA to classify relation of cardiovascular effects with long-term PM2.5 exposure as “causal” (association of CV and respiratory effects with PM10, PM10-2.5, UF – suggestive);

• Broader array of studied effects (biomarkers, reproductive & neurological effects)

• Health effects demonstrated for various PM components / sources / characteristics.

• Systematic assessment of health relevance of black smoke (The Netherlands)

Effects of PM exposure on health: 2010 update

Ongoing activities:

• Preparations to the 2013 revision of EU AQ Directive: discussion on risk assessment methods at 13th FH Meeting;

• European Study of Cohorts and Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) Collaboration of ca 30 cohorts covering 900,000 subjects

• Health impact assessment of air pollution:• in European cities (APHEKOM) • EU – analysis by ETC ACC• Global Burden of Disease – Harvard Initiative for Global Health & collaborators, including WHO (use of GAINS & satellite-based PM2.5 estimates)

PM10 in cities, 2008

Source: ETC ACC

AQG = 20 µg/m3

Urban population distribution by PM10 annual Urban population distribution by PM10 annual average, 2007average, 2007

Mean annual PM10 in Europe, 1999-2008

all stations

<-6 %/yr

-6 - -3 %/yr

-3 - 0 %/yr

> 0 %/yr

source: ETC/ACC-AIRBASE February -2010

PM10trend(%/yr)1999-2008

PM10 annual mean

0

10

20

30

40

50

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

urban traffic rural

PM2.5 in cities, 2008

Source: ETC ACC

0 10 20 30 40

EEFI

NOPTSE

DKESGBCHDEHUFRNLBEATLVCZIT

SKGRPLBG

PM2.5 (annual mean, ug/m3) at (sub)urban stations

WHO AQG

Potential reduction in YLL for two scenarios for PM2.5 reduction: LV compliance and AEI-reduction target

Source: F. De Leeuw, J. Horalek, ETC/ACC, 2009

Impact indicators in 2020 vs. levels in 2000, for the baseline cases and the maximum technical feasible reductions (MTFR)

Amman et al, CIAM Report 1/2010

PM2.5

Air pollution episodes 2010Air pollution episodes 2010

FederalEnvironment Agency

FederalEnvironment Agency

Estimates of PM2.5 in Russia, summer 2010Estimates of PM2.5 in Russia, summer 2010

Method:

Env Health Persp 2010