WOMEN in HISTORY

Barbara BallardAnn Briggle

Michelle CuellarOrli Perez

Effects of the Industrial Age

• More middle-class women got jobs

• Delayed marriage, smaller families

• Worked for economic necessity (not independence)

• Were paid less than men for what were considered “women’s jobs”

Jane Addams

• Among one of the first college-educated women in

• Found work teaching and doing volunteer work (only jobs allowed for women at the time)

• Established Hull House (189) in Chicago

Hull House

• offered immigrants to learn English, counseling, & child-care services

• other women took Addam’s example and established similar houses throughout the country

• became centers for women activism & social reform

Women @ Work

• I,000,000+ women got jobs in 1890s• Specific codes said what jobs women

could/could not have• Common “women’s jobs”: social worker,

secretary, store clerks, telephone operator (native women only)

• Immigrant women worked tended to work in industries with others of their nationality (ex: Jewish women worked mainly in textile industry)

Women Moving Forward

• Mary Baker Eddy 1879 founded Christian science (1879)

• YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Association) combined physical and other kinds of education with religion

• author Henry James often wrote about women, making them the center characters (helped with the rising of feminist movement)

Women’s Suffrage

• New support from progressives in 1900’s

• Liberal western states extended vote to women

Educating Themselves

• Literary Clubs• were mostly educated women who met to

improve themselves with poetry and prose• went on for decades• towards the end of the 1800’s and the

beginning of the 1900’s they started to concentrate more on social issues and current events

“Separate Spheres”

• woman’s place was in the home• New activities were extension of home life

because they had to do with moral and maternal issues

• Keeping kids out of mills and sweatshops• Stopping spread of tuberculosis• Getting pensions for mothers• Getting safe food products to the people

Women’s Organizations

• Gave them a national audience for social investigation and advocacy

• Women’s Trade Union League• National Consumer’s League• Women’s Bureau• Children’s Bureau• Women and Children’s bureaus were federal

in the Department of Labor