Coordinating Ministry for Maritime AffairsRepublic of Indonesia

Women and Local Wisdomin Response to Climate Change:

Lessons from Indonesia

Dr. Kartini SjahrirAdvisor for Climate Change to Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs

the Republic of Indonesia

Geographical Condition of Indonesia▪ About 74% Covers by sea (5.8 million Km2 )

and land area 2.01 mil Km2 and more than17.504 islands

▪ 140 millions out of 265 millions Indonesiansare living in coastal area (2018) and more than400 ethnic groups.

▪ 131.9 millions out of 265 millions Indonesiansare women (2018), and 30% of them lives incoastal area.

▪ The second largest tropical forest in the world.Around 125,9 Million hectares, 20% is used forplantation.

▪ 308 of 514 districts/cities are lying on coastalarea (2018).

▪ The 2nd longest coastline in the world,108.000 km (2018).

▪ The largest Coral Reef, Mangroves andSeagrass ecosystems on Earth (2015).

Local Wisdom Management (1)

• Women in Indonesia plays major roles in economic activities that embedded into the household tasks.

• Local wisdom management is the way the communities do their social economic activities based on the lessons learned from generation to generation

• Three types of local wisdom management:1. Practices that have their roots in centuries old tradition.

2. Involving practices that have been developed in response to contemporary challenges

3. Practices that were developed as response to contemporary challenges where all stakeholders are involved.

Local Wisdom Management (2)

• Women and local wisdom are like a coin with two sides that complement to each other due to the fact that they have less access to facilities, training, loan, education, health, etc

• Women’s understanding about climate change and environment conservation, is based on daily facts in the sense that getting basic needs are more difficult, more time to work, houses get flooded due to high tidal, more practices in slash and burn activities, etc.

Women Economic Activities at Coastal Area

COASTAL WOMAN CONTRIBUTION TO GENERATE INCOME FOR THE FAMILY

Drying the fish before processing them

Economy Creative of Woman in Utilizing Mangroves Manghunharjo, Semarang, Central Java

Mangrove ecotourism initiated by the community and operated by women in the village of Banggi, Rembang. Coastal area of Central Java

Meeting with women who engaged in mangrove activities and who also work for handling victims of sexual harrasment

Coastal area of Central Java

Batik made from the leaves of mangrovesManghunharjo, Semarang, Central Java

Map of Tambling

Southern part of Sumatra Island

Program of Tambling : 1. Conservations 2. Tiger Rehabilitation Center3. Research4. Community Development

Tambling area consist of low land tropical & Secondary forests, coastal ecosystem, mangrove and lake

Public and Private Partnership in Conservation

Community Development Coastal area of Tambling,

South Lampung-Sumatera

Healthy lifestyle education for children and medicaltreatment for the community

Mangrove ecotourism that run by the Women of Sei Nagalawan village of North Sumatera

These women are planting mangroves according totradition. There is no support from local government

These are snacks made from mangroves. The working capital is provided by the cooperative unit in that village

Women Economic Activities At The Inland – Lake Toba Area

• Huta (Village) Andaliman As Part of Private and Public Partnership in Lake Toba area,

North Sumatra-Indonesia.

• The TPL (Toba Pulp Lestari) is active to empower women on how to make their product

used and enjoyed by wider community, not exclusively by the Tobanese

Fig . Map of Indonesia and Lake Toba Area.

• Women activities at theAndaliman Plantation in LakeToba, North Sumatera.

• Andaliman (Sichuan Pepper orLemon Pepper or Sansho in Japanor Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium) istype of spice planted in Toba andvery popular Tobanese culinary.

Women At The Palm Oil Plantation In Jambi Province, Sumatera.

These women are part of DMPA (Desa Makmur Peduli Api) Program 1. To promote food security as well as 2. To stop practices on slash and burn activities

Fig. Map of Jambi Province and Indonesia

Palm oil plantation is around 14.03 million hectares, out of125.9 million hectares of Indonesian forest. Around 17million people’s economy depends upon the palm oilplantation.

Integrated Forestry & Farming System (IFFS) in Desa Makmur Peduli Api

IFFS-Women Empowerment:Red Ginger Farming & Processing

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Thriving communities, Thriving forests

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Integrated Forestry & Farming System (IFFS)

IDR 46.27 Billions

Total funds channeled to IFFS program

17,830Households benefitting from IFFS programs

82 Women

groups (659 members in 67 villages) involved in

IFFS programs

307Villages

benefitting from IFFS programs

Integrated Forestry & Farming System

Launched in 2015, IFFS aims to reduce threats to forests by improving community’s welfare.

IFFS put a strong emphasis on women involvement as agent of change in the family and the wider community.

Partnership :• Martha Tilaar Group

• Empower 1,000 women in IFFS villages & mills operation

• Multi-stakeholder collaboration• APP is involved with several organizations

to discuss the potential of scaling up IFFS implementation on a national scale.

Data as of August 2019

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IFFS – Red Ginger Farming and Processing

• Red ginger was chosen by the women farmer group because itis easy to cultivate and has high demand.

• The village provide a hectare land for planting the red ginger,while the BUMDes (Village’s Owned Enterprises), with thefunding from IFFS program, provided support red gingerrhizome, polybag and compost fertilizer that worth IDR 30Million in mid 2017.

• In 2017, the women learned to develop products based on thered ginger - ginger gluten rice snacks and instant red gingerdrink. In early 2018, the group started to market the products inand around the village.

• Since then, the business model has been replicated by anotherwomen group within the village with total 88 womenparticipants for the two groups combined.

• The program become a good business model, to create income-generating activity amongst women and improve the livelihood.

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APP – Martha Tilaar Group: Women Empowerment Program

APP and Martha Tilaar Group signed pledge to collaborate onSeptember 24, 2018 at the United Nations Headquarters in New Yorkduring the New York Climate Week 2018.

The program targets to empower 1,000 women through training incultivating and processing local herbs into products with economicvalue.

The program will provide market access through linking and matchingthe products of APP’s existing community empowerment programswith the needs of MTG or those of their network.

In addition to that, this collaboration provides training for aspiringbeauticians, as well as a plan to develop “edu-ecotourism villages”which will promote environmental education & tourism.

Facts Finding About Women (1)1. Poverty ( in Indonesia ) is often recognized as identical

with woman, especially in the fishing industry alongthe coastal regions.

2. Woman are a powerhouse ( in our country) and we’reyet to empower and maximize their potential in thefabric of our economy.

3. Empowering woman is an ongoing process, givingwomen their power back involves changing theirmentality from that of being a powerless person intosomeone who have full authority of themselves.

Facts Finding About Women (2)

4. Women have less access to climate technology . TheParis Agreements Technology framework failed tointegrate gender considerations in the related article10 ( Women Gender Constituency, 4th edition:2018).

5. More than 70% of the world’s poorest society arewomen (WGC, 2018) and have limited access toclimate financing.

6. Women are often viewed as “victims” and not asagents of climate resilience ( WGC, 2018).

7. Current climate mitigation policies are gender- blind.Gender–blind DWC’s is 67% (WGC, 2019).

Conclusion (1)

a. As vulnerable group, women must have active rolesin ensuring food security and implementingconservation initiatives to combat climate change.

b. To help women participate in these programs theymust gain access to loans, health resources,education/training/vocational schools and safetynets.

c. We must create safety nets, so women can feel safefrom the dangers of sexual harassment and assault,which is a real risk in villages and communities thatstill put women in a peripheral position and seewomen as second class citizens.

Conclusion (2)d. It is important to ensure that all initiatives are

implemented and women’s rights are protected downto the village level.

e. The government has to be involved in and become astrategic partner for all stakeholders who struggle forwomen’s empowerment.

f. It is important to note that women participation ineconomic life relies very much upon the local wisdomand local knowledge.

g. Therefore such knowledge and wisdom should bepreserved, promoted, and integrated intotechnological innovation.

Thank YouTerima Kasih

GrazieDziękuję

Coordinating Ministry for Maritime AffairsRepublic of Indonesia