Women Education B.Ed. 2015-16

M.VijayalakshmiAssistant Professor

5.1 Women EducationMeaning, Objectives and

Importance. Significant Problems of Women, Place of Women in

Economic and National Development, Practical Activities

for Women Development

Meaning

• Providing for all facilities and opportunities for learning of females on par with those available for the education of males

• Based on the socio-economic status – Those below the poverty lineThose who struggle for retaining the middle

class status and economic securityThose who enjoy good and stable economic

security

Objectives

• NCERT (1976) -Home ManagementDignity of LabourEqual Commitments Equal opportunitiesDecision MakingSelf-DependenceLegal Rights

• Participation in Public Affairs• Equal Rights not for confrontation • Increasing Productivity• Giving up the Fascination for

Personalwares• Developing Achievement Motivation

Importance

• Women’s education plays an important role in the progress of any nation

• Constitute 50% of the population – providing proper educational opportunities for all women

• Swami Vivekananda – • Education of a male benefits him largely,

educating a girl is equivalent to educating her entire family

• Mahakavi Bharathi –• This world can prosper only if

women are all educated on par with men• Gandhiji –• Women should receive education on

par with men, if necessary provide them specialized education

• “If you educate a boy you educate a boy and educate an individual but if you educate a girl you educate a family”

• “The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world”

• Women education – properly planned, developed and looked after for a country or community to achieve greatness

• Independence – turned upside down• Kothari Commission –• “For full development of our human

resources, the improvement of homes and for moulding the character of children during the most impressionable years of infancy, the educate of women is of even greater importance than that of men”

Problems of Women’s Education

• There is acute dearth of trained female teachers• The curriculum is not suited to their special

requirements• Women have not achieved social consciousness

to move freely with men in work spots and outside the home

• Poverty and ignorance of parents also block the educational advancement of girls

Factors adversely affecting Education of Women

• Hang over of tradition• Poverty• Lack of qualified women teachers• Curricula being followed generally

do not cater to special needs and interests of girls

Causes of slow progress of Women Education and Suggestive Measures

• Economic backwardness of the rural community• Lack of proper social attitudes in the

rural areas for the education of girls• Lack of education facilities in rural

areas• Lack of women teachers

• Lack of proper supervision and guidance due to inadequate women personnel in the inspectorate

• Lack of proper incentives to parents and children

• Lack of adequate incentives• Lack of suitable curriculum• Co-educational aspects

Economic backwardness of the rural community

• Provision of free cloths and books• Make students to come regularly,

attendance scholarships can be provided

• Free mid-day meals

Lack of proper social attitudes in the rural areas for the education of girls

• Research – to get detailed scientific data• Separate girls schools – middle and high

school stage• Appointment of school mothers in co-

education primary school• Opening of creches and nursery classes• Public opinion in favour of girl’s education

Lack of education facilities in rural areas and backward areas

• Non-availability of schools within walking distances

• Unwillingness of parents to send their daughters – beyond the age of 9 plus

• Lack of separate sanitary facilities for girls• No adequate buildings and equipments

SuggestionsAt least one primary school within a radius of

one kilometer from home – seventh planHostel for girlsMaintenance stipends to girls residing in

hostelsSubsided transport facilitiesPriority - Rise buildings, good environment and

atmosphereFree education to girls - SSLC

Lack of women teachers Large number of training institutions – providedAccomodation to women teachers, quarters – 7th plan -

50%Adequate rural allowance not less than Rs. Fifty per

monthSpecial stipends – girls in high schools with aptitude for

teachingHusband and wives – posted in the same placeFree training – stipends – candidate of training

institutionsUntrained teachers – two years – given an in-service

training of education – considered as on duty

Lack of proper supervision and guidance• Increase in the number of women inspecting

officers• District women inspecting officers –

adequate transport facilities• Adequate office staff and equipment• Residential facilities• Closer contact with rural areas – state council

– provide funds

Social Education for Adult Women• Opening Adult literacy classes in large

numbers• Teaching simple skills like sewing, knitting,

handicrafts etc. and knowledge of basic principles of health and food habits

• New attitudes towards community living, family planning superstitions, caste, etc.

Lack of Adequate Incentives to Students• Number of attendance scholarships –

doubled in 7th plan• Allowance of school mothers – enhanced to

Rs. 20 per month• Maintenance stipends – doubled in 7th plan• Sanitary blocks in co-educational primary

schools – increased in 7th plan• Construction of girls hostel – allocation of

fund – provided adequately - 7th plan

Lack of suitable curriculum• Smt. Hansa Mehta committee 1962• No difference in the curriculum – for boys

and girls – primary and middle stages• Steps – introduction of home economics• Steps – improve the teaching of music and

fine arts and liberal finance assistance• Universities – review periodically – to meet

the special needs of girls

Problem of Co-education • Co –education – at the elementary stage• Vigorous educational propaganda – organized to

overcome the resistance• At the secondary and collegiate stages – full

freedom – to establish common or separate girls institutions

• Steps – to appoint – women teachers – secondary and university institutions – girls are attending

• Separate retiring rooms and sanitary conveniences – for girls

Practical Activities for Women Development

• Provision of teacher’s quarters• Special allowance for women teachers

serving in rural areas • Building up a cadre of teaching from amongst

adult women through the provision of condensed courses to upgrade their qualifications

• The recruitment of school mothers• Construction of hostels etc.