Women in history

Feminism• The history of feminism is the chronological 

narrative of the movements and ideologies aimed at equal rights for women. While feminists around the world have differed in causes, goals, and intentions depending on time, culture, and country, most Western feminist historians assert that all movements that work to obtain women's righs should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves

To make «waves»• Modern Western feminist history is split into three time 

periods, or "waves", each with slightly different aims based on prior progress First-wave feminism of the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on overturning legal inequalities, particularly women's suffrage. Second-wave feminism (1960s–1980s) broadened debate to include cultural inequalities,gender norms, and the role of women in society. Third-wave feminism (1990s–2000s) refers to diverse strains of feminist activity, seen as both a continuation of the second wave and a response to its perceived failures

• French writer Christine de Pizan (1364 – c. 1430), the author of The Book of the City of Ladies and Epître au Dieu d'Amour (Epistle to the God of Love) is cited by Simone de Beauvoir as the first woman to denounce misogyny and write about the relation of the sexes

International suffrage

Second wave• "Second-wave feminism" identifies a period of 

feminist activity from the early 1960s through the late 1980s that saw cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked. The ideas and efforts of this era continue to coexist with third-wave feminism. The movement encouraged women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and reflective of asexist power structure. As first-wave feminists focused on absolute rights such as suffrage, second-wave feminists focused on other cultural equality issues, such as ending discrimination

Feminist writing• Empowered by The Feminine

Mystique, new feminist activists of the 1970s addressed more political and sexual issues in their writing, including Gloria Steinem's Ms. magazine and Kate Millett's Sexual Politics. Millett's bleak survey of male writers, their attitudes and biases, to demonstrate that sex is politics, and politics is power imbalance in relationships.Shulamith Firestone's The Dialectic of Sex described a revolution based in Marxism, referenced as the "sex war". Considering the debates over patriarchy, she claimed that male domination dated to "back beyond recorded history to the animal kingdom itself".

What happens next?• Arguments for a new

wave• Fourth wave???

Fourth wave• A fourth-wave of feminism is not currently acknowledged as a historical 

wave of feminism, but scholars have advocated for its existence due to the lack of activism in other waves of feminism regarding our current cultural issues.

• Waves of feminism are usually created as a partial response to the failures of the previous wave. "Much like the third wave lived out the theories of the second wave (with sometimes surprising results), the fourth wave enacted the concepts that third wave feminists had put forth." 

• Feminists who currently advocate for a fourth-wave of feminism believe the circulation of feminist issues rely on social media technology for communicating and organizing their activism efforts. “It's defined by technology: tools that are allowing women to build a strong, popular, reactive movement online.”

Who is Who????

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