work at height i

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Working at Height

Working at Height

DE-FLAGRO d.o.o Safety Team

DE-FLAGRO d.o.o Safety Team

Working at HeightWorking at Height

• We are part of the De-Flagro. d.o.o Health Safety and Environmental Integrated Team

• We are responsible for the implementation of the Health, Safety, Environmental and Security Management Systems for all De-Flagro projects

• Part of that responsibility is training personnel about safety and safety equipment

• This training will contain both theoretical and practice sessions, practical session will take place on site.

Introduction


• Learn how to work at height safely• You will learn about the full body harness• How to fit and wear the harness correctly• How to inspect a harness for damage or

wear• How to connect and disconnect safely on

scaffold and high structures• SCAFTAG System• You will learn about Man basket Safety and

how to use the Safety Checklist• Ladder Safety

What you will learn about today


• Planning • Training • Equipment• Attitude• A cultural change?

Fall protection is a series of steps taken to reasonably reduce or eliminate the risk of falling while in the workplace.

What is fall protection?


Work at height is work in any place, including a place at, above or below

ground level, where a person could be injured if they fell from that place.

Access and egress (emergence) to a place of work can also be work at

height.

Some examples of work activities that are classified as working at height

include :

• Working on a flat roof

• Working from a ladder

• Working on Scaffolding

• Working at ground level adjacent to an open excavation

• Working near or adjacent to fragile materials.

What Is Work At Height ?What Is Work At Height ?


Latest figures show that 46 people died from a fall from height at work

in 2009/10. This is the lowest number on record, but falls from height

remain the most common kind of accident causing fatal injuries. The

number of people who have suffered major injury as a result of a fall

has also reduced, from 3799 in 2007/08 to 3351 in 2008/09.

Falls from height are the most common cause of fatal injury and the second most common

cause of major injury to Employees.

Why We Must Control Work At Height ?

Working at HeightWorking at Height Managing working at height? Managing working at height?

• Working at height does not have to involve unacceptably high risks.• Proper management of the issues we have looked at will create a safer working environment for everyone and help you to comply with your legal duties. • Take the time to plan the work, select the right equipment, and use it properly.

Two men dangled outside a high-rise

with only a safety harness preventing a deadly fall.


• Failure to recognise a problem.

• Failure to ensure that safe systems of work are followed.

• Failure to provide safe systems of work.

• Inadequate information, instruction, training or supervision provided.

• Failure to use appropriate equipment.

• Failure to provide safe plant/equipment.

Common factors include: Common factors include:

Experience shows that fall from height events usually arise due to poor management control rather than because of equipment failure.


Personnel working more than 2 metres above ground level unprotected on rebar walls, piers, or concrete form walls must have fall protection 100 % of the time.

• Fall protection can be achieved through the use of retractable lifelines, static lifeline and rope grabs, or double lanyards.

• Personnel working or rebar or formed walls and elevated piers generally require a work positioning lanyard (which cannot be used for fall protection) and a fall protection lanyard.

• On vertical rebar walls, the safety lanyard will be secured either to a lifeline or to a horizontal section of rebar at a point above the worker’s head.

• On form walls, personnel will use special construction form tie-off attachments or lifelines to secure their safety lanyards. These employees will receive a specific Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) on the equipment to be used and the fall protection practices to be followed by their supervisor – ASK FOR IT!

Basic Rules Basic Rules


• Why must you be trained?

• What happens if I am not trained and I have an accident?

• What if I am not comfortable with working up high places?

• Why must I wear a Full Body Harness

• What will happen if I do not use the equipment properly?

Ask Questions !Ask Questions !


• Because the law demands it!

• If you survive, you may not receive workers compensation

• Speak with your supervisor or safety advisor and you will not have to work up high

• Full body Harnesses are proven to provide more protection for a person in the event of a fall from height and are safer than belts

• You are more likely to be injured in an a fall, possibly with fatal results or serious injury, you could be maimed for life! Additionally you are likely to be removed from the project

Get Answers !Get Answers !


1. Check you have the correct PPE i.e. hat, boots, gloves, harnesses and lanyards

2. Make sure you are trained

3. Supervisors to ensure men really are supervised properly

4. Check access are Tagged and GREEN if open (ladders, scaffold)

5. Check anchor points are secure

6. Don’t try to take short cuts when you work

7. Never believe that it wont’ happen to you!

8. Never mess about at height or be foolhardy ( don’t take risks)

9. Don’t work at height if overtired

10. Don’t breach procedures or safety rules

11. Report damaged scaffold and handrails or fix them!

What measures can you employ ?!What measures can you employ ?!

Working at HeightWorking at Height Example of Fall ProtectionExample of Fall Protection

Working at HeightWorking at Height Simple methods of fall protection systems

Simple methods of fall protection systems

1. Tie-off Point 2. Lifeline 3. Rope Grab (holds rope)4. Shock-Absorbing Lanyard 5. Cross-Arm Strap

6. Retractable Lifeline 7. Full-Body Harness 8. Restraining Belt 9. Restraining Lanyard 10.Carabiner

Working at HeightWorking at HeightThe Full Body Harness – description of parts

The Full Body Harness – description of parts

Shoulder Strap – padded

Back ring

Chest Strap

Life Line

Waist belt – padded

Lanyard

Belt rings

Thigh straps


• Users should be made responsible for consistent inspection and care of this equipment.• Do not allow the locking latch to be nearest to your body.• Do not use a hook on equipment that will create a side loading on the latches.• If latches are distorted or damaged the hook must be removed from service immediately.• Do not attach foreign objects to D ring. They may prevent the correct engagement of the hook or give the user false indication of the hook closure.• Do not allow the latches of the hook to be pushed from either side by the D ring, rope, branches, twigs or any other obstruction in a narrow space. This could cause the latches to open.•Do not connect two hooks together.

Using HookUsing Hook

Working at HeightWorking at Height Single Lanyard !Single Lanyard !

Is this a super-hero or fool, a sample of White Hat supervisor, bad behaviour ?!

Is this a super-hero or fool, a sample of White Hat supervisor, bad behaviour ?!

Working at HeightWorking at Height Double Lanyard

Double Lanyard

Working at HeightWorking at Height Inspect your equipment Inspect your equipment dailydaily!Inspect your equipment Inspect your equipment dailydaily!

• Replace defective equipment. If there is any doubt about the safety of the equipment, do not use it.

• Replace any equipment, including ropes, involved in a fall.

• A trained inspector should examine equipment at least yearly.

• It is advisable to use shock absorbers if the arresting forces of the lanyard alone can cause injury.

• Use the right equipment for the job.

Working at HeightWorking at Height How to inspect the harnesses How to inspect the harnesses

• Inspect the entire surface of webbing for damage. Beginning at one end, bend the webbing in an inverted "U."

• Holding the body side of the belt toward you, grasp the belt with your hands 150-170mm apart.

• Watch for frayed edges, broken fibres, pulled stitches, cuts or chemical damage. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface.

• Replace according to manufacturers' guidelines.

Working at HeightWorking at Height How to clean equipmentHow to clean equipment

• Wipe off all surface dirt with a sponge dampened in plain water.

• Rinse the webbing in clean water.

• Dry the belt and other equipment away from direct heat, and out of long periods of sunlight.

• Store in a clean, dry area, free of fumes, sunlight or corrosive materials and in such a way that it does not warp or distort the belt.

Working at HeightWorking at Height How to inspect the Lanyard?How to inspect the Lanyard?

• Rotate the webbing/rope lanyard and inspect from end to end for fuzzy, worn, broken or cut fibres.

• Replace when damaged or worn

• The older a rope/webbing lanyard is and the more use it gets, the more important testing and inspection become.


• A knot in the lanyard, other than those intended by the manufacturer; • Surface abrasion across the face of the webbing and at the webbing loops, particularly if localized; • Abrasion at the edges, particularly if localized; • Cuts to the webbing, rope or stitching, particularly at the edges (eg where the lanyard may have been choke-hitched around steel work); • Chemical attack which can result in local weakening and softening - often indicated by flaking of the surface. There may also be a change to the color of the fibers; • Heat or friction damage indicated by fibers with a glazed appearance which may feel harder than surrounding fibers; • Damaged or deformed fittings (eg karabiners, screw link connectors, scaffold hooks); • UV-degradation which is difficult to identify, particularly visually, but there may be some loss of color (if dyed) and a powdery surface; • Partially deployed energy absorber (eg short pull-out of tear webbing); • Contamination (eg with dirt, grit, sand etc) which may result in internal or external abrasion.

Examples of Defects and DamagesExamples of Defects and Damages

Working at HeightWorking at Height Scaffolding

QuestScaffolding

Quest

Why do I need to Why do I need to know ?!know ?!Why do I need to Why do I need to know ?!know ?!


The sign on the right means that the scaffold is NOT SAFE to use. It may still be under erection or dismantling, it may even be damaged and unsafe.

Because if you attempt to use it you could be seriously injured, or are likely to cause an accident that could injure other people.

Look for the “NO ENTRY” sign on the TAG and OBEY it. This sign says to you to KEEP OUT. Do not use Scaffolding with this tag on it for ANY purpose. Think Safe! Work Safe!

If you are working at height then you must be able to recognize what areas are UNSAFE to operate and work in.

Where you see a RED Tag like the one below then the scaffold has NOT been inspected by a qualified inspector and is NOT safe to use.

Because walking onto a scaffold not inspected could cause you an injury or worse you may injure another person/s

SCAFFOLDING NOT SAFE TO USE – KEEP OFF!SCAFFOLDING NOT SAFE TO USE – KEEP OFF!


Your Safety is our concern. Safety is also your responsibility, therefore note carefully this scaffold safety marking system, which is being put into operation across the project. Make a little time to show your team, staff and personnel this system of safe scaffold and scaffold towers marking.

Because your life or another persons life may be put at risk by your ignorance or failure to observe basic safety rules.

Scaffolding Safety – The plastic tag below will shortly be fitted to scaffolding towers, scaffolding platforms and special hanging scaffolds.

If you are working at height then you must be able to recognize what areas are safe to operate and work in and what areas are unsafe and may be dangerous.

Where you see a GREEN Tag like the one below then the scaffold has been inspected by a qualified inspector and is safe to use. GREEN TO GO – SAFE TO USE!

Because walking onto a scaffold not inspected could cause you an injury or worse you may injure another person/s. Look for the green tag and tick mark indicating “SAFE TO USE”

SCAFFOLDING, SAFE TO USE !SCAFFOLDING, SAFE TO USE !

Working at HeightWorking at Height Common Danger InvolvedCommon Danger Involved

• Falling Off

• Scaffold Tipping Over

• Unsecured Wheels

• Unsecured Surface

• Struck-by accidents from above

TWO workmen were fighting for life last night and one was seriouslyinjured after a 100ft scaffolding tower collapsed "like a pack of cards".

Working at HeightWorking at Height Scaffolding tipsScaffolding tips

Toe board

Toe board

Working at HeightWorking at Height Scaffolding tipsScaffolding tips

Working at HeightWorking at Height Man Basket SafetyMan Basket Safety


Responsibility• The Supervisor in charge of the work activities is

directly responsible for maintaining, upholding and enforcement of this procedure.

General Guidelines• When used correctly, work baskets can provide a safe

and efficient mean of temporary access when working at heights.

Work Baskets • A work basket is used to hoist or lower personnel by

crane whilst working aloft.• The work basket will be inspected and stamped with the

Safe Working Load (SWL) for which it was designed.• Each work basket will be color coded in accordance with

the approved schedule and color. • The crane operator shall remain alert and not leave his

controls whilst men are suspended in the work basket.

Man Basket SafetyMan Basket Safety


• In addition to the main lifting sling, a safety sling shall be secured between the work basket and crane hook.

• A safety latch must be fitted to the crane hook for all personnel lifts.

• The work basket shall contain only minimum materials, equipment and people to do the job. Materials and equipment shall be secured.

• Taglines shall be used to control the work basket movement.

• Each employee shall be secured with a safety harnesses at all times when in the work basket. Hands must be kept within the handrail to prevent being pinched.



• Positive communications must be maintained between the crane operator and work basket occupants. Radio, direct vision or an additional signalman may be employed to achieve this.

• Only trained and qualified, competent operators are authorized to lift personnel in work baskets. Baskets may only be moved when clear instructions have been received

• Unserviceable (unsafe) work baskets shall not be used.

• Personnel who are not secured with a full body harness and double lanyard shall not be lifted.



This checklist to be completed by the supervisor in charge of the work with the men doing the work. Authorization to start the work is confirmed with the Shift-Leaders signature

Name of Supervisor John Jones

Date 21 June 04

Crane Type /Crane No Liebherr 1050 No: 2

Total Weight KGS basket, men and tools Basket + Men (100kg@) + Tools = ______kgs

Location of work AA21

Job DescriptionPlace access signs and remove rubbish, install

lamps

SUPERVISOR CHECKS YES If NO, not to be

used!

Check lifting gear is correct color code and safe working load is not exceeded by men and tools

X

Check shackles are either “safety wired” or “bolted and pinned” X

Check slingers, and workers are familiarized with the work to be done

X

Check basket is in good condition, free from visible damage and clean

X

Check all persons are wearing correct safety harness and double lanyard

X

Brief all personnel on job responsibilities – Toolbox X

Man Basket ChecklistMan Basket Checklist

Working at HeightWorking at Height Man Basket ChecklistMan Basket Checklist

List Defects Below - In the event defects are found the basket is not to be used until checked by a specialist (crane). Defects are to be tagged clearly and the basket put out of operation until repaired and re-inspected by a specialist.

1. No defects noticed

2.

3.

I confirm that all checks have been carried out and that it is safe for the work to begin.

Supervisor in charge of the work

Signed: Date:210604 Time:08:30

Copy to Shift Leader


- about the risks and how to avoid them ?!It is always tempting to use a ladder but you should always consider using a working platform first, for example, a properly erected scaffold tower or a mobile elevating working platform (MEWP).

Ladders, Think, Ladders, Think,


• Ladders can be used if after assessing the risks the use of more suitable

work equipment is not justified because of the low risk and short

duration.

• Short duration is taken to be between 15 and 30 minutes depending upon

the task.

• Ladders can also be used for low risk work where there are features on

the site that mean a ladder must be used.

These Low Risk uses may be ?!

•Painting•Cleaning•Finishes•Electrical work•Drywall drill work•Multiple other uses

When can ladders be used ?


Common causes of falls include those where:

You can help prevent this type of fall if you:

Keep your body centred within the ladder The user over-reaches

Always keep three points of contact with the ladder

Keep the rungs clean and in good condition

Wear non-slip footwear, if necessary clean the soles before using the ladder

Are fit to work at height

Are trained to use a ladder

Keep three points of contact with the ladder

The user slips from the ladder

Make sure the rungs are horizontal

Position the ladder correctly on a firm, level surface

Check the feet of the ladder daily

Fasten the ladder at top and bottom The ladder wobbles, slips and falls

Rest the ladder on a firm surface at the top

Position the ladder properly, use the 1 in 4 rule for leaning ladders

Do not exceed the maximum weight limit on the ladder

The ladder breaks

Only carry light materials or tools (up to 10kg)

Common Causes:


Before you use a ladder, first ask yourself:

Is a ladder right for the job and am I fit to work at height?

Then think about the condition and the position of the ladder.

• A ladder in good condition has:• Feet firmly attached

• Clean treads

• Secure locking devices

• Secure fastenings when it is extended

• A ladder in a good position:• Is stepladder fully open

• Is locked into place

• Will not move at the bottom.

• Stands on a surface that is: • firm • level• clear • dry • not slippery

Ladders, Before Use:


In Use

• Only work on a stepladder for a maximum of

15 - 30 minutes at a time

• Only carry light materials and tools (up to 10

kg)

• Do not overreach – make sure your belt buckle

(navel) stays within the stiles

• Keep both feet on the same rung or step

throughout the task

• Make sure you have a safe handhold available

on the steps

• Avoid side-on working

StepStep LaddersLadders


• Face the rungs as you climb up or down.

• Use both hands on the ladder and maintain ‘three point’ contact (keep one hand firmly on frame or ladder at all times)

• Do not try to carry materials while you climb

• Ensure footing and balance before releasing hand grips

• Do not work on slippery rungs.

Remember, Ladders:Remember, Ladders:

If you are not sure that it is right to use a ladder speak to your Line Manager or the Safety Representative !

Working at HeightWorking at Height Remember, Working at Height:Remember, Working at Height:

!!

Be aware of:Be aware of:


With a Safety Harness you can hang around

But without, you might fall down.

Remember, Safety Harnesses:


It's not the fall that will kill you.It's the sudden stop.

Remember, without a safety line:


Remember:Remember:

There is no suchThere is no such thing as athing as a

“stupid”“stupid” oror “daft”“daft” Health Health

and Safetyand Safety

Question!Question!

Questions?


CERTIFICATECERTIFICATE233107This certifies that This certifies that Zoran PavlakajdZoran Pavlakajd ID: has attended a ID: has attended a

3 (three) hour of 3 (three) hour of DE-FLAGRO d.o.oDE-FLAGRO d.o.o Safety Training Course for Safety Training Course for Working at Working at HeightHeight covering both theoretical and practical work instruction. covering both theoretical and practical work instruction.

Contents of Contents of TrainingTraining

• Working at Height SafelyWorking at Height Safely• Use of full body harnessUse of full body harness

• Fit and wear the harness correctlyFit and wear the harness correctly• Inspect a harness for damage or wearInspect a harness for damage or wear

• Connect and disconnect safely on scaffold and high structuresConnect and disconnect safely on scaffold and high structures• SCAFTAG SystemSCAFTAG System

• Man basket Safety and how to use the Safety Check listMan basket Safety and how to use the Safety Check list• Ladder SafetyLadder Safety

CongratulationsCongratulations ! !You are now permitted to carry out work activities at height using You are now permitted to carry out work activities at height using

the full body harness and following the safety rules for such the full body harness and following the safety rules for such equipment.equipment.

Training Instructors Name: Sign: Date: No:

Jouni Torvinen Oct 2010 1691-032005


Work at height Training RegistrationWork at height Training Registration• Full name below and working group or department, with date/sign• Print your name clearly for your certificate!!!

Badge Number

Name Work Group Date Signature

work at height i

Documents

height introduction

height events

project working

height common factors

place of work

safer working environment

flat roof working

safety equipment