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Page 1: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग
Page 2: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग

Work, power and Energyकामय, शकति औय ऊराय

Page 3: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग

Work/कामय: “product of force and displacement in the direction of force”

" फर औय फर की दिशा भ विसथाऩन का गणनपर को कामय कहि ह|"

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When a constant force F acts on a particles and the motion of the particle takes place in a straight line in the direction of force, then work done by the force is defined as the product of the magnitude of the force (F) and the distance (d) through which the particle moves.

रफ एक फर F एक वऩॊड ऩय कामय कयिा ह औय वऩॊड की गति फर की दिशा भ एक सीधी यखा भ होिी ह, िो फर दिाया ककमा गमा कामय फर (F) क ऩरयभाण औय फर की दिशा भ ियी क गणनपर क रऩ भ ऩरयबाविि होिा ह।

Page 5: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग
Page 6: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग

Unit of work –Newton meter or joule

Work may be positive negative and zero.कारय धनातमक, नकारातमक और शनर हो सकता ह|

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a)POSITIVE WORK/ धनातभक कामय: the work done on an object is said to be positive work when force and displacement are in same direction.फर औय विसथाऩन एक ही दिशा भ होन ऩय ककसी िसि ऩय ककमा गमा कामय सकायातभक कामय कहरािा ह।

Example: When an object moves on horizontal surface, force and displacement acts in forward direction. So, work done is positive. रफ कोई िसि तिर सिह ऩय चरिी ह, िो फर औय विसथाऩन आग की दिशा भ कामय कयिा ह। इसलरए, ककमा गमा कामय सकायातभक ह।

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b)NEGATIVE WORK/ऋणातभक कामय: The work done is said to be negative work when force and displacement are in opposite direction. फर औय विसथाऩन विऩयीि दिशा भ होन ऩय ककमा गमा कामय नकायातभक कामय कहरािा ह। Example: When an object is thrown upwards, the force CTS in downward direction whereas displacement acts in upward direction. रफ ककसी िसि को ऊऩय की ओय प का रािा ह, िो फर सीटीएस को नीच की दिशा भ र रािा ह रफकक विसथाऩन ऊरधिय दिशा भ कामय कयिा ह।

Page 9: Work, power and Energy - WiFiStudy.com...Work/क मय: product of force and displacement in the direction of force" फर औय फर क द श भ ઋ स थ ऩन क ग

c)ZERO WORK/शनम कामय: The work done is said to be zero work when force and displacement are perpendicular to each other or when either force or displacement is zero. फर औय विसथाऩन एक िसय क लरए रॊफिि मा रफ फर मा विसथाऩन शनम हो िो ककमा गमा कामय शनम कामय कहरािा ह।Example: When we hold an object and walk, the force acts in downward direction whereas displacement acts in forward direction. रफ हभ ककसी िसि को ऩकडि ह औय चरि ह, िो फर नीच की दिशा भ काभ कयिा ह रफकक विसथाऩन आग की दिशा भ काभ कयिा ह।

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Positive, negative and zero work

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Work-Energy Theorem/कामय-ऊराय सभीकयण: The work done by all the force acting on

a body is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the body. This is called “work-energy theorem”.

एक वऩॊड ऩय काभ कयन िार सबी फर दिाया ककमा गमा कामय वऩ ॊड की गतिर ऊराय भ ऩरयिियन क फयाफय ह। इस कामय-ऊराय परभम कहा रािा ह।

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Formula:

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Power/शकतत: “The power is defined as the rate at which work is done”. कामय कयन की िय को शकति कहि ह । Unit-joule/second.

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Energy/ऊराय: Energy of a body is its capacity of doing work. ककसी ननकार की ऊराय उसक कारय करन की मता ह।

In Mechanics (General Physics) a body is capable of doing work under two circumstances- माॊतरिकी (साभानम बौतिकी) भ एक तनकाम िो ऩरयकसथतिमो भ कामय कयन भ सभ ह-a)When it is in motion/ रफ मह गति भ हो and (b) When it is situated (located) in a field or when it is strained/ रफ मह ककसी ि भ कसथि (कसथि) हो मा रफ मह िनािऩणय हो

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Thus two types of energy usually coexist--one due to motion and another due to the field or position. इस परकाय िो परकाय की ऊराय आभिौय ऩय सह-अकसिति भ होिी ह - एक गति क कायण औय िसयी कसथति क कायण। I. Kinetic energy/गतिर ऊराय II. Potantial energy/कसथतिर ऊराय

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a)Kinetic Energy/गनतर ऊराय: A body describing motion acquires linear velocity and develop a capacity of doing work which is called kinetic energy of the body.गति का िणयन कयन िारा वऩॊड यखखक िग परापि कयिा ह औय कामय कयन की भिा विकलसि कयिा ह करस वऩॊड की गतिर ऊराय कहा रािा ह।

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If m be the mass of body having a velocity v, then kinetic energy of the body is given by मदि m वऩॊड का दरवमभान औय v वऩॊड का िग v हो, िो वऩॊड की गतिर ऊराय दिाया िी रािी ह|

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Relation between kinetic energy and momentum/गनतर ऊराय और सवग म सबध

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Examples –1.A ball rolling on a surface because it can set another ball into motion by striking it./एक गि एक सिह ऩय रढकिी ह, तमोकक मह एक औय गि को गति भ राकय सट कय सकिी ह।

2.water in motion as it can turns a wheel or a turbine./ ऩानी भ गति क रऩ भ मह एक ऩदहमा मा एक टयफाइन फिर सकिा ह|

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b)Potential Energy/कथिनतर ऊराय: If a body develops a capacity of doing work due to its position or field, it position or field, it is called potential energy of the body.मदि कोई वऩॊड अऩनी कसथति मा ि क कायण कामय कयन की भिा विकलसि कयिा ह, िो इस वऩॊड की कसथतिर ऊराय कहा रािा ह।

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If m be the mass of a body and h be the height or position of the body where acceleration due to gravity is g.

मदि ककसी वऩॊड का दरवमभान m हो औय उस वऩॊड की ऊॉ चाई h ह, गरतिाकियण क कायण तियण g विदमभान ह, िो वऩणड की सॊबाविि ऊराय –

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Ex- • Water stored in a dam has large amount of potential

energy due to its height above the ground.एक फाॊध भ सॊगरहीि ऩानी भ रभीन स ऊऩय की ऊॊ चाई क कायण फडी भािा भ कसथतिर ऊराय होिी ह।

• A stretched rubber band possesses potential energy due to its distorted shape.

एक परा हआ यफय फड अऩन विकि आकाय क कायण कसथतिर ऊराय यखिा ह।

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Law of Energy conservation/ऊराय सॊयण का तनमभ “Energy can only be converted from one from to the other; it can neither be created nor destroyed and as such the total energy in this Universe remains constant”. “ऊराय को किर एक स िसय भ ऩरयितियि ककमा रा सकिा ह; इस न िो फनामा रा सकिा ह औय न ही नषट ककमा रा सकिा ह औय इस बरहभाॊड भ कर ऊराय कसथय यहिी ह’।

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The law was first stated by Robert Mayor, a German physicist in 1842 and was firmly established by Helmholtz.

मह तनमभ ऩहरी फाय 1842 भ रभयन बौतिक विऻानी यॉफटय भमय दिाया दिमा गमा था औय हलभहोलत दिाया दढिा स सथावऩि ककमा गमा था।

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Nature has been very kind to us in providing us energy in various forms. These forms of energy are as follows. परकति हभ विलबनन रऩो भ ऊराय परिान कयिी ह। ऊराय क म रऩ इस परकाय ह।

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1.Solar energy- The energy radiated by the Sun is called solar

energy. Plants collect and store this energy to make food through photosynthesis. सौय ऊराय- समय स तनकरन िारी ऊराय को सौय ऊराय कहा रािा ह। परकाश सॊशरिण क भारधमभ स बोरन फनान क लरए ऩौध इस ऊराय को एकि कयि ह औय सॊगरदहि कयि ह।

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2.Heat energy- It is the energy released when coal, oil, gas or wood burn and it produces in us the sensation of warmth. ऊषभीम ऊराय- कोमरा, िर, गस मा रकडी क ररन ऩय मह ऊराय तनकरिी ह |

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3.Light energy. It is the form of energy which produces in us the sensation of sight. Sun is the natural source of light. परकाश ऊराय- मह ऊराय का िह रऩ ह रो हभ दकषट की अनबति परिान कयिी ह। समय परकाश का पराकतिक सरोि ह|

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4.Chemical energy: It is the energy possessed by fossil fuels (coal, petroleum and natural gas) and is also called the fuel energy. The food that we eat has chemical energy stored in it. यासामतनक ऊराय- मह रीिाशभ ईधन (कोमरा, ऩटरोलरमभ औय पराकतिक गस) क ऩास सॊचचि ऊराय ह औय इस ईधन ऊराय बी कहा रािा ह। रो बोरन हभ खाि ह उसभ यासामतनक ऊराय सॊचचि होिी ह।

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5.Hydro energy: The energy possessed by water flowing in rivers and streams is called hydro energy. This energy is used to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. रर ऊराय- नदिमो औय नारो भ फहन िार ऩानी क ऩास भौरि ऊराय को ऩनतरफररी कहा रािा ह। इस ऊराय का उऩमोग ऩनतरफररी सॊमॊिो भ तरफररी उतऩनन कयन क लरए ककमा रािा ह।

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6.Wind energy. The energy possessed by moving air is called wind energy. िाम ऊराय- चरिी हई हिा क ऩास भौरि ऊराय को ऩिन ऊराय कहा रािा ह|

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7.Ocean thermal energy (OTE). Solar energy stored in the oceans in the form of heat is called ocean thermal energy. भहासागयीम िाऩीम ऊराय -ऊषभा क रऩ भ भहासागयो भ सॊगरहीि सौय ऊराय को भहासागयीम िाऩीम ऊराय कहा रािा ह।

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8.Geothermal energy. It is the heat energy of the Earth and is found within rock formations and the fluids held within those formations. बिाऩीम ऊराय- मह ऩथिी की ऊषभा ऊराय ह औय मह यॉक सॊयचनाओॊ औय उन सॊयचनाओॊ क बीिय ियर ऩिाथो भ ऩाई रािी ह।

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9.Biomass energy. It is the energy obtained from biomass (i.e., living matter or its residues). फामोभास ऊराय- मह फामोभास (मानी रीविि ऩिाथय मा इसक अिशि) स परापि ऊराय ह।

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10.Tidal energy. It is the energy derived from the rising and falling ocean tides. जिायीम ऊराय- मह सभदर ियॊगो क उठन औय चगयन स फनन िारी ऊराय ह।

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11.Sound energy. It is the energy possessed by vibrating objects and it produces in us the sensation of hearing. रधितन ऊराय- मह िसिओॊ क कॊ ऩन स तनकारन िारी ऊराय ह औय मह हभ सनन की अनबति ऩिा कयिी ह।

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12.Mechanical energy. It is the energy possessed by a body due to its position (or configuration) or motion. The energy possessed due to position or configuration is called potential energy and that due to motion is called kinetic energy. The sum of these two energies is called the mechanical energy. माॊतरिक ऊराय- मह एक वऩॊड दिाया अऩनी कसथति (मा विनमास) मा गति क कायण होिी ह। कसथति मा विनमास क कायण होन िारी ऊराय को सथतिर ऊराय कहा रािा ह औय गति क कायण गतिर ऊराय कहरािी ह। इन िोनो ऊरायओॊ क मोग को माॊतरिक ऊराय कहा रािा ह।

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13. Electric energy. The energy possessed by magnetised bodies. e.g. - magnet. विदमि ऊराय- चमफककि वऩॊडो क दिाया उतऩनन ऊराय | उिाहयण - चॊफक।

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Energy conservation ऊराय ऩरयिियन

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1.Dynamo-Mechanical energy in to electrical energy डामनभो-माॊतरिक ऊराय भ विदमि ऊराय

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2.Candle-Chemical energy in to light and heat energy भोभफतती-यासामतनक ऊराय को परकाश औय ऊषभा ऊराय भ

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3.Microphone-Sound energy in to electrical energy भाइकरोपोन-रधितन ऊराय को विदमि ऊराय भ

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4.Loud Speaker-Electrical energy in to sound energy राउड सऩीकय-इरकतटरकर ऊराय को रधितन ऊराय

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5.Solar Cell-Solar energy in to electrical energy सौय सर-सौय ऊराय को विदमि ऊराय भ

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6.Tube light-Electrical energy in to light energyटमफ राइट-विदमि ऊराय को परकाश ऊराय भ

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7. Electric bulb-Electrical energy in to light and heat energyतरफररी क फलफ-विदमि ऊराय भ परकाश औय ऊषभा ऊराय क लरए

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8.Battery-Chemical energy in to electrical energyफटयी-यासामतनक ऊराय विदमि ऊराय भ

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9.Electric motor-Electric energy in to motor energyविदमि भोटय-इरकतटरक ऊराय को भोटय ऊराय भ

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10.Sitar-Mechanical energy in to sound energy लसिाय-माॊतरिक ऊराय को रधितन ऊराय भ

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QuestionS

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1. How is work done by a force measured? फर दिाया भाऩा गमा कामय कस भाऩा रािा ह?

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Ans. Work done (W) = force (F) x displacement (s).ककमा गमा कामय (W) = फर (F) x विसथाऩन (s)।

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2. When is work done by a force positive? ककमा गमा कामय धनातभक कफ होिा ह?

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Ans. Work done by a force is positive if force and displacement are in the same direction.फर दिाया ककमा गमा कामय सकायातभक ह मदि फर औय विसथाऩन एक ही दिशा भ हो।

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3. When is work done by a force negative? ककमा गमा कामय नकायातभक कफ होिा ह?

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Ans. Work done by a force is negative if force and displacement are in opposite directions.फर दिाया ककमा गमा कामय नकायातभक होिा ह मदि फर औय विसथाऩन विऩयीि दिशाओॊ भ हो

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4. When is work done by a force zero? फर शनम दिाया कफ कामय शनम कफ होिा ह?

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Ans. Work done by a force is zero if the direction of force and displacement are perpendicular to each other or if the displacement is zero. फर दिाया ककमा गमा कामय शनम होिा ह मदि फर औय विसथाऩन की दिशा एक िसय क लरए रॊफिि हो मा विसथाऩन शनम हो।

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5. Work a scalar quantity or a vector quantity? तमा एक अदिश यालश मा एक सदिश यालश ह?

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Ans. Work is a scalar quantity. कामय एक अदिश यालश ह।

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6. Is a person doing any work by holding a suitcase? तमा कोई वमकति सटकस ऩकडकय कोई कामय कय यहा ह?

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Ans. No, as there is no displacement of the suitcase.नहीॊ, तमोकक सटकस भ कोई विसथाऩन नहीॊ ह।

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7. What are the units of work and energy? कामय औय ऊराय भािक तमा ह?

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Ans. The unit of work and energy is the same, i.e., joule. कामय औय ऊराय की इकाई एक ही ह, अथायि, रर

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8. Is energy a vector quantity? तमा ऊराय एक सदिश यालश ह?

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9. Name two forms of mechanical energy. माॊतरिक ऊराय क िो रऩो का नाभ फिाइए।

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ANS- (i) kinetic energy and (ii) potential energy.(i) गतिर ऊराय औय (ii) सॊबाविि ऊराय।

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10. By how much will the kinetic energy of a body increase if its speed is doubled? मदि ककसी की गति िोगनी हो रािी ह, िो वऩणड की गतिर ऊराय ककिनी फढ राएगी?

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Ans. The kinetic energy of the body will become four times. वऩणड की गतिर ऊराय चाय गना हो राएगी|

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