woodland
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1. American beech Fagus grandifolia 26. hawthorn species Crataegus species 2. American elm Ulmus americana 27. Kentucky coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus 3. American holly Ilex opaca 28. loblolly pine Pinus taeda 4. baldcypress Taxodium distichum 29. northern red oak Quercus rubra 5. basswood Tilia americana 30. Osage-orange Maclura pomifera 6. black cherry Prunus serotina 31. paper birch Betula papyrifera 7. black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 32. pin oak Quercus palustris 8. black maple Acer nigrum 33. red maple Acer rubrum 9. black oak Quercus velutina 34. scarlet oak Quercus coccinea 10. black walnut Juglans nigra 35. shellbark hickory Carya laciniosa 11. blue ash Fraxinus quadrangulata 36. Shumard oak Quercus shumardii 12. bur oak Quercus macrocarpa 37. silver maple Acer saccharinum 13. cherrybark oak Quercus pagoda 38. slippery elm Ulmus rubra 14. chestnut oak Quercus montana 39. sugar maple Acer saccharum 15. Chinese elm * Ulmus parvifolia 40. sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua 16. chinkapin oak Quercus muehlenbergii 41. sycamore Platanus occidentalis 17. common hackberry Celtis occidentalis 42. thornless honey locust Gleditsia triacanthos var. 18. persimmon Diospyros virginiana 43. tulip-poplar Liriodendron tulipifera 19. cottonwood Populus deltoides 44. weeping Alaskan-cedar* Chamaecyparis nootkatensis 20. cucumber magnolia Magnolia acuminata 45. white ash Fraxinus americana 21. dawn redwood * Metasequoia glyptostroboides 46. white oak Quercus alba 22. eastern redbud Cercis canadensis 47. yellowwood Cladrastis kentukea 23. eastern white pine Pinus strobus 24. European weeping birch * Betula pendula 25. green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica
TREES ARE IDENTIFIED BY COMMON AND BOTANICAL NAMES AND NUMBERED FOR LOCATION ON THE MAP
* Species not native to this region or North America
36 27
41 5
43 30 10 7 8 46 3 11
29 4
21 17
34 23
Produced for: FOR 599 GIS in Natural Resources, Fall 2010 Instructor: Dr. Songlin Fei
For more information please contact Dr. Fei at [email protected] The project is supported by Lexington Urban Forestry Program, University of Kentucky Department of Forestry, KentuckyView, and Hewlett-Packard Inc. Images courtesy of John Seiler Virginia Tech: Department of Forest
Resources and Environmental Conservation. Special thanks to Robert Paratley for tree identification verification.
1. Am
erican beech - Fagu
s grandifolia. A long lived eastern deciduous tree,
useful for its wood quality and production of nuts valuable to w
ildlife diets. O
lder, large trees are often hollow and w
ere once used comm
only as culverts in road building.
2. Am
erican elm
- Ulm
us am
ericana . A
deciduous species, most com
mon to
bottomlands, w
idely distributed across central and eastern North A
merica.
The spread of D
utch elm disease has greatly reduced the prevalence and use
of Am
erican elms in the landscape.
3. Am
erican h
olly - Ilex opaca. A popular landscape plant since the begin-
ning of Am
erican history, this broad-leafed evergreen has served a variety of uses through the years. T
he wood has been used for m
aking canes, scroll w
ork and furniture, and has even been substituted for ebony in inlay work
when stained black.
4. baldcypress - Taxodiu
m distich
um
. Baldcypress is a deciduous conifer
comm
on to low lying, often sw
ampy terrain in the U
.S. southeast. T
he wood
of trees is rot resistant - slow grow
ing, mature baldcypress can live to be sev-
eral thousand years old.
5. Am
erican b
asswood
- Tilia am
ericana. A
merican bassw
ood is a decidu-ous tree of m
any uses. The relatively soft w
ood is valued for hand carving. T
he flower nectar m
akes choice honey, and the seeds, buds, and twigs are
eaten by a variety of wildlife. In addition to the m
any uses mentioned above,
Am
erican basswood's big, soft, papery leaves are the w
oodsman's friend.
6. black
cherry - Pru
nu
s serotina . B
lack cherry is one of the most prized
hardwoods of eastern and central U
.S. forests. B
lack cherry leaves, twigs, and
bark contain a cyanide precurser that is released whenever plant tissue is dam
-aged (e.g., w
ilted). Because of this black cherry trees are potentially lethal to
livestock.
7. black
locust - Robin
ia pseudoacacia . B
lack locust is a tenacious eastern species, com
monly found as a pioneer on disturbed sites. Its ability to "fix"
atmospheric nitrogen and grow
rapidly have led to its use for land reclama-
tion.
8. black
map
le - Acer n
igrum
. Alm
ost identical in use and range to sugar m
aple. How
ever this is a separate species identified by darker bark, wilted
looking leaves, and small stipules (leaflets).
9. black
oak - Quercus velutina. B
lack oak is a widely distributed eastern
deciduous species, offering useful timber and acorn production for w
ildlife. B
lack oak can be found growing on a variety of sites, from
dry ridges to moist
coves.
10. black
waln
ut - Juglan
s nigra. B
lack walnut is one of the m
ost prized and valuable of N
orth Am
erican hardwoods. T
he wood is fam
ous for its rich, dark beauty and is coveted by w
ood dealers and woodw
orkers internationally. The
nuts are enjoyed by squirrels, as well as people.
11. blue ash - Fraxin
us qu
adrangu
lata . Large com
mon native tree. S
avan-nah tree form
erly abundant in the Bluegrass. S
quare twigs. H
istorically used to m
ake blue dye.
12. bur oak - Quercus m
acrocarpa . Bur oak is a very drought-tough tree
comm
on to dry uplands, sandy plains, and prairie grasslands. The w
ood is com
mercially valuable and acorn production benefits w
ildlife. Bur oaks are
relatively easy to grow and are often used for shade trees, or shelterbelt plant-
ings.
21. dawn redw
ood - Metasequ
oia glyptostroboides . Deciduous conifer
known only by fossil rem
ains until 1941. Fern-like foliage. H
as a pyramidal
form. R
apid grower that w
ill tolerate wet sites.
22. eastern redbud - Cercis can
adensis. S
mall understory tree w
ith heart-shaped leaves and purplish-pink (or w
hite) flowers borne along the bare
branches in early spring.
23. eastern white pine - P
inu
s strobus . E
astern white pine is a valuable and
versatile tree native to the eastern U.S. and the eastern provinces of C
anada. F
ast growth enhances eastern w
hite pine's practicality for timber, landscaping,
and reforestation purposes. Eastern w
hite pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long, and occur in bundles of 5.
24. Eu
ropean
weepin
g birch
- Betu
la pendu
la . An exotic birch tree w
ith characteristic w
eeping branches.
37. silver map
le - Acer saccharinum
. A m
edium sized tree com
monly found
along the banks of water bodies and floodplains. It is often planted as an orna-
mental due its fast grow
th, fine foliage and fall color. Susceptibility to ice and
snow breakage and invasive rooting tendencies m
ake its use in urban situa-tions questionable.
38. slipp
ery elm - U
lmu
s rubra. Is a native tree sim
ilar to Am
erican Elm
but it has a different branching pattern, and its heartw
ood is reddish-brown giving
it its other comm
on name, red elm
.
39. sugar m
aple - A
cer saccharum. In the cool-m
oist eastern regions where
it grows, it is both com
mercially im
portant and aesthetically loved. Sugar
maple is com
monly planted as an ornam
ental because of its potential for fan-tastic bright orange fall foliage. Sugar m
aple is the classic maple syrup pro-
vider. It's wood is very hard.
40. sweetgum
- Liqu
idambar styraciflu
a . Sw
eetgum is an im
portant com-
mercial hardw
ood in the U.S
. southeast, where it occurs naturally on bottom
-land sites. In addition, it has proven very com
petitive in a variety of other sites, soils, and m
oisture regimes. It can be easily recognized by its star-
shaped leaves.
41. sycamore - P
latanu
s occidentalis . Sycam
ore is a large, deciduous species of w
ide distribution across the eastern and central U.S
. Sycamore's eye-
catching white and gray exfoliating bark has led to considerable ornam
ental use. Sycam
ore produces biomass m
ore rapidly than most other trees and de-
velops into one of the most m
assive trees in the East.
42. thorn
less hon
ey locust - Gleditsia triacan
thos var. A
thornless variation of the native H
oney Locust.
43. tulip
-pop
lar - Lirioden
dron tu
lipifera. Yellow
-poplar is a tall, fast grow-
ing, beautiful deciduous tree of eastern forests. Its name is a m
isnomer: it is
not a poplar but a relative of the magnolias. Y
ellow-poplar is valued for its
soft, versatile wood, and typically straight, lim
b-free trunk. It is the state tree of K
entucky.
44. weeping A
laskan cedar - Cham
aecyparis nootkaten
sis. An ornam
ental cedar native to A
laska, Canada, and N
orth Western U
nited States.
45. white ash - F
raxinu
s american
a. White ash is a useful hardw
ood of eastern U
.S. forests. T
he dense, durable wood is used for various products and
the winged seeds provide food for w
ildlife. Juice made from
the leaves gives topical relief to m
osquito bite swelling and itching.
46. white oak
- Quercus alba. W
hite oak is a deciduous species of wide dis-
tribution across the eastern U.S
. It is renowned for its quality w
ood, acorn production for w
ildlife, and picturesque stature in old age. The w
ood is used for "tight cooperage" and w
as used for whiskey barrels.
47. yelloww
ood - Cladrastis ken
tukea. T
he Am
erican Yellow
wood can put
on one of the most spectacular flow
ering displays of any tree species. The
color is normally w
hite, but can be pink.
32. pin
oak - Q
uercus palustris. Strongly pyram
idal growth habit w
ith de-scending low
er branches. Intolerant of drought and high soil pH.
33. red m
aple - A
cer rubrum. O
ne of the most abundant and w
idespread of eastern N
orth Am
erican deciduous trees. Red m
aple's ability to thrive in a w
ide range of wet to dry conditions surpasses the tolerance capabilities of
perhaps all other species. The foliage turns brilliant red or yellow
in the fall.
34. scarlet oak - Q
uercus coccinea . An eastern species com
monly found on
dry upland slopes and ridges. It is useful for timber products and w
ildlife sustenance. Scarlet oak has also been planted w
idely as a shade tree for its ability to w
ithstand dry conditions and its reliable scarlet autumn color.
35. shellb
ark h
ickory - C
arya laciniosa. N
ative hickory tree characterized by flaking bark in large strips. It is sim
ilar in appearance to shagbark hickory and both trees are used for tim
ber and provide food for wildlife.
36. Sh
um
ard oak
- Qu
ercus sh
um
ardii. Sim
ilar in growth form
, habit, and uses to N
orthern Red O
ak. These tw
o oaks may be indistinguishable to the
untrained eye.
25. green ash
- Fraxin
us pen
nsylvan
ica . Green ash is the m
ost widely dis-
tributed of North A
merican ashes. F
ound growing naturally in m
oist bottom-
lands and along stream banks, it has proven itself capable of tolerating a
wider range of environm
ents, and is planted widely.
26. hawthorn species - C
rataegus species. Haw
thorn is a small, thorny tree,
attractive in flower, and valuable to w
ildlife for its fruit. Haw
thorn as a genus is com
prised of many species, and not all of the species grow
ing in North
Am
erica are native to this continent.
27. Ken
tuck
y coffeetree - Gym
nocladu
s dioicus. Native tree nam
ed because early pioneers m
ade a poor coffee substitute form its seeds. L
arge doubly com
pound leaves lead to few branchlets giving the tree a rugged appearance
in winter. B
ark has recurved scale-like ridges that help in identification.
28. loblolly p
ine - P
inu
s taeda. Loblolly pine is the m
ost important com
mer-
cial timber species in the U
.S. southeast. It accounts for more than one-half of
the standing pine volume in this region. L
oblolly's needles are 6 to 9 inches long and grow
in bundles of 3.
29. northern red oak - Quercus rubra . N
orthern red oak is an eastern spe-cies capable of tolerating a range of sites. G
enerally, northern red oak is found on relatively m
oist sites with deep, rich soils. T
he wood of northern red oak
comm
ands high value. The species also provides acorns for w
ildlife and shade for suburban streets and law
ns.
30. Osage-orange - M
aclura pom
ifera . Due to its thorny nature and grape-
fruit sized fruit this tree is little planted or desired for ornamental use. P
rior generations found m
any uses for this tree. Farmers planted it as a living fence.
Native A
mericans use the tough flexible w
ood for bows; the w
ood is very decay resistant and is used for posts.
31. pap
er birch - B
etula papyrifera. P
aper birch has the most extensive
range of the North A
merican birches. It is a northern species, occurring from
coast to coast across C
anada, and extending well into A
laska. It is easily iden-tified by the vibrant w
hite exfoliating bark of mature trees.
16. chink
apin
oak - Q
uercus muehlenbergii . U
rban tolerant tree. Develops
an open spreading crown w
ith maturity. V
ery long lived. It provides timber
and food for wildlife.
17. comm
on hackberry - Celtis occiden
talis. Large tree. Susceptible to m
any insects and pests. G
ood for park and large area use.
18. persim
mon
- Diospyros virgin
iana . C
omm
on persimm
on is a slow grow
-ing, deciduous species of the U
.S. southeast. T
he fruits of this tree are enjoyed by hum
ans and wildlife alike. F
ruits must be eaten after the first frost or they
will cause severe m
outh puckering. Persim
mon flow
ers are useful in the pro-duction of honey.
19. cottonwood
- Popu
lus deltoids . A
fast growing but relatively short-lived
species found along waterw
ays and bottomlands. T
wo varieties are recog-
nized: eastern cottonwood and plains cottonw
ood. Both varieties are valued
for their ability to rapidly provide shelter from w
ind and sun, and material for
wood and pulp products.
20. cucu
mb
er magn
olia - Magnolia acu
min
ata. Fast grow
ing deciduous tree. P
roduces attractive magnolia type flow
ers.
13. cherrybark oak - Qu
ercus pagoda. C
herrybark oak is a highly desirable tim
ber species comm
on to moist bottom
lands in the U.S
. southeast. Cherry-
bark oak often grows large and straight, and provides hard, strong w
ood. It also produces acorns for w
ildlife and makes a fine shade tree.
14. chestnu
t oak - Q
uercus montana . C
omm
on in the Appalachian m
oun-tains and nearby regions, often found grow
ing on dry, rocky, infertile slopes and ridges. T
he lumber of chestnut oak is sold and used as w
hite oak. Acorns
are eaten by a variety of wildlife species.
15. Chinese elm
- Ulm
us parvifolia. A
n exotic species of elm that is highly
resistant to the Dutch E
lm D
isease. Planted as an ornamental and street tree.
WO
OD
LAN
D P
AR
K
TR
EE
TR
AIL
Created
by:
Ellery S
. Watson
and
Sarah
K. S
hew
maker