word jumble game in python

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Guide to Programming with

Python

Chapter Four for Loops, Strings, and Tuples: The Word

Jumble Game


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Guide to Programming with Python 2

Objectives

• Construct for loops to move through a sequence

• Use the range() function to create a sequence of

integers

• reat strings as sequences

• Use tuples to harness the power of sequences

• Use sequence functions and operators

• !nde" and slice sequences


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Guide to Programming with Python #

he $ord %umble Game

&igure '()* +ample run of the $ord %umble game

his jumble loo,s -difficult(.


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Guide to Programming with Python '

Using for /oops

• for loop

0 /i,e while loop1 repeats a loop body

0 Unli,e while loop1 doesnt repeat based on condition

0 3epeats loop body for each element in a sequence

0 4nds when it reaches end of the sequence

0 e(g(1 go through sequence of game titles and print

each


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he /oopy +tring Program

&igure '(2* +ample run of the /oopy +tring program

6 for loop goes through a word1 one character at a time(


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Understanding for /oops

• Sequence: 6n ordered list of elements

• Element: 6 single item in a sequence

• Iterate: o move through a sequence1 in order

• /ist of your top8ten movies

0 6 sequence

0 4ach element is a movie title

0 o iterate over would be to go through each title1 inorder


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• for loop iterates over a sequence: performs loop

body for each element

• ;uring each iteration1 loop variable gets ne"t

element• !n loop body1 something usually done with loop

variable



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Guide to Programming with Python >



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Guide to Programming with Python ?

Counting with a for /oop

• Can use for loop to count

• Can use in combination with range() function


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Guide to Programming with Python )@

he Counter Program

&igure '(#* +ample run of the Counter program

Using a for loop1 counts forward1 by fives1 and bac,ward(


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Guide to Programming with Python ))

he range() &unction

>>> range(5)

[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

>>> range(0, 50, 5)

[0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45]

• 3eturns a sequence of integers in range

• range(i) returns sequence 0 through i – 1• range(i, j) returns sequence i through j – 1

• range(i, j, k) returns sequence i to j - 11 step k


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Guide to Programming with Python )2

Counting &orward1 Ay &ives1 and

Aac,wards

# o!nting forward

for i in range(10):

print i,

# o!nting " fi$e%

for i in range(0, 50, 5):

print i,

# o!nting "a&ward%

for i in range(10, 0, '1):

print i,


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Guide to Programming with Python )#

Using +equence Operators and

&unctions with +trings

• Python has functions and operators that wor, with

sequences

• Can tell you things such as

0 /ength of sequence 0 !f contains specific element


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Guide to Programming with Python )'

he Bessage 6nalyer Program

&igure '('* +ample run of the Bessage 6nalyer program

len() function and in operator produce information about a message(


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Using the len() function

>>> len(a*e +$er)

10

• a,es a sequence• 3eturns the number of elements

• !n strings1 every character counts 0 spaces and

punctuation


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Using the in Operator

>>> e in a*e +$er

-r!e

• ests for element membership 0 3eturns -r!e if element is in sequence

0 3eturns .al%e otherwise


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!nde"ing +trings

• Sequential access: 6ccess in order

• Random access: ;irect access to any element

• Indexing: Process used to access a specific

element of a sequence

• Member: 6n element of a sequence

• Python allows for random access to sequences


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Guide to Programming with Python )>

he 3andom 6ccess Program

&igure '(5* +ample run of the 3andom 6ccess program

Dou can directly access any character in a string through inde"ing(


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Guide to Programming with Python )?

$or,ing with Positive Position

Eumbers

>>> word / inde

>>> word[3]

e

• Use brac,ets and position number to inde"

• !nde"ing for positive position numbers starts at 0

• /ength of sequence minus one is last position

• 6ttempt to access beyond last position results inerror


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Guide to Programming with Python 2@

$or,ing with Eegative Position

Eumbers

>>> word / inde

>>> word['2]

e

• Can use negative position numbers

• +tart at end of sequence with position number* –1

• 4nd at first element1 with position number* negative

sequence length


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Guide to Programming with Python 2)

Positive and Eegative Position

Eumbers

&igure '(7* +equence !nde"ing


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+tring !mmutability

>>> word / ga*e

>>> word[0] / l

-perror: o"et doe% not %!pport ite* a%%ign*ent

• Mutable: Changeable

• Immutable: Unchangeable

• +trings are immutable sequences: cant be

changed• Aut can create new strings from e"isting ones


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Guide to Programming with Python 2#

+tring !mmutability


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Guide to Programming with Python 2'

Auilding a Eew +tring

• CanFt modify an e"isting string

• Aut can build


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he Eo Howels Program

&igure '(>* +ample run of Eo Howels program

Eew strings are created through concatenation(


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Constants

+67 / aeio!

• onstant: Eame associated with value not meant

to be changed• Convention is to use all uppercase variable names

• Can ma,e programs clearer

• +aves retyping


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Creating Eew +trings from 4"isting

Ones

new8*e%%age 9/ letter

• Concatenation creates brand8new string

• 3emember1 strings are immutable• +o1 new8*e%%age becomes the newly created string

resulting from concatenation


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Guide to Programming with Python 2>

+licing +trings

• Slice: Copy of continuous section of a sequence

• Can ma,e slices


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Guide to Programming with Python 2?

he Pia +licer Program

&igure '(?* +ample run of the Pia +licer program

&resh1 hot slices of pia1 made just the way you as,ed(


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Guide to Programming with Python #@

one

• 3epresenting nothing

• Ba,es a good placeholder for a value

• 4valuates to .al%e when treated as a condition


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Guide to Programming with Python #)

+licing

&igure '()@* +licing end points

6n e"ample of slicing end point numbers for the string pi;;a(

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.




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Guide to Programming with Python #2

+licing >> word / pi;;a

>>> print word[0:5]

pi;;a

>>> print word[1:3]

i;

>>> print word['4:3]

i;

• Can give start and end position• +lice is a brand8new sequence


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Guide to Programming with Python ##

+licing >> word / pi;;a

>>> word[:4]

pi;;

>>> word[2:]

;;a

>>> word[:]

pi;;a

• Can omit the beginning point• Can omit the ending point

• sequence[:] is copy of sequence


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Guide to Programming with Python #'

Creating uples

• !uple: !mmutable sequence of values of any type

• Could have tuple of integers for a high score list1

for e"ample

• uples elements donFt need to all be of same type


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he Ieros !nventory Program

&igure '())* +ample run of the Ieros !nventory Program

he heros inventory is represented by a tuple of strings(


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uple Aasics

• Creating an 4mpty uplein$entor / ()

• reating a uple as a Condition

if not in$entor:print


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uple Aasics


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Guide to Programming with Python #>

Using uples

• uples are a ,ind of sequence


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Guide to Programming with Python #?

he Ieros !nventory 2(@

&igure '()2* +ample run of the Ieros !nventory program

;emonstrates inde"ing1 slicing1 and concatenating tuples


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Guide to Programming with Python '@

Using len() and in with uples

• he len() function with tuples

0 %ust as with strings1 returns number of elements

print


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Guide to Programming with Python ')

!nde"ing uples

&igure '()#* 4ach element has a corresponding position number(

4ach string is a single element in the tuple(


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Guide to Programming with Python '2

+licing uples

&igure '()'* +licing positions defined between elements

uple slicing wor,s much li,e string slicing(





QuickTime™ and a de compressor

are needed to se e this picture.



QuickTime™and a decompressor

areneeded to see this picture.


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Guide to Programming with Python '#

uple !mmutability

>>> in$entor / (%word, ar*or, %hield,

healing potion)

>>> in$entor[0] / "attlea

-perror: o"et doe%nt %!pport ite* a%%ign*ent

• uples are immutable

• Aut can create new tuples from e"isting ones


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Guide to Programming with Python ''

Concatenating uples

>>> in$entor / (%word, ar*or, %hield,

healing potion)

>>> he%t / (gold, ge*%)

>>> in$entor 9/ he%t

>>> print in$entor

(%word, ar*or, %hield, healing potion,

gold, ge*%)

• Concatenation operator1 91 wor,s with tuples justli,e with strings


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3eview wordJjumble(py


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+ummary

• 6n ordered list of elements is called whatK

0 6 sequence

• o move through a sequence1 in order1 is called whatK

0 !terate• $hen a for loop iterates over a sequence1 how many

times does it perform its loop bodyK

0 6s many times as there are elements in the sequence

• $hat would range(20,10,'2) returnK– [20, 1?, 1@, 14, 12]

• $hat would len(range(20,10,'2)) returnK– 5


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+ummary


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+ummary

word jumble game in python

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