womens agency in india : geospatial analytics and … · session :implementation: analytics,...

Session :Implementation: Analytics, Intelligence and Derivatives of Geostats Integration for Business and Society

Women’s Agency in India : Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration for Empowering Society

Dr.Seema Mehra Parihar

Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Kirori Mal College University of Delhi

[email protected]

Key Words

Women’s Agency Resources

NRM

GENDER MAINSTREAMING for empowering Society and

upholding SDG’s

Gender Parity

ENTITLEMENT CONFLICTS Analytics and Derivatives of Geostats Integration

A Question of Resources , Entitlement or Conflicts

2/20/2017 2 Geospatial & Statistics : Hyderabad

GENDER

PARITY???

?

? WHY NOW???? Why today in this session 1. Because we all together dream for equality and empowerment

1. We need to understand the idea of Women’s Agency? 2. Spaces of Conflict have multiplied ???

2. We all understand the power of geospatial tools and geostats integration.


Paper is based on Convergence Project (Series 1 & Series 2) & emerging Analytics

82% women thinks internet provides them

FREEDOM

73% women abused online

Principal Investigator: Seema Mehra Parihar

Seema Mehra Parihar & Rashmi Singh


Let us understand Women’s Agency…

• Agency encompasses the ability to formulate strategic choices, to gain autonomy, and to control resources and decisions that affect important life outcomes

• Absence of Agency restricts the conversion of capabilities/ Entitlement into Value.

COMPLEX GROUP OF:

Knowledge Rights

Sexual Agency

Personal Abilities

Personal Authorities

Skills

This demands Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration


Data Base District/State/Union Territories


Are Genders at Parity?


Let us probe little deeper statistically

Thinking Spatially

Visualizing facts SPATIALLY


Role of Women Agency

Entitlement/

Attainment

Factors Affecting Freedom/

Agency

Well-Being/Va

lue of Entiltlem

ent

• A question arises that does gender equality in terms of the so-called equal distribution of resources or entitlements as that of men be termed as women empowerment.

• There is a mediating factor here between equality and empowerment, in the form of ‘agency’ of women that determines if these resources can be realized to their potential.

• This paper makes an attempt to address this question, emphasizing the role of agency or the absence of same as a contributing factor to women empowerment in India.

• And also emphasising that geostats integration is required.


Research Methodology-LEVEL 1 STEP 1

• Convert the achievements of women into Indices

• Use the Principal Component Analysis of Tetrachoric Correlation Matrix

STEP 2

• Construct ‘Decision Making Index’

• Construct 'Mobility Index'

STEP 3

• Run Two Separate OLS Regressions

• Explained Variables: 'Decision Making Index' and 'Mobility Index'

• Explanatory Variables: Factors influecing women agency -Conversion factors after controlling for the resources under the constraints of data


Research Methodology- level 2


DELPHI METHOD + FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM-LEVEL3


RESEARCH FINDINGS:


3 EXAMPLES

Across geographies and scale

2/20/2017 Geospatial & Statistics : Hyderabad 16

Gender has a future with the presence of visible gendered spaces (Parihar,2015)

RESEARCH FINDINGS: Example 1 : Himalayas : This study DEMONSTRATED the relevance of Women’s Agency in the HIMALAYAS:

(i) INTRINSIC RELEVENCE: Women’s Agency

has intrinsic relevance in the Garhwal Himalayas for women’s individual wellbeing and quality of life. (50%-67%)

(ii) INSTRUMENTAL RELEVENCE: Women’s Agency has instrumental relevance in the Garhwal Himalayas for actions that improve the well-being of women and their families. (40%-57%)

(iii) SOCIETY/STATE RELEVENCE: it is required if women are to play an active role in shaping institutions, social norms, and the well-being of their communities (80-90%)

“As a mukhiya I have the responsibility not only to manage my household but to manage the problems faced in my village daily.” 2/20/2017 17 Geospatial & Statistics : Hyderabad

Women’s Agency in the Himalayas

QUESTION OF??? FINDING

Resources VERY LESS

Entitlements LESS

CONFLICTS MANY

Entrenched differences exist between women’s and men’s capacity to exercise agency—defined as the ability to make effective choices—both in the household and in society more broadly. 2/20/2017 18 Geospatial & Statistics : Hyderabad

CASE 2 : WOMEN AGENCY IN INDIA: WHAT REALLY MATTERS?

RESOURCES CONVERSION FACTORS ACHIEVEMENTS

Individual Characteristics At Individual Level 1. Decision making ability

1. Schooling 1. Age 2. Mobility

1. Media Exposure 2. Age at the time of Gauna 3. Freedom of sexual behavior

1. Employment 3. Age at the time of first child 4. Domestic Violence

Household Characteristics 4. Domestic duties 5. Job for cash

1. Education of Parents 5. Number of Children 6. Owning a bank account

1. Education of Husband

and his parents

6. Gender Composition of

Children

1. Gender Composition of

Siblings

7. Cultural Norms

1. Wealth Quintile At Societal Level

1. Caste

2. Exogamy

3. Religion

4. Type of residence

Table 1: The Linkages of Women Agency

The research attempts to study the impact of conversion factors (both individual and societal) on achievements of Indian married women after controlling for the resources using IHDS-II dataset.

Ordinal logit modelling is adopted for the present study. The decision making ability of the woman is presented as an ordinal outcome variable which takes the value on the scale of 0 to 8, higher value depicting higher decision making ability. Similarly, mobility is an ordinal outcome variable on the scale of 0 to 7, higher value associated with higher mobility.

Number of Observations 31056 31054 12567 12450 12443


Geospatial Analytics and Geostats Integration for Empowering Society

• The negative impact of male literacy/ education on woman’s decision making power in the household is worth investigating.

• It implies that the impact of literacy/ education is gender specific as educating a mother is increasing the decision making power of the daughter whereas in the case of father education, her proportionate share in household bargaining is decreasing.

• The policy perspective is that mere focusing on increasing male adult literacy may not be sufficient in itself and there is a complementary need to change the patriarchal mindset among males.

•Education level of woman fails to influence the household decision making ability.

•It is overshadowed by following parameters:

•early marriage age,

• practice of purdah system,

•unemployed status

•the patriarchal mindset in the household


Usefulness for the Policy Makers


Example 3:

.

Where women’s agency has increased, it has led to improvements in women’s welfare and that of their children; yet shifts in agency have generally proven difficult to achieve.


Women’s collective voice will create an environment where women’s voice can coalesce into a collective voice promoting women’s agency and greater gender equality.

SPATIAL THINKING

GEOSPATIAL ANALYTICS THANKS

[email protected] [email protected] 2/20/2017 23 Geospatial & Statistics : Hyderabad

GEOSTATS INTEGRATION

INFORMED DECISION MAKING

mailto:[email protected]

Thanks

[email protected]

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

womens agency in india : geospatial analytics and … · session :implementation: analytics,...

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