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Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015 www.economicsunplugged.com

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Page 1: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Women in MarketsA Systems Perspective

Some Things to Consider

Presented by Mary MorganFor CARE International

July 1, 2015www.economicsunplugged.com

Page 2: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Institutions = Rules of the Game

Institutions are humanly devised to structure

interaction and improve efficiency.

Page 3: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Institutional Economics ParadigmLevels of Institutions in an Economy

Oliver Williamson, 2000

Source: Williamson, O.E., 2000. The new institutional economics: Taking stock, looking ahead. Journal of Economic Literature, 38 (3), pp. 595-613.

• Customs, traditions, norms• Informal Institutions-gender, ethnicity, class,

religion1. Embeddedness

• Formal rules – property, Law (Judiciary)• Economics of property rights

2. Institutional Environment

• Transaction cost economics• Contracts – aligning governance structures with

transactions3. Governance

• Prices, incentives• Agency

4. Resource Allocation & Employment

Page 4: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Social Regulation

All economic behavior is influenced by social institutions, which motivate the behavior of all the actors in the market (Harriss-White 1998).

Page 5: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Dominant Economic ParadigmNeoclassical Economics

Page 6: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Market Systems• A bounded context • Includes actors and

institutions directly or indirectly engaged in the system

• public and private actors

• a dynamic space

Page 7: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Guiding Questions

• What is the market system telling us?• Is it a women’s market system or a man’s

market system? • Why are women working in those markets?• Where are women working in the market

system?• What access do they have to TA? • What market systems include women?

Page 8: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

What are women doing in the system?

Page 9: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Systems Thinking Elements

Feedback • Feedback' exists between two parts when

each affects the other (Ashby, p. 53)• In complex systems, where most of our work

occurs, several parts affect each other, and it is not possible to isolate the feedback between two parts– one can only look at the whole and start to map out the feedback loops

Page 10: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

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Feedback

No investment in inputs

No accessible input supplies

Low quality/quantity product

No interested buyers

No accessible/appropriate financial

products

R

Page 11: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Leverage

• Places (points) in a complex system where a small shift to one element can influence change in the whole system

• Points of power• Could be information flows, incentives, rules,

reducing delays, flow of resources• Meadows, D.,1999. Leverage points: Places to

intervene in a system [online]. Hartland, Vermont: The Sustainability Institute. Available from: http://www.sustainer.org/pubs/Leverage_Points.pdf [

Page 12: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

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Feedback

Investment in inputs

Accessible input supplies

Quality/quantity product

Interested buyers

Accessible/appropriate

financial products

R

--

- -

Facilitate Rural Distribution

B

+

Facilitate Rural Procurement

+

Delay

+ Increase

- Decrease

B

Facilitate financial products

B

+

+

Page 13: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Boundary of System

• Not just transactions!!!!!• Establishes a limit to the system’s functions

and internal processes: input – process – output

• One market system can be interconnected with other systems

Page 14: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

Campbell, R.,2014. Framework for Inclusive Market System Development [online]. Washington, DC: USAID-Leveraging Economic Opportunities (LEO). Available from: https://www.microlinks.org/library/framework-inclusive-market-system-development

Page 15: Women in Markets A Systems Perspective Some Things to Consider Presented by Mary Morgan For CARE International July 1, 2015

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