wolfgang demisch to addressfiles.asme.org/igti/news/25214.pdfexpo experience is 3 to 1. the benefit...

IN THISISSUE...ASME TURBO EXPO

2000 – Special Section

1, 14-16Gas Turbine Industry

Overview

5Run Up to the

Millennium: State of thePower Generation Gas

Turbine Industry

10TURBO EXPO 2001

Call for Papers

12and more!

WOLFGANG DEMISCH TO ADDRESS“INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION”AT TURBO EXPO 2000 IN MUNICHKönig and Steffens Will be Featured Technology Speakers

More than 4,000 engineers, managers and executives from 55countries around the world will be in Munich May 8-11 toparticipate in ASME TURBO EXPO 2000, the world’s most

esteemed technical program for the international gas turbine industry.This important international meeting includes a four-day TechnicalCongress, a four-day Gas Turbine Users Symposium and a three-dayExposition. Together the technical programs will feature 614 refereedtechnical papers presented in 122 sessions. These will be supplementedby 32 other sessions including panels, tutorials, and discussion groups.Most of the panels and a special “User’s Lite and Technical Lite” tutorialwill be directed toward solving the problems of the gas turbine user aspart of the Gas Turbine Users Symposium (GTUS).

Speaking before this distinguished audience of industry professionalsat Monday’s opening Keynote Session will be Wolfgang H. Demisch,managing director of Wasserstein Perella Securities, Inc. Mr. Demischhas over 20 years’ experience as a senior securities analyst and is respon-sible for coverage of aerospace, defense and high technology industrialcompanies. Mr. Demisch has made multiple appearances on nationalfinancial television in the United States, including Wall Street Week.

In concert with this year’s theme of “Industry in Transition,”Demisch will speak on ”Turbines and Wall Street.” His working thesisis: “Economics is emerging as the critical variable in gas turbine design.ROI (return-on-investment) drivers such as capital cost and develop-ment time are overriding operational measures of merit such as SFC orthrust/weight. The implication for the designers, builders and sellers of

gas turbines in all applications is that their cur-rent processes must be radically simplified tofree up the resources needed to pursue newtechnology. Sale of service marketing and E-commerce are among the options.”

Supplementing the insights of WolfgangDemisch will be those of our two FeaturedTechnology Speakers, Norbert König ofSiemens AG, Power Generation Group (KWU),and Dr. Klaus Steffens of MTU Munich.

Mr. König was appointed to the Group Exec-utive Management of Siemens AG, Power Generation Group (KWU), inOctober 1998. His responsibilities include Fossil Power Generation

CIRCULATION 15,000 • ATLANTA, GEORGIA USA • ASME INTERNATIONAL GAS TURBINE INSTITUTE

Volume 40: 2000, No. 1

Wolfgang H. Demisch

Norbert König

Dr. Klaus Steffens

...continued on page 16

Introducing...With this issue, a

new layout for theGlobal Gas TurbineNews for the newmillennium. Wehope you enjoythe change.

8-11 MayMunich, Germany

2 Global Gas Turbine News Volume 40: 2000, No.1

VIEW FROM THE CHAIRH. ALLAN KIDD, CHAIR, IGTI BOARD OF DIRECTORS

executive, I easily discover a favorable return. Theminimum cost for a basic University sponsoredresearch activity is $10,000, for an in-companydevelopment program $50,000, or for a weeklongseminar $5,000. In the course of four days atTURBO EXPO you can comfortably observe atleast 20 presentations and discussions on topicsof direct interest to your company. In addition,you can spend the equivalent of one full dayinterfacing with exhibitors and colleagues dis-cussing practical solutions to your problems orconsidering design improvements to your existingcompany products. I think it is reasonable toassume that two of the presentations will haveimmediate value to your company and that onepractical solution to a problem can be developedfrom conversations with exhibitors and col-leagues. Furthermore, you can obtain personalsatisfaction and make long term contacts by par-ticipating in one or more technical committeemeetings during the evening. A conservative esti-mate of the return-on-investment for the TURBOEXPO experience is 3 to 1. The benefit is furtherenhanced when you consider the fact that theinformation gathered is compressed into a cycletime of less than one week as opposed to 10 to 50weeks for a typical research project or supplychain improvement.

Personally, I have found attending TURBOEXPO over the past 20 years to be a benefit to meboth personally and professionally. I know myemployer and my employer’s clients have alsobenefited significantly. I trust that you will cometo ASME TURBO EXPO 2000 in Munich and con-tinue to work with the IGTI leadership team toimplement the continuous improvements neces-sary to maintain TURBO EXPO as the premier gasturbine conference in the world. R

For 45 years ASME’s International Gas TurbineInstitute has hosted an Exposition andCongress designed to be the world’s premier

event for those involved in the application anddevelopment of gas turbine technology. TheExposition is comprised of exhibits of land-based, aero, and marine gas turbine engine sup-pliers, support system component suppliers,manufacturing and engineering tool and processsystem suppliers and others generally associatedwith the gas turbine industry. The Congress iscomprised of more than 500 technical paper pre-sentations sponsored by the Institute’s 17 com-mittees. Both are complimented by a Gas TurbineUser’s Symposium specifically created to addresstopics of interest to those with a primary focus onthe operation and maintenance of gas turbines.The overall experience provides you with aunique opportunity to interface with thoseinvolved in the design, development and use ofgas turbines and gas turbine components, partic-ularly with other experts in your area of interest.

For engineers who are in the early phases oftheir career, attending TURBO EXPO is a learningexperience that cannot be duplicated by a tradi-tional seminar. For senior practitioners theopportunity to exchange ideas on a variety ofadvanced topics and pursue others of interest istruly unique. Individuals interested in devoting aportion of their personal time toward profes-sional society goals also have a variety of oppor-tunities available.

Today’s business climate is very sensitive toreturn-on-investment, as it should be. As I con-sider the cost for a U.S. participant to attendTURBO EXPO in Munich this year (assume about$2,900 in direct expenses plus your time … less ifcoming from Europe) and the correspondingbenefits to the average engineer or marketing

H. Allan KiddChair

IGTI Board of Directors

A conservative estimate ofthe return-on-investment

for the TURBO EXPOexperience is 3 to 1.

}

~

Benefits of Attending ASME TURBO EXPO

GAS TURBINE NEWSIN BRIEF

PRATT & WHITNEY CANADAannounced the launch of a technology demon-stration program for a new engine familyintended for the distributed power generationmarket. The family, designated as ST5 will beoffered in a power band ranging from about 250kW to 600 kW. P&WC termed the engine a‘miniturbine’, to distinguish it fromsmaller microturbines. The ST5will be offered in simplecycle and recuperated ver-sions for both peakingand base load applica-tions. Pratt Canadaexpects simple-cycleefficiency to be bet-ter than 20 percent.A prototype isscheduled to beready in late 2000.

VICKERS PLCagreed to a US$933million cash purchaseoffer from Rolls-Royce,with the intent tomake Rolls-Royce aglobal leader inmarine power systems.

ROLLS-ROYCE PLC is to invest morethan £1.6 million over five years to establish aRolls-Royce University Technology Centre at theUniversity of Southampton. The center, specializ-ing in gas turbine noise research - particularly inrelation to aircraft engines - will be based in theInstitute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR)at the University’s Highfield Campus.

PANCANADIAN PETROLEUM LIMITED announced that ithas embarked on the final testing phase of a plan to generate electricity atoil field locations by burning natural gas in four, high-tech microturbines.

The natural gas-fueled microturbines from Capstone Turbine Corpora-tion will each burn about 9,000 cubic feet of natural gas a day,

generating up to 28 kilowatts of cleaner power. Each turbineprovides sufficient electricity to run up to two oil well

screw pumps. PanCanadian and Capstone have signeda memorandum of understanding to continue work-

ing jointly to improve the petroleum industryapplications of the microturbines.

The RAYTHEON COMPANY ordered TELEDYNE CONTINENTAL MOTORSin December to stop all work on its Tactical Tomahawk engine development contract. Teledyne’s J402 tur-bojet was to be used. The J402 currently powers the Boeing Harpoon missile. Teledyne was not able tomeet the required combination of fuel efficiency and maximum thrust on schedule. In parallel, Raytheonstated its intent to contract with Williams International for development of an alternative engine.

SERMATECH INTERNATIONAL INC. and SAMSUNG AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES, LTD.announced the formation of a joint venture that will provide surface treatment services for new and repaired flight turbine enginecomponents. The joint venture, called Sermatech Korea, will apply aluminum-ceramic, diffusion, and thermal spray protectivecoatings to new-build flight turbine components. For engine components undergoing repair, the venture will apply the sameprotective coatings, and perform activated diffusion brazing and weld repair processes.

...continued on page 4

Volume 40: 2000, No.1 Global Gas Turbine News 3

GE POWER SYSTEMS has completed agreements totaling nearly$4 billion to supply power generation equipment and services to DukeEnergy North America. The agreements cover the purchase of 36 Frame 7FAand up to 48 Frame 7EA gas turbines, plus 17 steam turbines and long-termservices agreements for up to 23 merchant power plants across the country.All machines will be equipped with Dry Low NOx reduction systems. Whencompleted, the power plants will produce more than 13 gigawatts of powerfor the wholesale U.S. market.

ABB ALSTOM POWER has received thelargest power plant contract in the history ofSpain, a turnkey order in excess of $600 million.Endesa and Gas Natural of Spain issued the con-tract to supply two 800 megawatt gas fired com-bined cycle facilities at San Roque in Cadiz andSan Adrian Del Besos in Barcelona, the first twocombined cycle plants in Spain. The projects,based on the company’s KA26 combined cyclestandardized plant, are scheduled to enter com-mercial operation in early 2002.


GAS TURBINE NEWSIN BRIEF...continued

ALLIEDSIGNAL INC.has announced that its new 131-9(A) Auxiliary Power Unit(APU) has completed its firstyear of service without a singleunit having to be removed froman aircraft for repair.

HAMILTON SUNDSTRANDexpects to supply over $1 billionworth of systems for Embraer’s newERJ-170/190 regional jets over thelife of the programs. The ERJ-170/-190 will be the launch platform forHamilton Sundstrand’s newAPS2300 APU. The APS 2300 APUis specifically designed to meet therequirements of the new, largeregional aircraft.

AIR FRANCE has launched GE’s new-variant CF6-80E1A3with an order to power eight firm and five optioned Airbus A330-200 air-craft. The engine order is valued at more than $250 million. The CF6-80E1A3 will be rated at 72,000 pounds of thrust, and incorporates a new,more durable high-pressure turbine (HPT) made of Rene 88. In addition,the engine’s compressor is enhanced with advanced 3D aerodynamics in thefinal eight stages for improved fuel burn and exhaust gas temperature (EGT)margins. The engine’s increased thrust rating will provide the A330-200 withgreater takeoff capability. R

Gas Turbine News in Brief ...is compiled for

Global Gas Turbine News by Carl E. Opdyke,

Power Systems Aerospace Analyst,FORECAST INTERNATIONAL,

22 Commerce RoadNewtown, Connecticut 06470

AVIALL, INC. has been awarded exclusive 10-year worldwide civilaftermarket parts distribution rights for Rolls-Royce (Allison) Model 250turboshaft and turboprop engines. As of January 1, 2000, Aviall becameresponsible for all Rolls-Royce Model 250 aftermarket parts sales, marketing,order administration, warehousing, and product and publication distribu-tion. Forecast International estimates over 30,000 Model 250 turboshaft andturboprop engines are in service worldwide.

The U.S. CONGRESS has approved $18million in long-lead funding for the re-enginingof GE TF-39-powered Lockheed C-5 airlifters.Funding in the FY2000 budget will enable Lock-heed Martin to begin designing the new enginepylons for the aircraft. What has yet to bedecided is how many aircraft will be re-engined.There are 126 C-5s in inventory; seventy-six areolder–A model aircraft, the other 50 are newer–B model aircraft. Some or all of these could bere-engined, with new C-17 purchases making upany difference.

Two GENERAL ELECTRIC CT7-8 tur-boshaft engines performed flawlessly on their1.4-hour maiden flight. The engines were aboardSikorsky Aircraft’s new S-92 Helibus. The 2,500shp (takeoff-rated) engines are to be FAA andEuropean JAA-certificated before the end of2000. The CT7-8, which is being jointly devel-oped by GE and FiatAvio of Italy, features a new,increased-flow compressor incorporating tech-nology developed under the U.S. Army’s JointTurbine Advanced Gas Generator (JTAGG) pro-gram. The engine also uses an advanced dual-channel full-authority digital electronic control(FADEC).

ROLLS-ROYCE PLC (“Rolls-Royce”) and BMW AG (“BMW”)reached agreement on a repositioning of their strategic relationship. Rolls-Royce takes full control of BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH, while BMW intends toincrease its equity investment, through further market purchases, in Rolls-Royce to just over 10 percent. The two companies also intend to co-operatein areas such as R&D, purchasing and logistics. Sole ownership will enable

Rolls-Royce to better align BMW Rolls-Royce’s product strat-egy, marketing and R&D with the wider Rolls-

Royce Group. These measures are expected togenerate cost savings of around 20 mil-

lion pounds per annum by 2001.BMW intends to become more gas

turbine oriented by increasing itsequity investment in Rolls-Royce.


Market Results for 1999Forecast International provides IGTI with

information on the value of worldwide gas tur-bine production. The value of production esti-mates are more reliable indicators than factorysales estimates. Based on their estimates thevalue of production of gas turbines in 1999 willtotal $34B worldwide, up 21% from $28B in1998 (which in turn, was up 12% from the 1997total). To put these figures in some perspective,the total sales of electricity in the U.S. is currentlyabout $200B - $220B per year.

The greater portion of the 1999 gas turbinemarket is associated with aviation. It is estimatedthat jet engine value of production totaled $20B(up 11% from $18B in 1998), which is 59% of the1999 total (down from 64% in 1998). Of the avi-ation market, $17.2B (up 15% from $15B in1998) was for the worldwide civil aviation market,with the remaining $2.8B ( 7% less than 1998) formanned military aircraft around the world.

In general, the civil aviation gas turbine marketwas good for 1999 with more of the public flyingand the start of a recovery for some of the

During the last century, the American essayist Henry Thoreau wrote: “New ideascome into the world somewhat like falling meteors, with a flash and an explo-sion.” Just 60 years ago, the incarnation of such a new idea—the first jet pow-

ered aircraft—flashed across the skies above Baltic Sea shores in Germany,fulminating an explosive change in aviation, to start the Jet Age.

Hans von Ohain’s aviation gas turbine powered the first flight of the Heinkel He178 on August 27, 1939 at the Heinkel Airfield in Marieneke. (Frank Whittle’s W1jet engine, developed earlier, was to power the first British jet aircraft 20 monthslater.) Dr. von Ohain, who just passed away in 1998 at age 86, received the R. TomSawyer Award, IGTI’s highest honor, at the 1990 IGTI Gas Turbine Conference inBrussels. My wife and I sat with him at the awards banquet, where we asked him ifhe and his small team in 1939 had any idea that his (and Whittle’s) inventionwould spawn the vast gas turbine industry that we see today. No, he replied. What’s more, he doubted they could do the same tasktoday—too much paper work! He also recalled that on the morning of the historic first flight, test pilot Erich Warsitz arrived inflight gear, carrying a hammer. When von Ohain asked about the hammer, Warsitz (who had just test flown Hitler’s first rocketpowered aircraft) replied it was his escape tool, to be used if he needed to get out of the cockpit in a hurry.

Another historic gas turbine event occurred in 1939, lending weight to Victor Hugo’s observation that there is nothing morepowerful than an idea whose time has come. Within the same year and some 500 miles to the south of von Ohain’s team, theSwiss company Brown Boveri completed development of the first modern land-based gas turbine. This gas turbine was installed atNeuchatel in the Swiss Alpine foothills to power a 4 MW electrical generator for backup power (and still does, six decades later).Thus 1999 marked the 60th anniversary of the gas turbine for both aviation and electric power generation applications.

Anniversaries provide the occasion to look back, and to better understand what is going on now. What is going on now in thegas turbine industry is continued and healthy growth. It has taken just these 60 years—a short interval in the history of technology—to make the gas turbine an overnight success.

depressed economies in Asia. Consolidation ofrepair and overhaul companies continued as themajor engine manufacturers took over more ofthese businesses. This goes along with the new“power by the hour” maintenance agreements thatthe airlines are negotiating with engine companies.

The military market remained flat from 1998,reflecting current or projected military budgetcuts worldwide. Several new fighter programs areon the verge of production, and the Europeannations are reassessing their air force inventoriesafter the NATO bombing in Kosovo and Serbia,so that the military market may improve in thenear future.

As in 1998, the non-aviation segment of thegas turbine market has experienced the fastestrate of growth. The value of production for thissegment in 1999 is estimated to be $14B (up40% from $10B in 1998). This represents 41% ofthe total gas turbine market (up from 36% in1998). When one considers the rate of growth ofthe civil aviation market (15% from 1998) andthat of non-aviation (40% from 1998), one can

TECHNOLOGY

Gas Turbine Industry Overview*by Lee S. Langston ... University of Connecticut, ASME Vice President – IGTI

}

~

...one canpredict a

dominance ofland-basedgas turbinesales may

occur withinthe nextdecade.”

* Excerpted from IGTI’s 2000 Technology Report and Product Directory—Land, Sea & Air, pages 7-9.


predict a dominance of land-based gas turbinesales may occur within the next decade.

Of the non-aviation part of the market, 93% or$13B (up 53% from $8.5B in 1998) represents thevalue of production of electric power gas turbines.The remaining $1B (down about 33% from $1.5Bin 1998) is accounted for by mechanical drive gasturbines (e.g. gas pipeline compressor drives) andfor marine propulsion gas turbines.

It is obvious from these estimates that themarket for electric power gas turbines boomed in1999. There are at least two reasons for this:

1) Electric power gas turbine units fueled by nat-ural gas now have the highest operating effi-ciencies (40% for simple cycle and up to 60%for combined cycle operations), are clean(less pollutants than other major combustionenergy converters) and cost effective (low cap-ital and operating costs).

2) The electric utilities in North America, whichare now starting to be deregulated, are placingrecord orders to replace old equipment and toincrease electrical power reserve margins,which have gotten to be dangerously low,especially in the U.S. Midwest.

This has filled the order books and productionlines of the major gas turbine manufacturers forat least the next two years.

Some Problems in 1999The new electric power gas turbines being pro-

duced today are the cleanest of large combustiondriven energy converters the world has ever seen.A gas turbine power plant burning natural gaswill emit much less oxides of nitrogen (NOx) andas much as 43% less carbon dioxide as a coalburning steam plant of the same power output.

TECHNOLOGYINDUSTRY OVERVIEW...continued

In the effort to meet new environmental regu-lations and to lower NOx emissions to even lowerlevels, the gas turbine industry has run into acombustion instability problem called “hum-ming.” It is so named for the low frequencysound emission that is its signature. The poetJohn Keats wrote: “Hear ye the hum of mightyworkings -?” The mighty workings of a gas tur-bine in a sustained humming mode can lead tosevere engine vibrations (e.g. a rumble), causingunit damage or shutdown. David Gillespie, whois a manager of several gas turbine merchantplants in the U.S. northeast explained to me thatwhen humming sets in on one of his low NOx,high firing temperature, high mass flow ratemachines, it means cutting back on power andoperating at lowered plant outputs—and loweredplant revenues.

Humming is not completely understood yet,and a member of IGTI’s Combustion and FuelsCommittee has summarized the phenomenonas follows:

“As lean-premixed gas turbines drive the com-bustor toward the lean stability limit to mini-mize NOx, an acoustic instability can arisecausing the engine to go into “humming.” Thisinstability can be initiated by slightly reducingthe overall stoichiometry or by reducing the localstoichiometry in a flame stabilization site, suchas reducing a pilot gas flow rate or by simplyrunning the engine on a cold day. Advantagesgained by a few ppm in NOx by operating theengine closer to this lean stability limit or at dif-ferent ambient conditions, can be more than off-set by triggering potentially damaging enginehumming. Unlike the beauty of a hummingbird, humming in a gas turbine results in highcycle fatigue failure which may not be limited tothe combustor section of the engine alone. Simi-lar to the humming bird, it can manifest itself inthe blink of an eye with only a subtle change inoperating conditions. The challenge to the gasturbine community is knowing where theboundary is and avoiding it.”

The humming problem will eventually besolved, either by more cost-benefit analysiswhich could result in more enlightened emissionregulations, or by improved technology throughresearch and development—for which the gasturbine industry is renowned.

There is another problem, not strictly techni-cal, that has gotten more acute during 1999. Ithas to do with the recent and growing experienceof users and buyers of the larger (greater than 50MW) and newer, more advanced electric powergas turbines as they are being introduced into themarketplace.

Thank You...to the following committee membersfor their contribution to this year’s overview.

COMMITTEE REPRESENTATIVE

Combustion & Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jim PetersTim Snyder

Hukam Mongia

Controls, Diagnostics & Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rob Luppold

Cycle Innovations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inaki Ulizar

Environmental & Regulatory Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manfred Klein

Industrial & Cogeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rakesh BhargavaHoward Holland

Vehicular & Small Turbomachines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mary Gerstner


During 1999, IGTI not only staged a highly successful Technical Congressand Gas Turbine Users Symposium, but also put on seminars in Atlanta,Houston and Buenos Aires on topics of interest to electric power gas turbineusers, buyers, insurers and financiers. Complaints of seminar participantsconcerning new machines ranged from problems that the industry solveddecades ago (rotor vibrations, through-bolt assembly procedures) to othersthat might have been solved through more OEM component testing beforegoing to market (some of the humming problems, combustor parts that failduring operation and enter the gas path to cause downstream turbine dam-age). Much to their dismay, they concluded that extended commissioningperiods, performance shortfalls, and outages for component repair orreplacement have become all too common with the newest of large gas tur-bines.

The Case for CertificationHarkening back to Hans von Ohain’s story of his test pilot, Erich War-

sitz—who was history’s first “real” gas turbine user—one could argue thattoday’s electric power gas turbine users also need a hammer for their ownprotection. That protection could come from the establishment of a thirdparty certifier of performance standards for new electric power gas turbines.Such a certification process would help to eliminate some of the newmachine problems discussed above, and a set of standards would level theplaying field for all of the OEMs.

It is well known that such a certification process has long been estab-lished for civil aircraft gas turbines around the world. In the U.S. thethird party certifier is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). I don’tthink anyone would argue that such regulation has slowed the pace oftechnical advancement of jet engine technology, or limited competitionamong jet engine manufacturers.

The FAA regulations are in place and have the force of the law behindthem because they directly concern public safety. However, the gas tur-bine is now becoming the major means of electric power generationaround the world. Society has now become so dependent on electricpower – not only for basic needs but also for the electrons needed to runall our computer systems – that the possibility of a major electrical shutdown (say in the U.S. northern Midwest in winter) does seriouslyinvolve public safety.

During 1999, discussions about performance standards, a certifica-tion program and a third party certifier have been going on betweenelectric power gas turbine users, IGTI volunteers and ASME Codes andStandards volunteers to determine the merits of such an undertaking.

Technology View of 1999The success of the gas turbine in its 60 years has been fueled by the con-

tinued application of basic and applied technology to solve problems andincrease performance. That which follows is a synthesis of reports from IGTITechnical Committee chairs and other volunteer leaders, highlighting sometechnical issues and progress for 1999.

CogenerationIndustrial and Cogeneration Committee Chair Rakesh Bhargava reports

the following:Deregulation of electrical utilities worldwide has changed the power gen-

eration market, particularly development of the power plants operating incogeneration modes. The available data on new cogeneration plants, devel-oped or under development in the last 18 months, suggest that the powerrating of gas turbines used in cogeneration applications varies from 0.5 MW

to 170 MW. A large number of cogenerationplants use gas turbines with ratings 10 MW andsmaller. The development of cost competitivemicroturbines ($300 to $500 per kW) and SolidOxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) has shown somepromising results for a small size power genera-tion system. A considerable amount of researchand development work is in progress to use thecombined technologies of microturbines andSOFC’s and it is shown that this combinationcan achieve overall electrical efficiency of 60%and higher. The prototype testing of this combi-nation (GT + SOFC) was expected to start by1999 and end with commercial availability, bysome estimates, foreseen by 2005. Furthermore,preliminary studies have indicated that using acombination of microturbines and SOFC incogeneration applications will achieve high elec-tric efficiency and a decreased level of pollution.

MicroturbinesThe Vehicular ard Small Turbomachinery

Committee Chair Mary Gerstner reports thefollowing:

Microturbines made marketplace advances in1999 with several companies initiating commer-cial production and sales. Capstone announced amilestone of 6000 hours of continuous opera-tion of a unit at a customer site. Other compa-nies have announced production starting in2000. The early products introduced have beenin the 25-100 kW range, but recent announce-ments from several producers have indicated thatcogeneration units (initially hot water heating)are now being offered with some of the products.

Although the primary focus in the small gas tur-bine area has centered on distributed power mar-kets, efforts in the vehicular arena continue. Recentsales of microturbines for commercial hybrid elec-tric buses have been announced by at least twoproducers. The ability to operate with fuels fromthe existing infrastructure while producingextremely low emissions continues to be of greatinterest to the vehicular community in a world ofever more stringent emission regulations.



Measurements and ControlControls & Diagnostics Committee Chair

Robert Luppold reports as follows:The Propulsion Instrumentation Working

Group (PIWG), an alliance of U.S. enginemanufacturers who are working to standardizethe industry specification for emerging instru-mentation technology, held one of its meet-ings in parallel with the Indianapolis TURBOEXPO, using this major event as a “shop win-dow” on the turbomachinery community. Thehigh concentration of instrumentation manu-facturers and suppliers at the Indianapolisexhibition and the presence of so many keyinstrumentation specialists resulted in anexcellent interchange between instrumenta-tion users, suppliers and developers.

The last twelve months has seen a rapidincrease in the interest in optical probes andmicrosensors, i.e., the so-called Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). As the MEMSmanufacturing technology is developed, it isfinding application in turbomachinery instru-mentation, usually in combination with micro-electronics. The technology reduces sensor sizeand cost by typically two orders of magnitude.The immunity to electromagnetic interferencesmakes optical sensors the preferred choice insome of the most demanding applications.

In the industrial sector of the market, lowNOx combustion continues to be the majorpush. The control systems for these low NOxcombustor systems are rapidly becoming morecomplex, with an emerging need for closedloop control on NOx and CO levels. Thedemand for NOx and CO sensors hasincreased sharply over the past 12 months.

The development of blade tip clearanceprobes that will form part of the closed loopcontrol system has been actively pursued overthe last year, with very significant progress,prompted by the emphasis on increased effi-ciency in large gas turbines.


CombustionCombustion and Fuels Committee Chair

Jim Peters reports as follows:Significant advances have been made dur-

ing 1999 in Computational CombustionDynamics (CCD), combustion research andcombustion technology. The National Com-bustion Code, a joint university, governmentand industry initiative, is coming close to vali-dation and production under the guidance ofthe NASA Glenn Research Center. Significantadvances have been made in many other com-bustion codes that, along with “best combus-tion models,” will make possible “over-nightmillion node calculations.” This brings us astep closer to achieving an ultimate goal ofmaking analytically predicted results for gasturbine combustor emissions and perfor-mance as reliable as engine data.

Environmental IssuesDuring 1999 more gas turbine power plants

were installed, replacing old units and reduc-ing air pollution and greenhouse gases (GHG)for the same power output.

Environmental & Regulatory Affairs Com-mittee Chair Manfred Klein pointed out in hisreport and in an 1999 article in IGTI’s GlobalGas Turbine News (“Is Lower PPM Better?”p.6-7,1999, No.2) that regulations requiringsimply a lower ppm of NOx emission level(which have given rise to the humming prob-lem described above) are not necessarily betterfor the environment. Those who set emissionregulations should recognize that, after theencouragement of energy conservation andthe use of renewable resources, the construc-tion and utilization of clean efficient gas tur-bine power plants will be the most effectiveway to reduce GHG and regional air pollutionduring the coming century. Improved effi-ciency is the key, not the single-minded goalof ultra low NOx. R

}

~

Those who setemission

regulations shouldrecognize that ...the constructionand utilization ofclean efficient gas

turbine powerplants will be the

most effectiveway to reduce

GHG and regionalair pollution

during the comingcentury.


Forecast International may be reached at:Forecast International22 Commerce Road

Newtown, CT 06470-1643Phone: (800) 451-4975 in the U.S. and Canada

(please ask for sales); or (203) 426-0800Worldwide (please ask for sales)

Fax: (203) 426-0223E-mail: [email protected]

If you wish to take advantage of this offer, butare not yet an ASME/IGTI member, contact ASMEfor membership information … www.asme.org… or call 1-800-THE-ASME from the U.S. andCanada, or +1 (973) 882-1167 from elsewhere.Remember, even if you are an ASME member, youmust have selected IGTI (#22) as one your fiveinterest areas in order to qualify for this offer.

To stay “in-the-know” and up-to-date in thedynamic worldwide gas turbine market, contactForecast International directly and begin receiv-ing the benefits of having your own Weekly E-Mail News and Analysis Services. R

As a special offer to ASME members who have selected IGTI (#22) asone of their interest areas, Forecast International is offering its GasTurbine E-Mail News and Analysis Service at a considerable discount.

Forecast International is a leading provider of analytical market services forthe aerospace and defense industries, including those of aerospace andindustrial and marine gas turbines. They are a long-time supporter of IGTI,and have regularly contributed the content of the Gas Turbine News in Briefsection of this newsletter since 1994.

Forecast International provides concise news summaries of currentdevelopments and market intelligence via e-mail, 50 times per year. Thesesummaries consist of 9-12 brief overviews, such as the ones appearing onthe Gas Turbine News in Brief page. Subscribers may select from thefollowing categories:

Gas Turbines, Aviation Engines & APUs (category P1A)

Gas Turbines, Industrial & Marine Gas Turbines (category P1B)

The normal subscription fee for the E-Mail News and Analysis Service is$235 per year for the first category, and $135 for the second category. How-ever, as a special offer for ASME/IGTI members, Forecast International isoffering a choice of one of the above services for $95 per year, or both for$160 per year.

Forecast International Offers Gas Turbine E-Mail News &Analysis Services to IGTI Members at Special Discount Prices

1999 IGTI SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS

IGTI is pleased to announce the recipients of its $1,000 student scholarships for 1999.Schools with ASME student sections are eligible to apply for consideration. Scholarships

are awarded to the school and the award recipient is then selected by the members of the ASMEstudent section. $20,000 in scholarships were awarded for 1999. This brings the total amountawarded by IGTI since initiating the Scholarship Program in 1986 to $883,500. Please join us incongratulating the following IGTI Scholarship recipients and their schools:

Alfred State College* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . James Sisson & Marc D. HarperArizona State University* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Christopher P. Urwiller & Adam G. WhiteBaylor University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brett Matthew TaylorConcordia University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Christopher Pin HarryGIK Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adeel KhalidMississippi State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TBANortheastern University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Timothy GoddardOhio University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Joseph BeyerPenn State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lori BakerPurdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kwee Yan TehSyracuse University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ellen M. EllisTexas A&M University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Robert L. PolingUniversity of Arizona* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Christopher Trangsrud &Clede O’NealUniversity of California, Irvine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Vu PhiUniversity of Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Andris BilmanisUniversity of Dayton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lauren PerryUniversity of Florida, Gainesville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gilbert CantonUniversity of Minnesota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rupal H. ShroffVirginia Polytechnic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .TBAWest Virginia University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Christopher T. Yocum

* Split Scholarship ($500 each)


TECHNOLOGY

Run Up to the Millennium:State of the Power Generation Gas Turbine Industry*by Jon Lane ... Datamonitor

Merger-ManiaThe most important development in the global gas turbine market

during 1999 was the merger of the power generating activities of ABBand Alstom. The new company, ABB Alstom Power, encompassed all ofAlstom Energy, except the heavy duty gas turbine business, which oper-ated under license from General Electric (GE) of the USA. This was dis-posed of to GE. Likewise ABB kept its nuclear power business.

The effect of this merger will be felt globally. GE gained access to aninstalled base and to sales & marketing operations in Europe, whilst theworld’s largest power group will be strongly targeting the U.S. market—which is expected to have high order volumes for the next few years. Themerger was brought about due to two major forces:• Both ABB and Alstom lost out to their major competitors, GE and

Siemens Westinghouse, on the large number of power plant orders inthe U.S. during 1998; and

• Increasing customer pressures are forcing companies to becomelarger in order to compete.The U.S. gas turbine market boomed during 1998, and order volumes

have remained strong during 1999. Following years of under-investmentin power plants by leading U.S. generating companies, the U.S. marketsuddenly caught fire during the second half of 1998. Uncertainty overthe deregulation of the U.S. electricity market, led to uncertainty overreturn-on-investment for power plant developers. Investment had beenso low in the USA that reserve margins remained thin, and in some areaspower shortages were felt. This spurred the market for gas-fired powerplants, which are quick and cheap to build, and offer improved environ-mental performance over coal- or oil-fired plants.

GE and Siemens were quick to capitalise on this demand growth andbooked the majority of orders in the market, leaving ABB and Alstomout in the cold. Siemens’s acquisition of Westinghouse earlier in the yearmeant that both ABB and Alstom lost ground on their major Europeancompetitor in the global market. The merger of ABB and Alstom was theonly way to catch up quickly with both GE and Siemens Westinghouse.

On the basis of power plant orders received by the leading companiesduring 1998, it is evident the effect that the U.S. market growth has pro-duced. With GE and Westinghouse taking almost all U.S. orders during1998, and the U.S. market making up 40% of total global demand, ABBand Alstom slipped rapidly down the ranking.

The pressures on all power plant suppliers are also a major factorbehind the companies’ decision to merge their operations. As electricitymarket deregulation sweeps the globe, power plant suppliers are increas-ingly expected to take on higher levels of project risk. This includes mostpower plant completion risks, and they often have to take an equity par-ticipation in power projects to secure the equipment order. The bigger thecompany, the more these risks are spread over a number of projects - dri-ving consolidation. In the future it is expected that these pressures willbecome even greater, and that equipment supply companies and con-tracting companies may need to fund power projects in their entirety.

Pre-payments to equipment suppliers forpower projects are also becoming less common,which means that they are having to fund theconstruction of many projects through theirown cash flow, and will not get paid until com-pletion. In order to take on the required num-ber of projects to spread the risk, this meansthat companies must become larger.

ABB Alstom Power has become the world’slargest power generation equipment andturnkey power plant supplier following themerger. This will be a significant advantagewhen bidding for turnkey power projects, as thenew company will be able to grow its marginson the basis of taking on more projects. Pre-dicted savings of $450m over the next 3-4 yearswill also stimulate both companies’ profitability.

Latest Generation Turbines ArriveThe first commercial installation of the

Department of Energy’s (DOE) heavy-duty gasturbine program was announced in September1999. The GE H-class turbine is to be installedin combined-cycle operation at the Scribnaplant owned by leading U.S. IPP, Sithe Energies.The GE turbine is far enough through the pro-gram to allow Sithe to announce plans to installtwo units. Siemens Westinghouse, GE’s majorcompetitor in the U.S., is ready to release itsown version of the product shortly.

Both GE and Siemens Westinghouse tur-bines will be able to break the 60% efficiencybarrier in combined cycle operation, and aresultant 3-6% reduction in CO2 emissionsshould be possible due to the higher effi-ciency. Improvements in turbine designs, cool-ing systems and materials achieved throughthe program have allowed turbine tempera-tures to be pushed to more than 2,600 degreesFahrenheit, well above the capabilities of anyprevious system.

Although the technology has clear benefits,the competitive U.S. electricity generating mar-ket may take some time before installing thetechnology on a widespread basis. Both GEand Siemens have had some problems in theU.S. with advanced turbines cracking. Plant

* Excerpted from IGTI’s 2000 Technology Report and Product Directory—Land, Sea & Air, pages 10-11.


availability is the primary concern for genera-tors in the U.S. market, and it will take thou-sands of hours of operation before the [newH-class] technology becomes field proven.

Microturbine Market Heats UpThe microturbine market received consider-

able attention during 1999. The developmentof distributed generation provides a good plat-form for the growth of this market, particu-larly, but not only, in deregulated markets. Thekey difference between mature on-site powerplant markets and distributed generation mar-kets is that the latter is driven by deregulationrather than regulation.

Electricity market deregulation is designedto give customers the choice of whom theypurchase their electricity from, or to allowthem to generate it themselves. As electricitysuppliers compete to provide their customerswith the lowest cost supply one of their majorweapons is the use of on-site supply.

Almost all U.S. electric utilities have set upenergy service companies (ESCOs) in order totake advantage of the benefits of deregulationin full. The concept of the ESCO is foundedupon performance-based contracting, whichmeans that the reimbursement that the ESCOreceives for the project is based upon the sav-ings that are realised. Some projects are paidfor by energy savings, or the fitting of electric-ity efficient drives and motors. In others rev-enues are earned via the cost savings that canbe achieved through autogeneration andenergy demand management.

Furthermore, to increase electricity marketcompetition, spot markets have been devel-oped in countries such as the U.S. and the UKwhich mean electricity prices fluctuate dramat-ically according to supply and demand con-straints. There is a clear competitive advantagefor companies that can start up smaller plantsto take advantage of high prices and switchthem off when prices are low.

The use of small power plants in the distrib-ution network, known as embedded genera-tion, is becoming an increasingly feasibleoption in many countries. Embedded genera-tion allows distributors to relieve congesteddistribution networks, increase the flexibilityof the network, remove transmission loss andcosts, and improve power quality for their cus-tomers.

All these drivers for distributed generation,and the innovative vehicles of delivery, stemfrom deregulation of the electricity market,and are helped by the deregulation of the gas

market. This means that once a market hasbeen deregulated, small power plant equip-ment suppliers should be able to forecast themarket potential with far more comfort thanin a market where one regulatory decision canmake or break it. The key market drive hasmoved from regulation to competition in themove into a distributed generation market.

The commercial release of the microturbineincreases the possibilities for distributed gen-eration down to smaller energy consumersthan ever before. Microturbines will competedirectly with reciprocating engines for suchbusiness, but offer considerable advantageswhich will drive the total market forward:

• lower power outputs;

• reduced emissions;

• increased reliability;

• significantly reduced maintenance costs.

There has been a massive interest in micro-turbines across the world, and especially in theUSA, and with companies such as GE, Kohlerand EdF becoming involved in the industry, itmust be treated with credibility. The sales andmarketing strategy used by microturbine sup-pliers will prove to be the key to the success ofthe technology. The microturbine-ESCO fit isvery strong and the major technology develop-ers will have to cede some control of the mar-ket to these third parties in order to grow theindustry as they would like.

Like gas engines, microturbines have a lowheat output, so a large heat requirement isnot needed to make them economical.Microturbines also have some key advantagesover gas engines: lower emissions andreduced maintenance.

Although microturbines are less fuel effi-cient than gas engines in low-load applica-tions (standby and peak shaving), fuelefficiency, and therefore fuel costs, are lessimportant to the overall plant costs than aremaintenance costs.

The microturbine also performs well inhigher loads, and some estimates have putmaintenance at just a few hours for a plant incontinuous operation. In such plants thesecost savings are balanced by higher fuel costsbrought about by a lower electrical efficiency.Thus there is a balance: gas engines will bemost suitable for some applications, microtur-bines for others. Each project is individual,and it is the job of the contractor to offer thebest solution to the owner.

TECHNOLOGYMILLENNIUM...continued

}

~

Plantavailability isthe primaryconcern for

generators inthe U.S.

market, and itwill take

thousands ofhours of

operationbefore the

[new H-class]technology

becomes fieldproven.


Deregulation Moves AheadThe deregulation of the world’s electricity

markets continued to gather speed during1999. One of the bright spots was Germany,where price falls of up to 50% were obtained bysome large industrial customers connecteddirectly to generators. Unlike other EU coun-tries, Germany has deregulated its electricitymarket all at once, rather than in stages startingwith the largest users. The country has notinstalled a market regulator, and both strategieshave had the effect of putting the market underintense pressure. Merger activity between gener-ators is expected to be rife for the next few years.

However, unlike in the U.S. and UK, Ger-man deregulation has not yet provided a boostto the gas turbine market. This is due to thedifferences between the structure of the powergeneration market in the three countries,which mean that the key market drivers act indifferent ways. In the U.S. the massive gas tur-bine market is being driven by the require-ment to meet demand. In some parts of theU.S., capacity has simply not been largeenough to meet the daily demand growth atpeak times, and generators are now reacting tothis and the high prices that can be obtainedat peak times. Deregulated markets encouragelarger amounts of over-capacity than monop-oly markets as a larger number of companiesare chasing peak-load revenues. Once the U.S.has a sufficient level of over-capacity to oper-ate an effective competitive generation marketthen gas turbine order volumes will subside.

This trend is already in evidence as the marketmoves from simple cycle gas turbines to com-bined cycle gas turbine power plants.

The UK has also had large order volumes forgas turbine power plants throughout the 1990s.Unlike the U.S., however, these plants arereplacing older coal-fired power plants. This isnot happening in the U.S., as coal remains lowcost, and in baseload operation generating costsfor coal plants are lower than for gas plants.There has been a small amount of displacementin the U.S. as generators move toward theenhanced flexibility of gas-fired plants. In Ger-many displacement has not yet taken hold. Ger-man generators are suspicious of gas-firedplants in baseload operation as Germany doesnot have sufficient domestic gas reserves toguarantee security of supply. The leading gener-ators also own their own coal mines providingthem with more control over price and quality.Over the coming years this will have to change,and as the complex web of cross ownershipbetween the major utilities, regional utilitiesand municipal Stadwerke unravels, some dis-placement of coal-fired plant is inevitable aselectricity prices fall below the level of generat-ing costs for a medium load coal plant. R

DATAMONITORCharles House

108-110 Finchley RoadLondon NW3 5JJ England

Phone: +44-20-7675-7000Web: www.datamonitor.com/in

TECHNOLOGYMILLENNIUM...continued

The technical committees of the ASME International Gas Turbine Institute (IGTI) are seek-ing papers on topics related to applications, design, operation, and manufacture of all gasturbines and related equipment for the 46th ASME Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Technical

Congress, Exposition and Users Symposium.To offer a paper for publication, submit a 200 to 300 word abstract by July 7 to IGTI via

email: [email protected]; via fax: (404) 847-0151; or via mail: IGTI, 5775-B Glenridge Dr.,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30328-5380 USA. Provide all pertinent contact information, includingaddress, phone, fax and email.

Final acceptance for papers is determined by a review of draft manuscripts, which are due October 6, and must beaccompanied with a completed and signed ASME copyright release (1903) form to allow publication. If warranted byreview, papers may also be recommended for publication in an ASME Transaction.

To obtain the assignment of copyright (1903) form and guidelines for preparing an ASME paper, visit ASME’swebsite: www.asme.org/pubs/authors/ or contact ASME Technical Publishing, New York, NY, +1 (212) 591-7000.

All paper submittals are interpreted as an intention to attend the conference (registration fee required) and topresent the final paper.

Technology Transfer Considerations: All presenters assume all responsibility for obtaining all needed companyapprovals or government clearances prior to submitting a draft for review, final manuscript for publication, or partici-pation in panel discussion. If approvals or clearances are involved, this should be noted in the original submittal of apaper and draft manuscript. R

Call For PapersASME TURBO EXPO 2001

Land, Sea & AirJune 4-7, 2001

Ernest Morial Convention CenterNew Orleans, Louisiana USA


Roy P. Allen, P.E., consultant, West Union, SC was awardedthe ASME Performance Test Codes Medal … “for out-standing contributions to gas turbine technology and

dedicated service on the Board on Performance Test Codes,including chair of PTC Committee No. 22.” Established in 1981,the Performance Test Codes Medal is awarded to an individualor individuals who have made outstanding contributions to thedevelopment and promotion of ASME Performance Test Codes,including the Supplements on Instruments and Apparatus. Roy

received his medal at the recent ASME International Mechanical Engineering Con-gress and Exposition in Nashville, TN.

An expert in the application and performance of gas turbines, Roy currently pro-vides personal consulting services related to gas turbine technology development.

Roy’s vast experience includes serving in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers from1956 to 1958, followed by three years with Thompson Ramo Woolridge, Inc., nowTRW (Cleveland, OH).

In 1962 Roy began what became a 30-year career at the General Electric Com-pany (Schenectady, NY and Greenville, SC). Prior to his retirement from GE, heheld the position of manager of technology programs, with responsibility fordevelopment planning and budgeting, program management of new gas turbinemodels and management of research activities funded by outside agencies.

From 1992 to 1994, Mr. Allen served as the director of the advanced gas turbinesystems research program at the South Carolina Energy Research and Development

Dr. Aspi Rustom Wadia, aresident of Loveland,Ohio, and engineering

program leader at GE AircraftEngines (Cincinnati, OH), washonored recently by ASME asrecipient of the Society’s MelvilleMedal.

The medal, first awarded in1927, is the highest honor for the best original tech-nical paper published in the ASME Transactions in thepast two years. Wadia was recognized for a paper heco-authored entitled, “Inner Workings of Aerody-namic Sweep,” which was presented at ASMETURBO EXPO and examines the aerodynamic effectsof axial rotor blade sweep on the design of turbofans.

Over a 20-year career in the gas turbine industry,Wadia has made significant contributions benefit-ing compressive turbomachinery aerodynamicdesign. Through the utilization of evolving 3-Dcomputational fluid dynamic codes, Wadia hasachieved a number of firsts that represent evolu-

Roy P. Allen Receives ASME PerformanceTest Codes Medal

Aspi R. Wadia Wins Melville Medal

AWARDS

Roy P. Allen

Aspi R. Wadia

Center in Clemson. There, he was the first administra-tor of the DOE-funded gas turbine research programfor American universities.

Roy has been a member of the Board on Perfor-mance Test Codes (PTC) since 1994. He has devoted30 years of continuous service to PTC CommitteeNo. 22 on gas turbines, holding the position of dis-tinguished chair since 1987. In addition to his PTCactivities, Roy also served as chair of the Codes andStandards Committee B133, which is responsible forgas turbine procurement standards; and is presentlychair of TC192, the gas turbine technical committeeof the International Standards Organization.

During his career he has authored ASME and SAEpapers, GE state-or-the-art technology papers, tradejournal articles and the gas turbine section of theElectrical Engineers Handbook.

A member of ASME since 1963, Roy Allen is alsoa member of the Cornell Society of Engineers.

Roy earned his bachelor’s and master’s degrees inmechanical engineering from Cornell University(Ithaca, NY) in 1956 and 1963, respectively. He is aregistered professional engineer in New York. R

tionary payoffs in fan and compressor aerodynamic design. His identification of3-D relief has proven to be critical to compressor blading design in the endwallregion. His pioneering research work with forward sweep has culminated in testresults for performance and stability improvements that were called “revolution-ary” by government technical reviewers.

Wadia is presently the engineering program leader for the F110-GE-129enhanced fighter engine (EFE) at GE Aircraft Engines (GEAE). He has played aleadership role in the aerodynamic design of the F110-GE-129 EFE blisk fan, theLM2500+ and CF6-80C2 high pressure compressors and the LM6000PC/PD lowpressure compressor. GEAE has acknowledged his efforts with ManagerialAwards in 1988 and 1990 and the Six Sigma Award in 1998.

Wadia holds three patents and has published over 30 technical papers inarchival journals. An ASME Fellow, he has been a member of the IGTI Turboma-chinery Committee since 1983 and the IGTI Aircraft Engine Committee since1996. He has been session organizer, session chair or vice chair at TURBOEXPOs in 1989, 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998 and 1999.

After receiving his master’s degree in aerospace engineering at Cornell Uni-versity (Ithaca, NY) in 1977, Wadia went on to earn his doctorate at the Univer-sity of Texas at Arlington in 1979.

The co-authors of the award-winning paper, also with GE Aircraft Engines,are Peter N. Szucs, principal engineer-fan and compressor aero technology, andDavid W. Crall, P.E., manager-Tech56 compressor group. R


The Technical Congress

It has been said, “every significant advancement in gas turbine technologyin the last 30 years was first presented at ASME TURBO EXPO.” This year’sTechnical Congress promises to live up to that maxim once again.As a Technical Congress registrant you will choose from more than 130

paper and panel sessions offering state-of-the-art knowledge and vision con-cerning all aspects of gas turbine technology. The 614 papers presented inthese sessions are not marketing presentations, but peer reviewed papers ofthe very highest quality.

You also get to choose from another 20+ panel sessions that are part ofthe Gas Turbine Users Symposium (GTUS), and interact with leading indus-try professionals of every type. This represents more knowledge and experi-ence about gas turbine technology than you would have access to anywherein the world. What an opportunity to learn and to obtain solutions to yourmost challenging problems!

Visit our web site at www.asme.org/igti/te2000 for a complete list of thesessions and their scheduled times. Registration and housing forms are alsoavailable on the web site or by calling IGTI at +1 (404) 847-0072. R

Exposition

TURBO EXPO 2000 features a world-classExposition of more than 250 suppliers ofthe latest gas turbine products and services.

The three-day Exposition (8-10 May) will allowyou to network with industry professionals andfind answers to your practical design and opera-tional questions.

The exposition will showcase a full range ofgas turbine applications including ...

v Land-based Industrial Engines

v Commercial Power Plant Applications

v Utilities and IPPs

v Microturbines and Distributed Generation

v Marine Propulsion and Power Systems

v Oil and Gas Platforms

v Pipeline Applications

v Commerical and Military Aircraft Engines

v and much more.

Entry to the Exposition and Keynote Sessionis free of charge to all industry related personnel.Complimentary passes are available from IGTIand in the registration area on-site in Munich. R

}

~

...every significant advancement in gas turbinetechnology in the last 30 years was first

presented at ASME TURBO EXPO.


Award Winners

The following award winners will behonored at the Awards Banquet on Sunday,May 7 at the Park Hilton Hotel in Munich.

Tickets are available for purchase by contactingLaura Kemp at the IGTI office in Atlanta.E-mail: [email protected]

2000 R. Tom Sawyer AwardMartin C. Hemsworth

1998 ASME Gas Turbine AwardJosef Panosky and Robert E. Kielb

1998 John P. Davis AwardJean-Pierre Stalder

2000 Aircraft EngineTechnology Award

Peter C. Tramm

GGGGAAAASSSS TTTTUUUURRRRBBBBIIIINNNN EEEE

Hot User Issues Featured in GTUS

The Gas Turbine Users Symposium (GTUS) at TE 2000 inMunich will feature several issues of new and evolving impor-tance to the user community. Expert panels of users and other

contributors will discuss 22 key topics. Among these will be:

… Diesel Engines vs. Gas Turbines up to 300 MW( a CIMAC sponsored session.)

… Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics… Combined Cycle Plants – Several Options… Long-term Service Agreement Contracts – Trends and Experience… Microturbine Operational Experiences… User’s Lite and Technical Lite (see below)… Risk Management and Issues… Practical Aspects of Filtration and Compressor Fouling and Washing… Legacy Unit Upgrade and Uprates… Airfoil Repair Strategies for Reduced Life Cycle Costs… Cogeneration in Pipeline Compressor Stations… Retrofitting with New Materials… and much more.

Register today by visiting our web site at:www.asme.org/igti/te2000

New “Lite” Session Introduced into GTUS

A new two-part “Lite” session will be introduced into the GasTurbine Users Symposium in Munich this year. The two partsare “Users Lite” and “Technical Lite.” This innovative tutorial

and interactive session will promote dialogue and better understand-ing between two main TURBO EXPO constituencies: users of gas tur-bines and technologists who do the research and design.

In part one, “Users Lite,” Ron Natole of Natole Turbine Enterprises,Inc. will describe to technologists the power generation businessfrom an after-market perspective. Ron will describe the language ofthe business, distinguishing technical features of various framemachines, hot issues and problems facing users of the machines, andinsights on how technologists can help users address these problems.

In part two, “Technical Lite,” Dave Wisler of GE Aircraft Engineswill host presentations on several technical issues requested by users.Understandable explanations will be given for compressor stall, filmcooling, flutter/forced response, and thermal coatings.

The interactive tutorials will be followed by discussion. R

USERS SYMPOSIUM

REGISTER NOW!Session Schedules, Registration Formsand Housing Forms are all on the web.

GO TO OUR WEB SITE atwww.asme.org/igti/te2000 to register

OR

E-MAIL our office at:[email protected]

OR

CALL +1 (404) 847-0072


(Technology, Engineering and Manufacturing Divisions), Nuclear Power Generation, Hydro PowerPlants, and Fuel Cells. Mr. König took over the management of KWU’s Instrumentation and ControlDivision in 1992. He then coordinated plans for the integration of the fossil power generationbusinesses of Siemens and Westinghouse.

Mr. König will speak to the development of markets and players in today’s power industry, thedriving forces behind evolving technologies, and the outlook for the future.

Dr. Ing. Klaus Steffens will be the new President and CEO of MTU Munich, where he has beenExecutive Vice President Engineering and Production since 1996. Dr. Steffens has received numerousengineering awards and has presented papers at VDI, CIMAC, DGLR, and ISOABE conferences. He hasmade national and international presentations on the future of the aerospace business.

At TE 2000 Dr. Steffens will speak to the critical factors involved in aircraft engine development andhow changing markets are resulting in additional challenges. R

“Industry in Transition”...continued from front page

ASME CODES & STANDARDS OPEN FORUM:

Standardizationand Conformity

Assessment Needsfor Gas Turbines

Gas turbines are in the number oneposition in new electric power pur-chases, largely due to their high per-

formance. The utility market demandsreliability. The potential conflict between reli-ability and performance for these advancedturbines is the foundation of ASME’s involve-ment in the issue.

ASME Codes and Standards will hold anopen forum at the ASME TURBO EXPO inMunich, reviewing current ASME and ISO gasturbine standards, and eliciting experienceswith the advanced turbines in service today.

Tuesday, 9 May9:00h – 12:00h*

Chair: Don FrikkenChair of ASME Council on Codes and Standards

*Revised schedule from earlier publication.

IGTI is pleasedto announce that Otto Wiesheu, TheMinister of EconomicAffairs, Transport andTechnology, for theState of Bavaria, andHep Monatzeder, theMayor of the City ofMunich, will be partic-ipating in the openingkeynote session andoffering introductorycomments and wordsof welcome.

SUNDAY (7 MAY)Awards DinnerPark Hilton Hotel 19:30h - 22:00hOpen to those with special invitation orpaid ticket. (Tickets available from IGTI for$75.00 each)

MONDAY (8 MAY)Keynote AddressMOC 10:00h - 12:00hOpen to all registrants. (See page 1)

Exhibit Hall OpenMOC 12:00h - 18:00hGrand Opening 12:00h - 14:00hOpen to all registrants. (Complimentarypasses available at the MOC.)

Welcome ReceptionResidence Museum 19:00h - 20:30hAdmission by special ticket only. (Availablewhile they last on 8 May from “BadgePickup” at the MOC.)

Technical Congress and GTUS SessionsMOC 14:00h - 17:00hPaid registration required.

TUESDAY (9 MAY)IGTI Appreciation LuncheonMOC 12:00h - 13:30hBy invitation only.

Exhibit Hall OpenMOC 10:00h - 18:00hOpen to all registrants. (Complimentarypasses available at the MOC.)

Technical Congress and GTUS SessionsMOC 9:00h - 12:00h & 14:00h - 17:00hPaid registration required.

Codes and Standards Open Forum onStandardization and ConformityAssessment Needs for Gas TurbinesMOC 9:00h - 12:00hOpen to all registrants.

WEDNESDAY (10 MAY)Exhibit Hall OpenMOC 10:00h - 18:00hOpen to all registrants. (Complimentarypasses available at MOC.)

Technical Congress and GTUS SessionsMOC 9:00h - 12:00h & 14:00h - 17:00hPaid registration required.

Facility ToursSee updated details on the web site at:www.asme.org/igti/te2000/

THURSDAY (11 MAY)Technical Congress and GTUS SessionsMOC 9:00h - 12:00h & 13:30h - 16:30hPaid registration required.

Facility ToursSee updated details on the web site at:www.asme.org/igti/te2000/

Pamphlets and CD available. All614 Technical Papers for TE2000will be available in pamphlet formfor $5.00 each (+ tax). AND on CDfor $100 (+ tax) for all. This specialCD price is available only on-site atTE2000. The post-conference CDprice is $476.00 for ASME membersand $595.00 for non-members. Planto be in Munich to take avantage ofthis significant price difference.

Schedule Highlights


}

~

LETTER TO THE EDITOR...

Modern gasturbine and

fuel celltechnologiesare needed

with thehighest CHPefficiency toreplace high

pollutingenergysources.

efficiencies near 40%). However, in order to sat-isfy industry, the standard did provide a formulato give some relief for high efficiency machines.

Today’s machines are cleaner because of stan-dards and are efficient to satisfy the marketplace.Because total emissions are still a primary con-cern for the environment, many state standardsprovide a total emissions cap for major sourcesin areas that are “not attainable” in meeting fed-eral standards.

As engineers we may complain about “toostrict” government standards. In the case of the gasturbine, we seem to have been able to meet thepublic health standards and satisfy the demandsof the marketplace, which is really our job.

Ralph Kress P.E.ASME Fellow

AUTHOR’S RESPONSE …

Mr. Kress is quite right in his history of successof the industry achieving the ~25 ppm level, an80-90% reduction with the aid of governmentregulation. I agree with him on those points. Myarticle, however, questions the need to adopt amore stringent “near-zero” concentration NOxlevel for GTs, which I do believe will compro-mise their effectiveness and reliability in reduc-ing all of society’s various types of air pollution,greenhouse gases and toxic emissions. Moderngas turbine and fuel cell technologies are neededwith the highest CHP efficiency to replace highpolluting energy sources.

The near-zero approach (for NOx only) beingconsidered for GTs in some regions is very oner-ous, and in my view is only justifiable if all otherindustrial sources in an area are offered somesimilar treatment. This type of rule does not dealwith pollution prevention of other importantemissions, and may represent a barrier to sustain-able energy development. Energy output basedrules can also assist in policy development.

Thanks,

Manfred Klein, ChairIGTI Environmental and RegulatoryAffairs Committee R

The following letter was received in responseto Manfred Klein’s “Critical Issues” articlein the last issue of the Global Gas Turbine

News entitled, “Is Lower PPM Better?” Klein’sresponse follows. (Ed.)

Sirs: I was surprised and somewhat disturbed to

read Manfred Klein’s discussion of possiblechanges to the gas turbine standard to emphasizeoverall efficiency rather than emission concentra-tion. I have concluded he apparently believesemission concentration and efficiency is a con-tradiction in terms. The very fact that we nowhave very low levels of gas turbine emissions andhigh efficiencies decries this belief. The fact is,public health requirements drive gas turbinetechnology for low emissions and economicsdrive the technology for high efficiency, and thishas worked out quite well.

The 1970’s Clean Air Act created the Environ-mental Protection Agency to create standards “toprotect the health and welfare of the public.”Standards for air quality necessarily became pol-lutant concentration, an easily measurable tech-nology. It follows that stationary sources ofpollutant emissions should also be easily mea-surable and be in concert with air standards, sim-ply for ready estimation and calculation of airquality impact. Anyone who has done emissiondispersion analyses of stationary sources knowsthe complexity of the variables can only be satis-fied with measurable concentration units of theplume source.

I was a member (as a representative of thesmall gas turbine industry, up to 10,000 horse-power) of the original EPA industry and acade-mia advisory committee that helped develop thepresent Gas Turbine Standard. The subject of effi-ciency versus emission levels was thoroughly andfrequently discussed. At that time industrial tur-bines were producing 200 to 300 ppm of NOxand aircraft jet engines were starting to be usedas drivers for stationary source generators, withNOx levels approaching 1500 ppm. Many indus-try commentators felt that low emissions couldnot be had without deterioration of efficiency.(As we know now, this turned out not to be true.Many gas turbine manufacturers today offer sim-ple cycle dry combustor machines with guaran-teed NOx levels in the 25ppm range and


Whi

le th

ey la

st, p

ast i

ssue

s of t

he G

loba

l Gas

Tur

bine

New

s are

ava

ilabl

e fo

r $7.

50 fo

rth

e fir

st is

sue

and

$5.0

0 fo

r eac

h ad

ditio

nal i

ssue

if o

rder

ed a

t the

sam

e tim

e. P

rice

is p

osta

ge p

aid

in th

e U

.S.;

add

$3.0

0 pe

r ord

er fo

r shi

ppin

g an

d ha

ndlin

g ou

tsid

eth

e U

.S.

Belo

w a

re li

sted

key

arti

cles

by

topi

c are

a th

at a

ppea

red

in is

sues

of t

he G

GTN

bac

k to

1993

. Bec

ause

of o

verla

ppin

g ar

eas o

f sub

ject

mat

ter,

som

e ar

ticle

s are

list

ed m

ore

than

onc

e.Lo

cate

the

artic

les i

n w

hich

you

hav

e an

inte

rest

. Writ

e th

e IS

SUE

of th

e ne

wsl

ette

r AN

DTH

EAR

TIC

LEN

AME

on th

e or

der f

orm

(bei

ng ca

refu

l to

avoi

d du

plic

atio

n of

arti

cles

orde

red)

. Fax

you

r ord

er w

ith cr

edit

card

info

rmat

ion

to IG

TI o

r mai

l it w

ith a

chec

k fo

r pre

-pa

ymen

t. N

OTE

: Pric

es a

re b

ased

on

issu

es, n

ot o

n ar

ticle

s. Fu

ll is

sues

will

be

sent

if a

vaila

ble.

If fu

ll is

sues

are

not

ava

ilabl

e, w

e w

ill p

hoto

copy

the

artic

les o

f int

eres

t and

forw

ard

them

for

the

sam

e pr

ice

per i

ssue

. R

Past

Issue

s of G

GTN

Now

Ava

ilabl

e

YR

. ISSU

E#

PA

GE

SA

UT

HO

R(S

)T

ITLE

AIR

CRA

FT .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

99 N

o. 1

3.4

Thom

son,

Dan

et a

lTh

e N

atio

nal T

urbi

ne E

ngin

e H

igh

Cycle

Fat

igue

Pro

gram

98 N

o. 2

5St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 2)

97 N

o. 3

6St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 1)

97 N

o. 3

1.7Be

knev

, Vict

or e

t al

The

Role

of A

rkhi

p Ly

ulka

in S

ovie

t Airc

raft

Gas

Tur

bine

Dev

elop

men

t97

No.

34

Russ

o, C

arol

Chan

ging

the

Land

scap

e of

Civi

l Avia

tion

97 N

o. 3

0.7

(Ed.

)F-

22 R

apto

r Soa

rs in

Firs

t Flig

ht96

No.

26

Hei

ser,

Bill

et a

lU

.S. A

ir Fo

rce

Engi

ne M

anag

emen

t … A

Cra

dle-

to-G

rave

Pro

cess

96 N

o. 1

5G

illette

, Fra

nk C

. Jr

Des

igni

ng G

as T

urbi

ne E

ngin

es fo

r 21s

t Cen

tury

Mec

hani

cs95

Aug

/Sep

3Ac

klen

, Dar

bie

Arno

ld E

ngin

eerin

g D

evel

opm

ent C

ente

r Exp

ands

Cus

tom

er B

ase

toIn

clude

Com

mer

cial A

pplic

atio

ns95

Aug

/Sep

0.3

Lette

r to

the

Ed.

Re: F

irst J

et E

ngin

e in

Japa

n, N

E20

95 M

ar/A

pr2.

5Im

anar

i, Ku

niyu

kiFir

st Je

t Eng

ine

in Ja

pan,

NE2

094

Fall

3.2

Mar

tinda

le, I

anBi

rd In

gesti

on in

to A

ero-

Engi

nes

94 F

all0.

3(E

d.) e

t al

(shor

t arti

cle) B

ird H

azar

ds to

Airc

raft

94 F

all3

Shaw

, Rob

ert e

t al

Engi

ne T

echn

olog

y Ch

allen

ges f

or a

21s

t Cen

tury

Hig

h Sp

eed

Civil

Tra

nspo

rt94

Fall

3Ri

eker

t, Lo

uO

shko

sh ‘9

4 - o

r How

I Sp

ent M

y Su

mm

er V

acat

ion

94 F

eb3

(Ed.

)In

terv

iew:

S. M

ichae

l Hud

son

- The

New

Allis

on E

ngin

e Co

mpa

ny93

Nov

1.4(E

d.)

Inte

rvie

w: C

arol

Rus

so a

t NAS

A Le

wis

93 A

ug3

Wait

z, I.A

. et a

lEn

hanc

ing

Mix

ing

in G

as T

urbi

ne P

ropu

lsion

Sys

tem

sA

NA

LYSI

S .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

99 N

o. 2

1.7Kl

ein,

Man

fred

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: Is

Lowe

r PPM

Bet

ter?

99 N

o. 1

1.O

pdyk

e, G

. et a

lIn

accu

racy

of S

ingl

e D

igit

NO

x M

easu

rem

ent

99 N

o. 1

0.3

Lang

ston,

Lee

S.

An A

ltern

ative

to L

ow N

Ox

Requ

irem

ents

99 N

o. 1

3.4

Thom

son,

Dan

et a

lTh

e N

atio

nal T

urbi

ne E

ngin

e H

igh

Cycle

Fat

igue

Pro

gram

98 N

o. 1

4Ri

chwi

ne, B

ob e

t al

Relia

bilit

y M

easu

res U

nrel

iable

… It

’s Ti

me

for a

Cha

nge!

98 N

o. 1

4H

andr

ahan

, Gle

nnD

evel

opm

ent o

f an

Inte

ract

ive E

lect

roni

c Te

chni

cal M

anua

l97

No.

33.

4Lu

kas,

Hol

ger

Powe

r Aug

men

tatio

n Th

roug

h In

let C

oolin

g97

No.

14

Sonn

ichse

n, E

ric

Spin

Tes

ting

96 N

o. 3

5To

ucht

on, G

. et a

lLa

rge

Capa

city

Gas

Turb

ines

: Man

agin

g th

e Ri

sk a

nd D

elive

ring

the

Prom

ise95

Aug

/Sep

3Ac

klen

, Dar

bie

Arno

ld E

ngin

eerin

g D

evel

opm

ent C

ente

r Exp

ands

Cus

tom

er B

ase

toIn

clude

Com

mer

cial A

pplic

atio

ns95

May

/Jun

4N

atol

e, R

onG

as T

urbi

ne C

ompo

nent

s - R

epair

or R

eplac

e?95

May

/Jun

2.8

Stra

zisar

, A. J

. et a

lCF

D C

ode

Asse

ssm

ent i

n Tu

rbom

achi

nery

- A

Prog

ress

Rep

ort

94 F

all3.

2M

artin

dale

, Ian

Bird

Inge

stion

into

Aer

o-En

gine

s94

Aug

2.8

Stra

zisar

, A. J

.Th

e Ch

angi

ng R

oles

of E

xper

imen

tal a

nd C

ompu

tatio

nal F

luid

Mec

hani

cs94

Feb

4.2

Dun

das,

Robe

rt E.

Inve

stiga

tion

of F

ailur

es in

Gas

Tur

bine

s (Pt

. 2)

93 N

ov2.

7D

unda

s, Ro

bert

E.In

vesti

gatio

n of

Fail

ures

in G

as T

urbi

nes (

Pt. 1

)93

Aug

1.5De

nton

, Joh

n D.

Loss

Mec

hani

sms i

n Tu

rbom

achi

nes (

Cond

ense

d ‘9

3 Sc

holar

Awa

rd P

res.)

YR

. ISSU

E#

PA

GE

SA

UT

HO

R(S

)T

ITLE

ASM

E / I

GTI

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

99 N

o. 2

0.7

Riek

ert,

Lou

Hav

e Yo

u Se

en A

ny G

as T

urbi

ne L

andm

arks

Lat

ely?

99 N

o. 2

2St

eltz

, Willi

am G

.IG

TI &

ASM

E In

tern

atio

nal A

ward

s & H

onor

s95

No.

41

Doe

l, D

avid

L.

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: Th

e Fu

ture

of T

echn

ical S

ocie

ties

95 M

ay/Ju

n0.

3(E

d.)

IGTI

Los

es a

Frie

nd …

(Joh

n W

. “Ja

ck” S

awye

r)95

Mar

/Apr

0.4

(Ed.

)Bo

b H

arm

on L

oses

Bat

tle w

ith C

ance

r94

Fall

0.5

Judk

ins,

Rod

Trib

ute

to S

andy

Web

b94

May

1W

isler

, Dav

id C

.Cr

itica

l Iss

ues:

In D

efen

se o

f Jou

rnal

Stan

dard

s94

Feb

1O

pdyk

e, G

eorg

e W

hat i

s ISO

TC1

92 -

Gas

Tur

bine

s?94

Feb

1(E

d.)

Bob

Har

mon

Em

brac

es L

ife93

Nov

1.4(E

d.)

Inte

rvie

w: C

arol

Rus

so a

t NAS

A Le

wis

93 Ja

n/Fe

b1

Vaug

ht, J

ack

et a

lSt

and

Up

and

Be H

eard

(re:

ASM

E an

d go

vern

men

t rel

atio

ns)

93 Ja

n/Fe

b1

Sero

vy, G

eorg

eAS

ME

Jour

nals

Bind

Per

man

ent I

nter

est P

aper

sBA

SICS

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.97

No.

26

Lang

ston,

Lee

S.

Intro

duct

ion

to G

as T

urbi

nes f

or N

on-E

ngin

eers

96 N

o. 2

2.5

Gle

zer,

Boris

Are

U.S

. and

Rus

sian

Gas

Tur

bine

Dev

elop

men

t Sys

tem

s Diff

eren

t and

Can

They

Ben

efit

Each

Oth

er?

BIO

GRA

PHY

/ OBI

TUA

RY /

INTE

RVIE

W .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .99

No.

11

Luka

s, H

olge

rIn

Mem

ory

… A

ugus

tine

“Aug

ie” J

. Sca

lzo98

No.

20.

6Ri

eker

t, Lo

uIn

Mem

ory

… R

ober

t E. D

unda

s 192

6-19

9898

No.

20.

7Pr

isell,

Erik

In M

emor

y of

Dr.

Han

s von

Oha

in, J

et P

ione

er97

No.

31.7

Bekn

ev, V

ictor

et a

lTh

e Ro

le o

f Ark

hip

Lyul

ka in

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne D

evel

opm

ent

97 N

o. 3

1.6(E

d.)

In M

emor

iam …

Ger

hard

Neu

man

n (1

917-

1997

)96

No.

31.2

(Ed.

)Si

r Fra

nk W

hittl

e, Co

-Inve

ntor

of t

he Je

t Eng

ine,

Succ

umbs

to C

ance

r at 8

996

No.

31.8

Haw

thor

ne, W

. R.

Som

e N

otes

on

Fran

k W

hittl

e’s C

ontri

butio

n of

the

Turb

o-Je

t95

No.

44

(Ed.

)In

terv

iew

… w

ith G

eoffr

ey L

. Wild

e95

May

/Jun

0.3

(Ed.

)IG

TI L

oses

a F

riend

… (J

ohn

W. “

Jack

” Saw

yer)

95 M

ar/A

pr0.

4(E

d.)

Bob

Har

mon

Los

es B

attle

with

Can

cer

94 F

all0.

5Ju

dkin

s, Ro

dTr

ibut

e to

San

dy W

ebb

94 A

ugus

t2

Pfef

fer,

Alle

nA

View

Fro

m th

e Al

ps (r

e: jo

b ch

ange

exp

erie

nces

)94

May

4

(Ed.

)In

terv

iew

… w

ith B

rian

H. R

owe,

Cha

irman

of G

E Ai

rcra

ft En

gine

s94

Feb

3(E

d.)

Inte

rvie

w …

S. M

ichae

l Hud

son

- The

New

Allis

on E

ngin

e Co

mpa

ny94

Feb

1(E

d.)

Bob

Har

mon

Em

brac

es L

ife93

Nov

1.4

(Ed.

)In

terv

iew:

Car

ol R

usso

at N

ASA

Lewi

sCR

ITIC

AL

ISSU

E .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.99

No.

21.7

Klei

n, M

anfre

dCr

itica

l Iss

ues:

Is Lo

wer P

PM B

ette

r?96

No.

11

Chip

rich,

John

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: M

arin

e G

as T

urbi

ne D

evel

opm

ents

95 N

o. 4

1D

oel,

Dav

id L

.Cr

itica

l Iss

ues:

The

Futu

re o

f Tec

hnica

l Soc

ietie

s95

May

/Jun

1H

opki

ns, J

ames

E.

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: Th

e Ch

angi

ng W

orld

of C

ogen

erat

ion

95 M

ar/A

pr1.3

Balla

l, D

ilipCr

itica

l Iss

ues:

The

Gre

enin

g of

Com

busti

on &

Fue

l Tec

hnol

ogy

94 F

all1

Scalz

o, A

. J.

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: En

gine

erin

g Iss

ues f

or th

e 21

st Ce

ntur

y94

Aug

ust

1Ju

dkin

s, Ro

dCr

itica

l Iss

ues:

Hot

-Gas

Cle

anin

g94

May

1W

isler

, Dav

id C

.Cr

itica

l Iss

ues:

In D

efen

se o

f Jou

rnal

Stan

dard

s93

Jan/

Feb

1Va

ught

, Jac

k et

al

Stan

d U

p an

d Be

Hea

rd (r

e: A

SME

and

gove

rnm

ent r

elat

ions

)CY

CLES

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

97 N

o. 2

6La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.In

trodu

ctio

n to

Gas

Tur

bine

s for

Non

-Eng

inee

rs94

Fall

2H

ay, G

eorg

eIn

terC

oole

d Ae

roD

eriva

tive

(ICAD

) Gas

Tur

bine

Initi

ative

94 A

ugus

t2.

9Lu

kas,

Hol

ger

Cycle

s Rev

isite

d94

Feb

2La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.Co

mbi

ned

Cycle

Pow

er P

lants

- A P

rimer

for A

eroe

ngin

e En

gine

ers a

ndO

ther

s93

May

1.4Ri

eker

t, Lo

uCo

mbi

ned

Cycle

Pow

er P

lants

- The

Ene

rgy

Prod

uctio

n M

etho

d of

Cho

iceEM

ISSI

ON

S .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .99

No.

21.7

Klei

n, M

anfre

dCr

itica

l Iss

ues:

Is Lo

wer P

PM B

ette

r?99

No.

11

Opd

yke,

G. e

t al

Inac

cura

cy o

f Sin

gle

Dig

it N

Ox

Mea

sure

men

t99

No.

10.

3La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.An

Alte

rnat

ive to

Low

NO

x Re

quire

men

ts98

No.

22

Scho

rr, M

arvin

M.

Indu

strial

Com

busti

on C

oord

inat

ed R

ulem

akin

g (IC

CR) C

omm

ittee

Axe

dby

EPA

!96

No.

22.

7D

odge

, Pau

lG

as T

urbi

nes U

sed

to R

educ

e Po

llutio

n95

Mar

/Apr

1.3Ba

llal,

Dilip

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: Th

e G

reen

ing

of C

ombu

stion

& F

uel T

echn

olog

y


YR

. ISSU

E#

PA

GE

SA

UT

HO

R(S

)T

ITLE

FACI

LITI

ES .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

97 N

o. 1

4So

nnich

sen,

Eric

Spin

Tes

ting

95 A

ug/S

ep3

Ackl

en, D

arbi

eAr

nold

Eng

inee

ring

Dev

elop

men

t Cen

ter E

xpan

ds C

usto

mer

Bas

e to

Inclu

de C

omm

ercia

l App

licat

ions

94 A

ug

2H

asan

, Zar

iful

Coge

nera

tion

Succ

essfu

lly In

trodu

ced

at th

e Al

Kar

am Te

xtile

Mills

in P

akist

an93

May

1.6Cu

mps

ty, N

. A.

The

Whi

ttle

Labo

rato

ry -

Uni

vers

ity o

f Cam

brid

ge, E

nglan

dFU

TURE

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

99 N

o. 2

1.7La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.N

ew D

OE

Gas

Tur

bine

Pro

gram

to S

tart

the

New

Mille

nniu

m99

No.

14.

3W

atts,

Jam

es H

. M

ICRO

TURB

INES

: A N

ew C

lass o

f Gas

Tur

bine

Eng

ine

99 N

o. 1

0.4

(Ed.

)M

icrot

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y Su

mm

it97

No.

34

Russ

o, C

arol

Chan

ging

the

Land

scap

e of

Civi

l Avia

tion

96 N

o. 3

4La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.M

arke

t Driv

ers f

or E

lectri

c Pow

er G

as Tu

rbin

es: R

easo

ns fo

r the

Rev

olut

ion

96 N

o. 1

5G

illette

, Fra

nk C

. Jr.

Des

igni

ng G

as T

urbi

ne E

ngin

es fo

r 21s

t Cen

tury

Mec

hani

cs96

No.

15

Touc

hton

, Geo

rge

Gas

Tur

bine

s: Le

adin

g Te

chno

logy

for C

ompe

titive

Mar

kets

95 N

o. 4

4(E

d.)

Inte

rvie

w …

with

Geo

ffrey

L. W

ilde

95 N

o. 4

2.9

Rich

wine

, Bob

et a

lG

as T

urbi

ne D

esig

n Re

quire

men

ts Ch

angi

ng fo

r U.S

. Util

ities

95 N

o. 4

1D

oel,

Dav

id L

.Cr

itica

l Iss

ues:

The

Futu

re o

f Tec

hnica

l Soc

ietie

s95

Aug

/Sep

3.7

Silve

rste

in, C

alvin

C.

Can

the

Hea

t Pip

e M

eet G

as T

urbi

ne T

herm

al M

anag

emen

t Cha

lleng

es o

fth

e N

ext C

entu

ry?

94 F

all3

Shaw

, Rob

ert e

t al

Engi

ne T

echn

olog

y Ch

allen

ges f

or a

21s

t Cen

tury

Hig

h Sp

eed

Civil

Tra

nspo

rt94

Fall

1Sc

alzo,

A. J

.Cr

itica

l Iss

ues:

Engi

neer

ing

Issue

s for

the

21st

Cent

ury

HIS

TORY

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

98 N

o. 2

5St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 2)

97 N

o. 3

6St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 1)

97 N

o. 2

5Va

nder

Lin

den,

Sep

Orig

ins o

f the

Lan

d-Ba

sed

Gas

Tur

bine

96 N

o. 3

1.2(E

d.)

Sir F

rank

Whi

ttle,

Co-In

vent

or o

f the

Jet E

ngin

e, Su

ccum

bs to

Can

cer a

t 89

96 N

o. 3

1.8H

awth

orne

, W. R

.So

me

Not

es o

n Fr

ank

Whi

ttle’

s Con

tribu

tion

of th

e Tu

rbo-

Jet

96 N

o. 1

2Le

tters

to th

e Ed

.Au

tom

otive

Gas

Tur

bine

s ...

Butt

and

Re-B

utt

95 N

o. 4

4(E

d.)

Inte

rvie

w …

with

Geo

ffrey

L. W

ilde

95 N

o. 4

5W

ilson

, Dav

id G

.Au

tom

otive

Gas

Turb

ines

: Gov

ernm

ent F

undi

ng a

nd th

e W

ay A

head

(Pt.

3)95

Aug

/Sep

5W

ilson

, Dav

id G

.Au

tom

otive

Gas

Tur

bine

s: Pr

ogre

ss a

nd S

etba

cks (

Pt. 2

)95

Aug

/Sep

0.3

Lette

r to

the

Ed.

Re: F

irst J

et E

ngin

e in

Japa

n, N

E20

95 M

ay/Ju

n4

Wils

on, D

avid

G.

Auto

mot

ive G

as T

urbi

nes:

The

Pion

eers

95 M

ar/A

pr2.

5 Im

anar

i, Ku

niyu

kiFir

st Je

t Eng

ine

in Ja

pan,

NE2

094

Fall

0.4

Lette

r to

the

Ed.

Shor

t com

men

t re:

large

diam

eter

impe

ller r

esea

rch

revis

ited

… th

en a

nd n

owLA

ND

-BAS

ED .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

99 N

o. 2

1.7La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.N

ew D

OE

Gas

Tur

bine

Pro

gram

to S

tart

the

New

Mille

nniu

m99

No.

21.7

Klei

n, M

anfre

dCr

itica

l Iss

ues:

Is Lo

wer P

PM B

ette

r?99

No.

14.

3W

atts,

Jam

es H

.M

ICRO

TURB

INES

: A N

ew C

lass o

f Gas

Tur

bine

Eng

ine

99 N

o. 1

0.4

(Ed.

)M

icrot

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y Su

mm

it99

No.

11

Opd

yke,

G. e

t al

Inac

cura

cy o

f Sin

gle

Dig

it N

Ox

Mea

sure

men

t99

No.

10.

3La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.An

Alte

rnat

ive to

Low

NO

x Re

quire

men

ts98

No.

22

Scho

rr, M

arvin

M.

Indu

strial

Com

busti

on C

oord

inat

ed R

ulem

akin

g (IC

CR) C

omm

ittee

Axe

dby

EPA

!98

No.

14

Rich

wine

, Bob

et a

lRe

liabi

lity

Mea

sure

s Unr

eliab

le …

It’s

Tim

e fo

r a C

hang

e!97

No.

33.

4Lu

kas,

Hol

ger

Powe

r Aug

men

tatio

n Th

roug

h In

let C

oolin

g97

No.

25

Van

der L

inde

n, S

epO

rigin

s of t

he L

and-

Base

d G

as T

urbi

ne96

No.

34

Lang

ston,

Lee

S.

Mar

ket D

river

s for

Elec

tric P

ower

Gas

Turb

ines

: Rea

sons

for t

he R

evol

utio

n96

No.

35

Touc

hton

, G. e

t al

Larg

e Ca

pacit

y G

as T

urbi

nes:

Man

agin

g th

e Ri

sk a

nd D

elive

ring

the

Prom

ise96

No.

22.

7D

odge

, Pau

lG

as T

urbi

nes U

sed

to R

educ

e Po

llutio

n96

No.

15

Touc

hton

, Geo

rge

Gas

Tur

bine

s: Le

adin

g Te

chno

logy

for C

ompe

titive

Mar

kets

95 N

o. 4

2.9

Rich

wine

, Bob

et a

lG

as T

urbi

ne D

esig

n Re

quire

men

ts Ch

angi

ng fo

r U.S

. Util

ities

95 A

ug/S

ep3.

7Si

lvers

tein

, Calv

in C

.Ca

n th

e H

eat P

ipe

Mee

t Gas

Tur

bine

The

rmal

Man

agem

ent C

halle

nges

of

the

Nex

t Cen

tury

?95

Mar

/Apr

1.3Ba

llal,

Dilip

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: Th

e G

reen

ing

of C

ombu

stion

& F

uel T

echn

olog

y94

Fall

2H

ay, G

eorg

eIn

terC

oole

d Ae

roD

eriva

tive

(ICAD

) Gas

Tur

bine

Initi

ative

94 A

ugus

t1

Judk

ins,

Rod

Criti

cal I

ssue

s: H

ot-G

as C

lean

ing

94 A

ugus

t2

Has

an, Z

arifu

lCo

gene

ratio

n Su

cces

sfully

Intro

duce

d at

the

Al K

aram

Text

ile M

ills in

Pak

istan

YR

. ISSU

E#

PA

GE

SA

UT

HO

R(S

)T

ITLE

LAN

D-B

ASED

(con

tinue

d) .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .94

Feb

2La

ngsto

n, L

ee S

.Co

mbi

ned

Cycle

Pow

er P

lants

- A P

rimer

for A

eroe

ngin

e En

gine

ers a

ndO

ther

s93

May

1.4Ri

eker

t, Lo

uCo

mbi

ned

Cycle

Pow

er P

lants

- The

Ene

rgy

Prod

uctio

n M

etho

d of

Cho

iceM

ARK

ETS

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.93

Nov

.2

Soar

es, C

laire

M.

The

Volat

ile N

AFTA

Env

ironm

ent

MIL

ITA

RY .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

98 N

o. 2

5St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 2)

97 N

o. 3

6St

. Pet

er, J

ames

A Br

ief H

istor

y of

Sov

iet A

ircra

ft G

as T

urbi

ne T

echn

olog

y (P

t. 1)

97 N

o. 3

0.7

(Ed.

)F-

22 R

apto

r Soa

rs in

Firs

t Flig

ht96

No.

26

Hei

ser,

Bill

et a

l U

.S. A

ir Fo

rce

Engi

ne M

anag

emen

t … A

Cra

dle-

to-G

rave

Pro

cess

96 N

o. 1

5 G

illette

, Fra

nk C

. Jr.

Des

igni

ng G

as T

urbi

ne E

ngin

es fo

r 21s

t Cen

tury

MEC

HA

NIC

S .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

.95

Aug

/Sep

0.3

Lette

r to

the

Ed.

Re: F

irst J

et E

ngin

e in

Japa

n, N

E20

95 M

ar/A

pr2.

5Im

anar

i, Ku

niyu

kiFir

st Je

t Eng

ine

in Ja

pan,

NE2

094

May

4Co

llinge

, Ken

Lyco

min

g AG

T150

0 Po

wers

the

M1

Abra

ms …

A G

as T

urbi

ne S

ucce

ss S

tory

STA

NDA

RDS

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. . .

. .

98 N

o. 2

2Sc

horr,

Mar

vin M

.In

dustr

ial C

ombu

stion

Coo

rdin

ated

Rul

emak

ing

(ICCR

) Com

mitt

ee A

xed

by E

PA!

94 F

eb1

Opd

yke,

Geo

rge

Wha

t is I

SO T

C192

- G

as T

urbi

nes?

YR

. ISS

UE

AR

TIC

LE N

AM

EC

OST

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

_

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

_

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

_

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

_

____

____

___

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

____

____

_

Add

$3.

00 S

hipp

ing

if ou

tsid

e th

e U

.S.

____

____

___

Use

che

ck o

r cr

edit

card

. DO

NO

T SE

ND

CA

SH.

TOTA

L

Cha

rge

to:

o V

isa

o M

aste

r Car

d o

Am

erica

n Ex

pres

s o

D

iscov

er

o C

heck

Enc

lose

d

Acco

unt N

umbe

r: __

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

_Ex

pira

tion:

____

____

____

__

Car

dhol

der N

ame:

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

Sign

atur

e: _

____

____

____

____

____

____

_

SHIP

TO:

Nam

e:__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

_

Com

pany

Nam

e:__

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

___

Stre

et::

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

__

City

: ___

____

____

____

____

____

____

Stat

e: _

____

___

Zip

: ___

____

____

Cou

ntry

:___

____

____

____

___

Phon

e N

umbe

r: __

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

Fax

Num

ber:

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

__R

ETU

RN

WIT

H P

AYM

ENT

TO:

IGTI

• 57

75-B

GLE

NR

IDG

E D

RIV

E • S

UIT

E 37

0 • A

TLA

NTA

, GEO

RG

IA 3

0328

OR

FAX

WIT

H C

RED

IT C

AR

D IN

FOR

MAT

ION

TO

: (01

) (40

4) 8

47-0

151


A New Book from IGTI! Now Available for Immediate Delivery–

The History of AircraftGas Turbine EngineDevelopment in theUnited States...A Tradition of Excellenceby James St. Peter

This absorbing, anecdotal history of gas turbine enginedevelopment spans over 50 years of scientific discovery,corporate intrigue, and insight into the minds of the historic personalities who shaped one of the greatinventions of the 20th Century.

About the Book.From the technological

beginnings in England andGermany, through theproliferation of researchand development in theUnites States, through theGreat Engine Wars and thedevelopment of Mach 3and stealth aircraft, to themodern IHPTET programs,this history draws upon theremembrances of thoseinvolved and a multitudeof research sources that arequickly disappearing.

Included in the 600-page,hard-cover history are 19chapters and 69 engineaddenda, plus hundredsof photographs andillustrations, enginespecifications andperformance ratings,complete chapterendnotes, and a compre-hensive index... ideal forreading, reference orcontinuing research.

About the Author.James St. Peter is a

Technical Historiancontracted by the Air Forceto research and write thishistorical look into thedevelopment of aircraft gasturbine engines in theUnited States. He wasideally suited for thislandmark project becauseof his in-depth knowledgeof jet engines and previousresearch experience.

St, Peter was selected bythe Air Force WrightLaboratory, AeroPropulsion & PowerDirectorate, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base inDayton, Ohio. The effortwas co-sponsored andfinancially supported by the Army, Navy, AirForce, NASA, and theASME International GasTurbine Institute.

Easy to Order...

R ORDER ON-LINE FROMASME’S CATALOG—http://www.asme.org/catalog/Select the following 3 SearchCatagories to find this book.

Keyword(s): 800970

Search by: ASME order#

Section: Entire Catalog

R Order by PhoneIn the United Stated and Canada, call:

1-800-THE-ASME

Elsewhere, dial: +1 (973) 882-1167

Refer to ASME Book #800970when ordering from the PublicationsCenter.

ASME Member Price: $55.00Non-Member Price: $65.00


Global Gas Turbine News READER SERVICE CARD MAIL TO: IGTI • 5775-B Glenridge Drive, Suite 370 • Atlanta, GA 30328 USA

o FOR ADDRESS CORRECTION: Please check the box at left, and complete the form below with your current information.o FOR INFORMATION: Check the IGTI Web Site FIRST for items with (*). Otherwise, complete the return address information

below, and check the appropriate boxes.Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Job Title: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Company / Institution: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Street Address: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _City: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _State / County: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Mail Code: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Country: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Phone: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Fax: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _E-Mail: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

For the most up-to-date informationALWAYS CHECK THE IGTI WEB SITE FIRST AT ... http://www.asme.org/igti/

INTERNATIONAL GAS TURBINE INSTITUTE1999 - 2000 BOARD OF DIRECTORS

M I S S I O N S T A T E M E N TThe International Gas Turbine Institute of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is dedicated toproviding international forums for the exchange and development of information to improve the design,manufacture, operation and application of all types of gas turbines and related equipment.

©2000 ASME International Gas Turbine Institute. Printed in U.S.A.

Published by the International Gas Turbine InstituteThe American Society of Mechanical Engineers

5775-B Glenridge Drive, Suite 370, Atlanta, Georgia 30328-5380 USA Phone: 01 (404) 847-0072

Fax: 01 (404) 847-0151 or 01 (404) 843-2517E-Mail: [email protected] • Web Site: http://www.asme.org/igti/

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDRobert Kielb, Chair Dilip R. Ballal

David C. Wisler Ronald Natole

STAFF EDITORDavid H. Lindsay, IGTI, Atlanta, Georgia

CIRCULATION 15,000 • ATLANTA, GEORGIA USA • ASME INTERNATIONAL GAS TURBINE INSTITUTE

Volume 40: 2000, No. 1

CHAIRH. ALLAN KIDDDresser Rand Co.

VICE CHAIRROBERT KIELB

GE Aircraft Engines

CHAIR OF CONFERENCESDAVID C. WISLERGE Aircraft Engines

ASME VICE PRESIDENT-IGTILEE S. LANGSTON

University of Connecticut

REVIEW CHAIRDILIP R. BALLAL

University of Dayton

PAST CHAIRJEFFREY N. SHINN

MEMBER-AT-LARGETORSTEN H. FRANSSONRoyal Institute of Technology

MEMBER-AT-LARGEHOWARD W. HOLLAND

Enron Engineering and Construction

TREASURERGEORGE OPDYKE, JR.Dykewood Enterprises

MANAGING DIRECTORANN E. McCLURE

International Gas Turbine Institute

Check all for which you desire additional information:o (1) IGTI Projects & Services*o (2) ASME Membership*o (3) Global Gas Turbine News Subscription Information*

ASME TURBO EXPO 2000 - Munich, Germany (8-11 May)*(also see articles in this newsletter)

ASME TURBO EXPO 2001 - New Orleans, LA (4-7 June)o (4) Call for Papers*

HOME STUDY COURSE INFORMATION:o (5) Basic Gas Turbine Engine Technology*o (6) Design of Gas Turbine Engines—

Thermodynamics and Aerodynamics*o (7) Gas Turbine Applications and Economics*

o (8) Scholarships for ASME Student Sections*

o (9) Journal Subscription Subsidy for ASME (#22-IGTI) Members*o (10) Journal Subscription Information for Others2000, No. 1

o (11) 2000 IGTI Technology Report & Product Directory (prepay $10.00 S&H)

o (12) IGTI Technical Committee Information*(Specify)__________________________________________________________

DIRECTORY OF TECHNICAL PAPERS from ASME TURBO EXPO, ETC.–Cost/Order Form:*o (13) Vol. 1: 1957 - 1986o (14) Vol. 2: 1987 - 1991

Note that paper titles for 1990 thru 1999 (with ordering instructions) appear onthe IGTI web site*

o (15) AGARD-AR-245 “Recommended Practices for Measurement of Gas PathPressures and Temperatures for Performance Assessment of Aircraft TurbineEngine Components.” Prepay $25.00 to IGTI. (Includes S&H)

o (16) The History of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Development in the United Statesby James St. Peter. Order ONLY through ASME headquarters. (Book No.:800970) $55.00 ASME members; $65 non-members; plus S&H*

COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Contributors to Awards and Scholarships...For the first time, in conjunction with registering for TURBO EXPO 2000, IGTI has provided an opportunity to

contribute to the Awards and Scholarships Programs of the Institute.We are pleased to announce that we have started to receive donations. The following generous contributors have

kicked off this program, and we thank them for their support...

Alexandr Belokon v James Carlyle v Mario DeCorso v Howard HollandRichard Roby v Takayuki Sakai v Dmitry Volkov v Reinhard Willinger

Join this growing list of supporters. Contact IGTI for details on how you too can make your tax deductible donation.

“BASIC GAS TURBINE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY”Second Edition

This home Study Course is a 162 page non-mathematical approach to understanding the fundamental nature of gas turbineengines and the processes which affect their performance. The Course is ideally suited to technicians and management per-

sonnel. It will also prove to be of value to those engineers starting their careers in the fields of gas turbine engine and auxiliaryequipment operation, maintenance or service, specification, sales and manufacture.

Introduced in 1985, more than 4,000 orders for “Basic Gas Turbine Engine Technology” have been received from industrypersonnel throughout the world. Here is a sample of comments from some of those completing the course:

“Excellent introductory course that maintains your interest throughout.”William G. Machingo, Staff Engineer. Wright Patterson AFB.

“Initially we put one trainee on the Course and found it to be a good indoctrination to the world of gas turbines...we have now put several key personnel, including our Managing Director, through the Course.”

Timothy A. Trott, Operations Manager, Maghraby Limited.

Course ContentThe Course is organized into ten chapters. Following each chapter when you are ready, you will take a test on that material. Take

your time in answering the questions and feel free to double check by referring to the text material. When you are satisfied, send thecompleted tests to the International Gas Turbine Institute in Atlanta for scoring. Your corrected answer sheets will be returned foryour information and review. When you have finished the the entire Course, you will receive a Certificate of Completion.

The cost of $145.00 U.S. includes the text, grading and return of exam questions, and issuance of your Certificate of Comple-tion. A special discount price of $95.00 U.S. is available to qualifying students. R

HOME STUDY COURSESCOURSE DESCRIPTIONS

}This coursegives a good

generalunderstandingof gas turbinesin an easy-to-read format.

~Mark Wolfanger,Engineering Technician,

Dresser-Rand/Alfred State College

}Excellent reviewof cycle

thermodynamicsand

performanceanalysis forengineers

involved in unitselection for

electric powerapplications.

~Albert Taylor, Senior Engineer,R.W. Beck, Inc.

“THE DESIGN OF GAS TURBINE ENGINES–Thermodynamics & Aerodynamics”Second Edition

This Home Study Course introduces you to the fundamen-tal principles for thermodynamic analysis and design of

gas turbine components and systems, with insight into designpractice. Selected gas turbine hardware is illustrated anddescribed in the accompanying videotape. A companion per-sonal computer program facilitates investigation of the effectsof chosen design parameters on performance. This Course isintended for graduate engineers with a knowledge of thermo-dynamics and an interest in design analysis and performanceprediction of gas turbines and components.

Course ContentThis 445 page Course consists of 13 chapters and 8

appendices conveniently arranged in one 3-ring binder.At the end of each chapter is a test that will help you

measure your understanding of the content and your abilityto work related problems. Test sheets contain multiplechoices for ease of scoring by IGTI; however, when yourscored answer sheet is returned, it will be accompanied by adetailed solution to each problem and an explanation ofanswers to other questions.

THE VIDEOTAPE: The two-hour videotape in for VHScassette players and is available in either NTSC (U.S.) or PAL(European) format. When ordering, be certain to specifywhich format you require.

THE COMPUTER PROGRAMS: With this Course youreceive software programs with which you can calculate theperformance of both simple and fairly complex cycles. Pro-grams may be run on most IBM or IBM compatible equip-ment. They are designed for immediate use and do notrequire a compiler or a math coprocessor.

The cost of $345.00 U.S. for the Course includes the text,videotape, computer diskette(s), scoring and return of examquestions and answer sheets, and issuance of a Certificate ofCompletion. A special discount price of $225.00 U.S. isavailable to qualifying students. R

“GAS TURBINE APPLICATIONS &ECONOMICS”

If you are involved in the application of gas turbines in suchdiverse fields as power generation, auxiliary power systems,

and cogeneration, or would like to understand more aboutthe design and performance of gas turbine power systems,this course is for you.

Course ContentPerformance is the key to application decisions involving

gas turbines, and this course begins with a review of thethermodynamic principles for the prediction of performanceof several gas turbine types. The involved processes aredescribed, from simple gas turbine cycles, to complexregenerative and cogeneration cycles. Many example calcula-tions are included, and preferred cycles for several differentapplications are described.

Performance includes economic optimization as well asefficiency, power output, and emissions control; and thecourse includes an economic optimization method based onan objective equation. Combustion emission laws andmethods of compliance are discussed. A computer program,GTSHAFT, on disk is included with the course for the para-metric analysis and optimization of gas turbine systemsdesign. The GTSHAFT program includes both the executablefiles and the source code for convenient student use.

The 228 page Course is divided into nine chapters, andincludes discussions of designs and performance calcula-tions, many worked examples, and actual case studies of suc-cessful applications. Self-testing exercises, which will becorrected by IGTI, are included.

The cost of $215.00 U.S. includes the text, computerdiskette, scoring and return of exam questions, and issuanceof a Certificate of Completion. A special discount price of$140.00 U.S. is available to qualifying students. R

}A great course for turbine operators!~Arthur Hamilton, Watch Supervisor,Pawtucket Power


HOME STUDY COURSESORDER YOURS TODAY!

”BASIC” COURSE X QUANTITY = COST

o Standard Rate $145.00 U.S. X ____________ = ___________

o Student Rate $95.00 U.S. X ____________ = ___________(full-time students only)*

+ Shipping & Handling(add $15.00 each in U.S.; $40.00 each outside U.S.) = ___________

+ Taxes (CA, GA, IL, TX and D.C. must add the appropriate = ___________state and local sales taxes or furnish an exemption certificate.Purchasers in Canada should add 7% “Goods & Services Tax”or provide a Goods & Services Tax Number if exempt from tax.) __________________

”BASIC” COURSE TOTAL = ___________

”APPLICATIONS” COURSE X QUANTITY = COST





”APPLICATIONS” COURSE TOTAL = ___________

NOTE: When ordering “APPLICATIONS” Course please check one of thefollowing to specify type of Computer Diskette:

o 3.5" DS-DD o 3.5" HD

”DESIGN” COURSE X QUANTITY = COST





”DESIGN” COURSE TOTAL = ___________

NOTE: When ordering “DESIGN” Course please check one of the following tospecify type of Computer Diskette:

o 3.5" DS-DD o 3.5" HD

NOTE: When ordering “DESIGN” Course please check one of the following tospecify type of Video Tape:

o VHS/NTSC (U.S.) o VHS/PAL (Europe)

*Student rate also applies if this home study course is usedas part of a for-credit college curriculum.

For Tables of Contents, refer to our website at http://www.asme.org/igti/

HOME STUDY COURSE ORDER FORMORDER INSTRUCTIONS:1. Complete shipping address information (No P.O. Box addresses, please!).

2. Complete price information for relevant courses (include taxes and/orshipping and handling costs per instructions). Duty on non-U.S. shipments is theresponsibility of the purchaser.

3. Complete payment information as appropriate. Checks payable to IGTI. Mustbe in U.S. dollars and drawn on a U.S. bank. (Sorry, no wire transfers.)

4. Fax (with credit card information) to (01) (404) 847-0151;or mail (with other form of payment) to:IGTI • 5775-B Glenridge Drive, Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30328 U.S.A.

METHOD OF PAYMENT: (please check one)

o Check or Money Order in U.S. FUNDS ONLY (Attach)

o Credit Card - Please charge to my:

o VISA o Master Card o American Express o Discover

Expiration Date: _________________________________________________________________________________________

Card Number: ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Name of Cardholder: _________________________________________________________________________________

Cardholder Signature: ________________________________________________________________________________

SHIPPING ADDRESS:

Date:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Title: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Company: __________________________________________________________________________________________________

Street Address: (No P.O. Box) Check One: o Home o Office

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

City:_____________________________________________________________ State: _____________________________________

Zip/Mail Code: ________________________________ Country: __________________________________________

Phone: ______________________________________________ Fax: __________________________________________________

FULL-TIME STUDENTS* (if applying for student rate):

School: _______________________________________________________________________________________________

Student Number: ______________________________________________________________________________


INTERNATIONAL GAS TURBINE INSTITUTEThe AMERICAN SOCIETY of MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

5775-B Glenidge Drive, Suite 370Atlanta, GA 30328 USA

NON-PROFITORGANIZATION

U.S. POSTAGEPAID

ATLANTA, GEORGIAPERMIT NO. 2685


To commemorate the arrival of the newmillennium, the engineering communityin the United States selected the top 20

engineering achievements of the 20th Century.The National Academy of Engineering (NAE),during Engineers Week late last month,announced the results of this poll. The overrid-ing criterion used by NAE to rank the achieve-ments was the degree to which eachachievement contributed to the quality of lifeduring the past 100 years.

Electrification and Airplanes took first andthird place respectively on this list. Today, boththese inventions are powered by gas turbines. Itis estimated that the world market share of gasturbine engines over this decade, valued ataround $350 billion, will be about equallydivided between electric power generation andaircraft engines.

The aircraft gas turbine was invented about 60years ago by Dr. Hans von Ohain in Germany andby Sir Frank Whittle in England. The first gas tur-bine powered von Ohain-designed He.S.3b jetengine flew in a Heinkel He 178 aircraft on 27August 1939 in Rostock, Germany. A “Symposium60 Jahre Turbostrahlflug,” held in Rostock on 27August 1999, celebrated this event. A plaque com-memorating the first successful flight of a gas tur-bine-powered aircraft was erected at the site of the(old) Heinkel factory where Hans von Ohaindesigned his jet engine.

Gas Turbines Power Top EngineeringAchievements of 20th CenturyBallal to Present Seminar in Gottingen, Germany Prior to TURBO EXPO 2000

In the United States, the 60th anniversary cel-ebration was held in Dayton, Ohio. A “Walk ofFame” stone slab engraved with the name ofHans von Ohain was laid at the Dayton Interna-tional Airport in July 1999. The University ofDayton installed Dilip Ballal (IGTI Review Chairfor ASME TURBO EXPO 2000) as a Hans vonOhain Distinguished Professor on 7 October1999 and presented him with a University ofDayton Hans von Ohain medal. Also, the Uni-versity of Dayton and General Electric Companyestablished two Hans von Ohain/GE doctoralstudent fellowships in gas turbine technology.

On 5 May 2000, Dilip Ballal will present aresearch seminar, co-sponsored by the GermanAerospace Center (DLR) and the Max PlanckInstitute, in the Physics Department of the Uni-versity of Gottingen, Germany. This seminar isdedicated to the memory of Hans von Ohain,who conceived the idea of building a gas turbinein the 1930s, while still a student in the PhysicsDepartment at the University of Gottingen. InAugust 2000, a second lecture entitled, “SixtyYears of Progress in Gas Turbine Technology: TheLegacy of von Ohain and Whittle,” will be pre-sented at Cranfield University in England tohonor both, Hans von Ohain and Sir Frank Whit-tle, the co-inventors of the aircraft gas turbine.

The 60th anniversary celebration of the inven-tion of aircraft gas turbines will conclude inDayton, Ohio on 27 August 2000. R

Dilip Ballal

wolfgang demisch to addressfiles.asme.org/igti/news/25214.pdfexpo experience is 3 to 1. the benefit...

Documents