wood and acousticsslide 54 wood works: beyond aesthetics: acoustics ccnel •community noise...

Corporate Office: Regional Office: Regional Office:

Castro Valley, California Burbank, California

Morrisville, North Carolina

Tel: 510-886-7826Tel: 818-569-0234Tel: 919-463-9995

Wood and Acoustics

The Acoustical Impact of Mixed Use Projects

on Multi-Family Housing

or

Has Your Firm Been Sued Yet!

Presented by: Thorburn Associates Inc.

Steven J. Thorburn, PE, LEED-AP [email protected]

Wood Works: Beyond Aesthetics: Acoustics

Corporate Office: Castro Valley, California Tel: 510-886-7826

Regional Office: Burbank, California Tel: 818-569-0234

Regional Office: Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina Tel: 919-493-9995

TA Copyright 2009

Wood Works: Beyond Aesthetics: AcousticsSlide 31


Mixed Use / Multi-family HousingMixed Use / Multi-family Housing

• Outside use criteria

• Inside use criteria

• Unit to unit criteria

• Walls /Floor ceilings

• Plumbing noise

• Commercial to Housing

• Lot Line Noise from building sources

• Outside use criteria

• Inside use criteria

• Unit to unit criteria

• Walls /Floor ceilings

• Plumbing noise

• Commercial to Housing

• Lot Line Noise from building sources


ACOUSTICAL ACOUSTICAL

CODESCODES





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Entry Level Acoustical Codes?Entry Level Acoustical Codes?


How about Market Rate Code?How about Market Rate Code?


So What Is The Luxury CodeSo What Is The Luxury Code





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IBCIBC

• Weaker than UBC

• Requires STC 50 / IIC 50 design

• or FSTC 45 / FIIC 45 in situ.

• This is IT! just Code Compliant!

Nothing on quality of life.

• UBC also required 45 Ldn inside

• Weaker than UBC

• Requires STC 50 / IIC 50 design

• or FSTC 45 / FIIC 45 in situ.

• This is IT! just Code Compliant!

Nothing on quality of life.

• UBC also required 45 Ldn inside


Code Compliant .. Lowest level

STC 50 / IIC 50Market Rate Housing

STC 55 / IIC 55Luxury Rate Housing

STC 60+ / IIC 60+ -- IIC 60+ very hard with wood or

tile

HUD Rules of Thumb from 1962

HUD Rules of Thumb from 1962





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So why does it all matter?

So why does it all matter?






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Oakland Noise ElementOakland Noise Element

Slide 45

Table 17.120.01: MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE RECEIVING

NOISE LEVEL STANDARDS, dBA – Residential and Civic

Cumulative Number of Minutes in Either the Daytime or

Nighttime One Hour Time Period

Minutes in an

Hour

Daytime

7 am – 10 pm

Night time

10 pm – 7 am

20 60 dBA 45

10 65 50

5 70 55

1 75 60

0 80 65





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Foster City Noise ElementFoster City Noise Element

Slide 46

The noise environment in existing residential

areas is required to be protected. The City

will require mitigation measures for projects

that would cause the Ldn to increase by 3

dBA or more where noise levels would

exceed or currently exceed 60 dBA Ldn.


Foster City Cont.Foster City Cont.

Slide 47

Table V. H-3: Noise and Land Use Compatibility

Standards for Industrial and Commercial Noise

Sources

Minutes in an

Hour

Daytime

7 am – 10 pm

Night time

10 pm – 7 am

30 50 dBA 45

15 55 50

5 60 55

1 65 60

0 70 65


City Of Irvine Noise ElementCity Of Irvine Noise Element

Slide 48

Table F-1: Interior and Exterior Noise Standards Energy

Average (CNEL) For Residential Land Use

Uses Interior

(CNEL)

Exterior

(CNEL)

Single- Family

Multiple- Family

45 (55)1 65

Mobile Home 65

1. Noise requirement with window open if they are used to meet

natural ventilation requirement!





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LeqLeq• The equivalent steady-state A-weighted

sound level that, in a stated period of

time, would contain the same acoustic

energy as the time-varying sound level

during the same time period.

• The equivalent steady-state A-weighted

sound level that, in a stated period of

time, would contain the same acoustic

energy as the time-varying sound level

during the same time period.





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A-WEIGHTED SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL dB SPL

15 MINUTE NOISE MEASUREMENTS INSIDE SENIOR HOUSING ROOM


LdnLdn• Day/Night Sound Level (Ldn).

• A descriptor established by the Environmental Protection Agency for the 24-hour average A-weighted noise level.

• Sound levels during the hours from 10:00 pm to 7:00 am, hours which people are more sensitive to noise, are penalized 10 decibels (dB). A 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived by people to be twice as loud.

• Day/Night Sound Level (Ldn).

• A descriptor established by the Environmental Protection Agency for the 24-hour average A-weighted noise level.

• Sound levels during the hours from 10:00 pm to 7:00 am, hours which people are more sensitive to noise, are penalized 10 decibels (dB). A 10 dB increase in sound level is perceived by people to be twice as loud.


CNELCNEL• Community noise equivalent level

• A descriptor for the 24-hour a-weighted average noise level.

• Accounts for the increased acoustical sensitivity of people to noise during the evening and nighttime hours.

• Sound levels during the hours from 7:00 pm To 10:00 pm, are penalized 5 dB; Sound levels during the hours from 10:00 pm To 7:00 am, are penalized 10 dB.

• Community noise equivalent level

• A descriptor for the 24-hour a-weighted average noise level.

• Accounts for the increased acoustical sensitivity of people to noise during the evening and nighttime hours.

• Sound levels during the hours from 7:00 pm To 10:00 pm, are penalized 5 dB; Sound levels during the hours from 10:00 pm To 7:00 am, are penalized 10 dB.





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Composite TL of Exterior WallComposite TL of Exterior Wall

Wall

TL = 10 Log1

τ45 = 10 Log

1

τ4.5 = Log

1

τ= 10 4.51

ττ = 10 –4.5

Window

TL = 10 Log1

τ20 = 10 Log

1

τ20 = Log

1

τ= 10 2

1

ττ = 10 -2

STC could be substituted for TL





TA Copyright 2009


Composite TL of Exterior WallComposite TL of Exterior Wall

= 10 Log 100

(10-4.5 x 60 + 10-2 x 40)

= 10 Log 100

(.0000316*60 +.01*40 )

= 10 Log (249)

= 10 x 2.4 = 24 dB

Composite TL = 10 Log ( )ΣS

ΣτS


Sound and Impact IsolationSound and Impact Isolation

•Walls

•Doors

• Floors and Ceilings

•Windows

•Walls

•Doors

• Floors and Ceilings

•Windows


STC NR FSTC TL IIC FIIC EIEIOSTC NR FSTC TL IIC FIIC EIEIO





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Sound Isolation Sound Isolation

• Sound is blocked by partitions

with mass.

• Sound can be blocked by two

light weight partitions separated

by a large air space.

• Sound is blocked by partitions

with mass.

• Sound can be blocked by two

light weight partitions separated

by a large air space.


Sound Impinging on a StructureSound Impinging on a Structure

Ii

Ir

ItIa


STC 50/55 Wall DetailSTC 50/55 Wall Detail

Slide 63





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STC ?? WallSTC ?? Wall

Slide 64


Sound IsolationSound Isolation

•A chain is only as strong as its

weakest link.

•A chain is only as strong as its

weakest link.


Transmission Loss -- 50 dBTransmission Loss -- 50 dB

ALL BRICK - COMPOSITE TL 50 dB

100 dB 50 dB





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1/4 GLASS - COMPOSITE TL 26 dB

100 dB 74 dB



ALL GLASS - COMPOSITE TL 20 dB

100 dB 80 dB


LeaksLeaks





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LeaksLeaks

Where air can flow...

...so will sound.


Effects of Leaks Effects of Leaks

60

50

40

30

20

1010 20 30 40 50 60 70

Transmission Loss Without Leak (dB)

Tra

nsm

issio

n L

oss W

ith L

eak

(dB

)

1.0

0.1

0.01

0.001

Sound Leak

(% of total surface

area)


OutletOutlet

Gypsum Board

Seal Airtight

Junction Box

Batt Insulation

Outlet Box Pad





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OutletOutlet


Outlet and BlockingOutlet and Blocking


Acoustical Doors and WindowsAcoustical Doors and Windows





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AcousticalDoorsAcousticalDoors

Jamb and Head

Floor

Solid Core

Wood Door


AcousticalWindowsAcousticalWindows






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Impact Isolation Impact Isolation

• Impact noise changes in

materials.

• Impact noise is best controlled

at the source.

• Impact noise changes in

materials.

• Impact noise is best controlled

at the source.


Impact Noise PathsImpact Noise Paths





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Impact IsolationImpact Isolation


Tapping MachineTapping Machine


Impact Isolation ClassImpact Isolation Class• IIC or Impact Isolation Class

• A single figure rating which quantifies the property of a floor/ceiling construction to reduce footfall-generated noise.

• Increasing IIC values correspond to improved impact insulation.

• IIC or Impact Isolation Class

• A single figure rating which quantifies the property of a floor/ceiling construction to reduce footfall-generated noise.

• Increasing IIC values correspond to improved impact insulation.





TA Copyright 2009


6” Slab

with Sheet Vinyl 35 IIC

with Carpet 70 IIC

2” x 10” with Light-weight,

Insulation, and Gypsum Board

on Resilient Channels :


with Carpet 70 IIC

6” Slab


with Carpet 70 IIC

2” x 10” with Light-weight,

Insulation, and Gypsum Board

on Resilient Channels :


with Carpet 70 IIC

Impact Isolation ClassImpact Isolation Class


“Topping Slab”“Topping Slab”


Plumbing NoisePlumbing Noise





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Mixing Valve NoiseMixing Valve Noise


Large Pipe Plumbing IsolationLarge Pipe Plumbing Isolation

Slide 101


PEX SpaghettiPEX Spaghetti





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Priceless:

4.5 inch Pipe System in 3.5 inch stud Cavity!

What Part of Don’t Do This!Did They Not Understand!

Priceless:

4.5 inch Pipe System in 3.5 inch stud Cavity!

What Part of Don’t Do This!Did They Not Understand!


Plumbing Isolation (Foam)Plumbing Isolation (Foam)


Water Hammer NoiseWater Hammer Noise





TA Copyright 2009


Environmental Noise ControlEnvironmental Noise Control

•Outside criteria by local

municipality

•Distance to the noise source

•Barrier or noise control options

•Outside criteria by local

municipality

•Distance to the noise source

•Barrier or noise control options


Vibration IsolationVibration Isolation


Vibration IsolationVibration Isolation





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Electrical IsolationElectrical Isolation


What Part of “Don’t Do This” Did They Not Understand?What Part of “Don’t Do This” Did They Not Understand?


Mechanical System NoiseMechanical System Noise





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Wood Noise Barriers aka lot line fences!Wood Noise Barriers aka lot line fences!

Slide 112


FinishesFinishes

Slide 113


FinishesFinishes

Slide 114





TA Copyright 2009


The Party Goes OnThe Party Goes On


QuestionsQuestions

??????This concludes The American Institute of Architects

Continuing Education Systems Program


Presented By:

Thorburn Associates, Inc

ACOUSTIC AND TECHNOLOGY CONSULTANTS

Designing Quality Environments

Presented By:

Thorburn Associates, Inc

ACOUSTIC AND TECHNOLOGY CONSULTANTS

Designing Quality Environments

The Acoustical Impact

of Mixed Use Projects on

Multi-Family Housing

The Acoustical Impact

of Mixed Use Projects on

Multi-Family Housing

wood and acousticsslide 54 wood works: beyond aesthetics: acoustics ccnel •community noise...

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