work and success

7/26/2019 work and success

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Failureespecially public failurestirs some of the most potent social emotions we

have: humiliation, guilt, shame. Guiltwhich occurs when you chalk up a failure to something

you didcan be beneficial. Shame, on the other handwhich is present when you attribute

failure to something you arecasts a generalized depressive pall on you that's harder to face, let

alone fix, notes Richard Robins, director of the Personality, Self and Emotion Laboratory at the

University of California at Davis.

That may explain why, though writer Sascha Rothchild's rejection from Yale felt shameful and

made her depressed, getting divorced after just a year of marriage didn't seem as personal. "It

seemed that the two of us tried this thing and it didn't work out," says Rothchild. "It was our fault.

We weren't working out togetherthat doesn't mean either of us is a bad person." The guilt left

behind in the tailing pond of a failed marriage was actually productive. It made her deconstruct in

minute detail what might have been done differently. (The result was a forthcoming memoir

sardonically titled How to Get Divorced By 30.)

Failure has implications for our development as whole people, fulfilled and purposeful. It can

initiate a search for meaning, a shift from pursuing the kinds of happinessthat flare briefly to the

kinds of happiness that endure. Suppose you've just gone broke. A wicked hit registers in the

"work and success" dimension of your life. But the psychic immune system has a strategy for

such a loss. There are four basic dimensions of our lives, says Robert Emmons, a psychologist

at the University of California at Davis. There is achievement, community, spirituality, and legacy.

When one dimension fails uswe lose "achievement," say, when we're laid offthe remaining

three get stronger.

Achievement is a big one in Americadisproportionately valued, and often conflated with

material success. But other dimensions actually have a potentially higher payoff. We easily

habituate to material things, and they quickly stop making us happy. But these other less tangible

values, a number of researchers have found, don't lose their happiness-making punchat least

not as much.

And so the once-autonomous striver, bulletproof and bowling alone, is forced to throw that old life

over the side and start making other connections. A new unifying principle coalesces around

some "higher purpose," and damned if the new life doesn't feel like an upgrade. Thus does

failure lead, roundabout, to happiness. "London and Chicago seized the opportunities provided

by their great fires to remake themselves into grander and more coherent cities," Haidt writes

in The Happiness Hypothesis. "People sometimes seize such opportunities, too, rebuilding

beautifully those parts of their lives lousy parentand a worse providerbut he was also tapping

the part of himself that felt like a failure. Schultz had aimed to be a novelist, but couldn't pull it off.

Alongside the very personal poems about his father, a long poem took shape about a character

who walked other, more successful, people's dogs.

The voltage that shot through the plainspoken language was unlike anything Schultz had

produced. He called the collection, simply, Failure. On its cover: a bent nail in a board. Last year,

it won the Pulitzer Prize.


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These days, failurewhat Schultz calls "the great American taboo"has bubbled to the surface

just about everywhere. Few people can escape the feeling they're giving up ground. The global

financial crisis has produced the sort of circumstances playwright Arthur Miller warned every

generation must facethe sort that mints Willy Lomans.

The recession has brought a sense of siege, and within it, the collective emotional tone of the

whole world seems to cycle. More than 4 million workers have been laid off since the recession

began. On a single day in January, 70,000 people were laid off, and another 50,000 or 60,000

lost their jobs on each of the 10 days that followed. The ragespilled into the streets in 10

countries.

One day, we may look back on this period as "a time when the gods changed," to paraphrase

James Michener, a moment when a convergence of big scares rattled people's beliefs about

basic things: Am I safe? Who can I trust? Is there anything I can do? And how, given everything

that has happened, should I live? It no longer seems possible to avoid failing simply by

being conscientiousand working hardthe formula our parents, and their parents, took to the

bank.

There are failures and there are Failures, but the differences between bankruptcy and financialdiminishment, divorceand marital strife, spiritualcrisis and anomie are distinctions of degree, notkind. And they are connected. Woe in one sphere strains the seams of others. It's not pretty. Andthat's why failure is somethingNext comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have agood deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding theVedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata andUpasarga.

Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods andseasons of the year like the new andfull moon days etc.

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukraor Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercuryover Atharva-Veda.PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),

Bhavishya (14,500),


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Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.

Excerpts from V. A. K. Ayer sHindu Sastras and SamskarasCompilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA-PURANASThere are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:

It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537Sutras in 5 chapters.

Vaiseshika Sastra:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things likeDravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.

Mimamsa Sastra:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa orVedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with Athatho-Brahma-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.

Sankhya Sastra:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge ofthe difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of validknowledge.

Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atoms

are of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have agood deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding theVedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata andUpasarga.



4/142

Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.

There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.


First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,

Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.

Ex

cerpts from V. A. K. Ayer sHindu Sastras and SamskarasCompilation By: SAVECA Canada


Nyaya Sastra:

It deals with the analysis of the mental process of knowing. It consists of about 537

Sutras in 5 chapters.



Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with Athatho-Brahma-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.

In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.


5/142


Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, body

and emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe



Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovi

des a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.


First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu

(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.


UPA


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-PURANASThere are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe


Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and

seasons of the year like the new andfull moon days etc.


Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukraor Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercury


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over Atharva-Veda.PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.

Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:




Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamas

become Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe


8/142


9/142


Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with Athatho-

Brahma-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.


Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4

kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe


Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods and

seasons of the year like the new andfull moon days etc.



First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda

(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.


10/142

Excerpts from V. A. K. Ayer s

Hindu Sastras and SamskarasCompilation By: SAVECA Canada


Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamas




Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly different


11/142

manner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV

edic methodology.


First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),

Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:


Vaiseshika Sastra:This science helps us to get a clear knowledge of the six-fold type of existing things like

Dravya, Guna, Karma etc. This science recognizes the scripture.


Brahma Sutra:


Sankhya Sastra:The text is in 6 chapters. The goal of life according to this sastra is to get absolutefreedom from the 3 kinds of miseries from a knowledge of

the difference betweenPrakriti and Purusha. This science recognizes the scriptures as a source of validknowledge.


12/142

Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kinds

of the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe








Ex



13/142


Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:






Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. This

provides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theV


14/142

edic methodology.


First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:




are of 4kinds


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manner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.





Nyaya Sastra:



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Mimamsa Sastra

:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa orVedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:




Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have a

good deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding theVedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata andUpasarga.






Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu


17/142

(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:






Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.


18/142

Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods andseasons of the year like the new andfull moon days etc.


manner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.





Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:

It consists of 4 chapters. It starts with Athatho-Brahma


19/142

-Jignyasa. The object of Mimamsa Sastra is to explain the process of realizing the identity of Jiva and Brahman.In the first, the world is taken as eteranally dynamic while in the second it is phenomenal.






Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta

the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.




Excerpts from V. A. K. Ayer sHindu Sastras and Samskaras


20/142

Compilation By: SAVECA Canada

UPA-PURANASThere are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,

Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:









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Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4

kinds


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Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to performVedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Nirukta

the ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.


First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain

5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:



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Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra

:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe

Next comes the Vedic limb called Nirukta. This science explains the etymology of thewords contained in Vedic mantras as they have agood deal to do with their practicalapplication. It is said that Nirukta is the sine qua non for understanding theVedas.Vedic words are explained by dividing thein into 4 classes: Nama, Akyhata, Nipata and

Upasarga.





First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),

Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),


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Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.



Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:




are of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamasbecome Mahat, Ahankara and develop into the universe




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Ex



Nyaya Sastra:





Brahma Sutra:




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Jyotisha is used for both the sciences of astronomy and astrology.Next comes the Kalpa. The need for this arose because the followers of the differentShakahas or branches of the Vedas had to perform

Vedic rites in a slightly differentmanner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.There is another kind of text relating to the Vedas called Anukramanika or Indices. Thisprovides a list of Deities, Metres etc, of the different parts of Vedas. There are, again,some Vedic Koshas or lexicons otherthen Nirukta, which are very useful in theinterpretation of Vedic mantras. Thus, we have a comprehensive set of literature on theVedic methodology.

Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukraor Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercuryover Atharva-Veda.

PURANAS



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UPA-

PURANASThere are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:







manner.According to Bhaskaracharya, Vyakarana or Sabda is the face, Jyotisha is eyes, Niruktathe ears, Siksha the nose, Kalpa the hands, and Chandas as the feet of Veda Purusha.


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Four planets are said to preside over the Vedas: Guru or Jupiter over the Rig Veda; Sukra

or Venus over the Yajur Veda; Mangal or Mars over Sama-Veda and Budha or Mercuryover Atharva-Veda.PURANAS

First among the supplementary angas comes the Puranas. The essential character of Puranas has been defined that they should contain5 essential features viz., Sarga,Pratisarga, Vamsa, Manvantara and Vamsanucharitra.Puranas are 18 in number viz., Brahma (10,000 verses), Padma (55,000),Vishnu(23,000), Shiva (24,000), Bhagawata (18,000), Linga (11,000), Varaha (24,000),Naradiya (25,000), Markandeya (9,000), Agni (15,400),Bhavishya (14,500),Brahmavaivarta (18,000), Skanda (81,100), Vamana (10,000), Kurma (17,000), Mathsaya(14,000), Garuda (19,000), and Brahmanda(12,000).

Sage Badarayana or Vyasa as he is otherwise called, is credited with the authorship ofthese Puranas.


UPA-PURANAS

There are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:



Mimamsa Sastra

:It is of 2 kinds: the Karma (or poorva) Mimamsa and Sharirika (or uttara) Mimamsa orVedanta. It consists of 12 chapters.

Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra


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:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of mind, bodyand emotions etc., forms the subjectmatter of the eight-fold steps taught in this sastra. The philosophical views of thephysical world in Indiansastras are of 3 kinds. They are known by the names of Arambha Vada, ParinamaVada and Vaivartha Vada. According to them atomsare of 4kindsof the earth, water, light and air. They become molecules and gradually growinto the universe. Mimamsakas hold that the triple gunas,Satwa, Rajas and Tamas



Next comes Chandas Sastra, the science that deals with the prosody of Vedic Mantras.Next comes the Jyotisha. The need for it arose by reason of the fact that the VedicKarmas had to be performed at certain periods andseasons of the year like the new and

full moon days etc.





UPA-

PURANASThere are 18 Upa-Puranas or sub-Puranas. Following are their names: Sanatkumara,Narasimha, Nandikeshwara,Shivadharma, Durvasa, Narada, Kapila, Manava, Ushanasa,


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Brahma, Varuna, Kali, Vasistha, Linga, Samba, Soura, Parasara, Maricha and Garga.

Nyaya Sastra:




Brahma Sutra:



Yoga Sastra:The Yoga system explains the practical side of Sankhya. It consists of 194 sutras in 4parts. Control of character by control of min

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