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Work in the Fluid System Notes

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Page 1: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the

Fluid System

Notes

Page 2: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

1. What is the prime mover in the fluid

system?

• pressure difference

2. In the fluid system, what does work?

• pressure difference

3. Why does pressure difference

accomplish work?

• it can cause a fluid to move

Page 3: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

4. Example – What causes wind to

blow?

• air moves from high pressure regions to low

pressure regions

Page 4: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

5. What are the two structural types of

fluid systems?

• open systems

• closed system

Page 5: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

6. What is a closed fluid system?• the fluid is contained in the

system

• it is retained and recirculatedthrough the system

7. Examples of closed systems• blood circulating in body, brake

system in car, hydraulic jacks or lifts, hydraulic motors

Page 6: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

8. What is an open fluid system?• fluid flows through system

one time only

• it is not retained and recirculated

9. Examples of open fluid systems• city water systems,

gasoline pump, paint sprayers, fire/garden hose

Page 7: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

10. How do we calculate the work done by a

fluid?

• Work = Pressure Difference x Volume of Fluid

• W = P x V

• W = ∆P x V (ex. Town water system)

• W = P x ∆V (ex. Hydraulic cylinder)

10a. What are the units?

• lbs/ft2 x ft3 giving…

• lbs-ft

Page 8: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Example of Town Water Supply

Page 9: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Example of Hydraulic Cylinders

Page 10: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

12. Example – A hydraulic cylinder moves

a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing

on a mechanical load. The fluid pressure

on the piston face is 80,000 N/m2. The

area of the piston face is 12 cm2.

• What is the total work done on the piston?

Solution – next page

Page 11: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

Solve: W = P x ∆V

• you know the pressure is 80,000 N/m2

• you do not know the volume of the fluid

moved – you must find it from the area (A) of

the piston head and the length (L) of the

cylinder

• V = A x L

• V = 12 cm2 x 10 cm = 120 cm3

Page 12: Work in the Fluid System - Augusta County Public SchoolsWork in the Fluid System 12. Example –A hydraulic cylinder moves a piston 10 cm horizontally while pushing on a mechanical

Work in the Fluid System

• convert 120 cm3 into 0.00012 m3 by dividing

by 1,000,000 (1m3 = 1,000,000 cm3)

• Now, find work from volume and pressure

Solve W = P x ∆V

• W = (80,000 N/m2)(0.00012 m3)

• W = 9.6 N-m