Women’s Rights Women’s Rights

1848-19201848-1920

First Wave FeminismFirst Wave Feminism

How did 19How did 19thth century women define women’s century women define women’s rights?rights?

What was the significance of Femecovert?What was the significance of Femecovert?

What issues divided women’s rights What issues divided women’s rights advocates in 1869? advocates in 1869?

How did women’s organizations promote How did women’s organizations promote women’s political participation?women’s political participation?

What issues divided feminists in the 1919?What issues divided feminists in the 1919?

How did 19How did 19thth century women define century women define women’s rights?women’s rights?

Women’s rights was a critique of Women’s rights was a critique of women’s dependence within marriagewomen’s dependence within marriage a call for women full individualitya call for women full individuality regardless of martial status regardless of martial status

FemecovertFemecovert

Sir William Blackstone, in his 1765 authoritative Sir William Blackstone, in his 1765 authoritative legal text, legal text, Commentaries on the Laws of EnglandCommentaries on the Laws of England, , defined coverture: defined coverture: "By marriage, the husband and wife are one "By marriage, the husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being or legal person in law: that is, the very being or legal existence of the woman is suspended during the existence of the woman is suspended during the marriage, or at least incorporated and marriage, or at least incorporated and consolidated into that of the husband: under consolidated into that of the husband: under whose wing, protection, and whose wing, protection, and covercover, she performs , she performs every thing; and is therefore called ... a every thing; and is therefore called ... a feme-feme-covertcovert...." ...."

What was the significance of What was the significance of coverture?coverture?

19th century women who sought to over turn 19th century women who sought to over turn coverture challenged marriage as a legal coverture challenged marriage as a legal and social structure. and social structure.

First as a legal institution created and First as a legal institution created and enforced by law.enforced by law.

Second as an economic institution in which Second as an economic institution in which women were subordinated.women were subordinated.

1848 Seneca Falls Convention1848 Seneca Falls Convention 1848 New York State Married Women’s 1848 New York State Married Women’s

Property RightsProperty Rights 1851 Sojourner Truth 1851 Sojourner Truth 1866 14th Amendment1866 14th Amendment

Path to SuffragePath to Suffrage

1851 Sojourner Truth1851 Sojourner Truth

““I am a woman’s rights [woman]. I have as I am a woman’s rights [woman]. I have as much muscle as any man, and can do as much much muscle as any man, and can do as much work as any man. I have plowed and reaped work as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I have heard much any man do more than that? I have heard much about the sexes being equal; I can carry as about the sexes being equal; I can carry as much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I much as any man, and can eat as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man that is can get it. I am as strong as any man that is now…”now…”

Mid 19Mid 19thth Century Suffrage Debate Century Suffrage Debate

1869 American Woman’s Suffrage 1869 American Woman’s Suffrage Association Association

1869 National Woman’s Suffrage 1869 National Woman’s Suffrage AssociationAssociation

1870 15th Amendment 1870 15th Amendment

Division in Women’s Rights Division in Women’s Rights 18691869

National Woman’s National Woman’s Suffrage AssociationSuffrage Association

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony and Susan B. Anthony

Federal constitutional Federal constitutional amendment for Woman amendment for Woman suffrage, equal pay and suffrage, equal pay and more equitable divorce more equitable divorce law. law.

American Woman’s American Woman’s Suffrage Association Suffrage Association

Lucy Stone and Henry Lucy Stone and Henry BlackwellBlackwell

Middle class focus on Middle class focus on education, professional education, professional advancement, and advancement, and protection of women’s protection of women’s property and state laws property and state laws for enfranchisementfor enfranchisement

Women’s OrganizationsWomen’s Organizations 1874 Woman’s Christian Temperance 1874 Woman’s Christian Temperance

AssociationAssociation 1890 National American Woman’s Suffrage 1890 National American Woman’s Suffrage

AssociationAssociation Women’s Clubs Women’s Clubs Settlement HousesSettlement Houses Municipal HousekeepingMunicipal Housekeeping

2020thth Century Woman’s Rights Century Woman’s Rights

1912 Progressive Party Platform1912 Progressive Party Platform 1916 National Woman’s Party1916 National Woman’s Party 1920 201920 20thth Amendment to the Constitution Amendment to the Constitution

Protective Legislation and Court Protective Legislation and Court CasesCases

Protective Labor Legislation   Protective Labor Legislation   1899 National Consumer League1899 National Consumer League1903 Women’s Trade Union League 1903 Women’s Trade Union League

Protective Labor Court CasesProtective Labor Court CasesUS Supreme Court US Supreme Court Lochner Lochner v.v. New York New York (1905) (1905) Muller Muller v.v. Oregon Oregon (1908) (1908) Adkins Adkins vv. Children’s Hospital. Children’s Hospital (1923) (1923)

2020thth Century Woman’s Rights Century Woman’s Rights

1912 Progressive Party Platform1912 Progressive Party Platform 1916 National Woman’s Party1916 National Woman’s Party 1920 201920 20thth Amendment to the Constitution Amendment to the Constitution

Woman’s RightsWoman’s Rights

Women’s right to individual autonomyWomen’s right to individual autonomy Questions about marriage as an institutionQuestions about marriage as an institution Economic autonomy inside and outside of Economic autonomy inside and outside of

marriagemarriage

Woman’s Suffrage 1919Woman’s Suffrage 1919

National Woman’s Party National Woman’s Party

Alice PaulAlice Paul

FeministFeminist

Anti-WarAnti-War

Public Protest for Public Protest for Congressional Congressional Suffrage AmendmentSuffrage Amendment

Adopted radical Adopted radical strategiesstrategies

NAWSANAWSA

Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt

Social FeministSocial Feminist

Support WarSupport War

Petition Congress for Petition Congress for suffrage amendment &suffrage amendment &

continue state effortscontinue state efforts

Deplored radical tacticsDeplored radical tactics

http://www.archives.gov/education/http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage/lessons/woman-suffrage/

Kaiser Wilson Photograph LessonKaiser Wilson Photograph Lessonhttp://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-shttp://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/woman-suffrage/kaiser-wilson.htmluffrage/kaiser-wilson.html