wlp news no 5
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
Land Exchange UpdateWestern Land Exchange ProjectSeattle, Washington
R e s e a r c h , A d v o c a c y , a n d O u t r e a c h
f o r L a n d E x c h a n g e P o l i c y R e f o r mJune 1999 Vol.3, No.
COURT HALTS LOGGINGON LAND TRADED TO
WEYERHAEUSER
By Rachael Paschal, President,Western Land Exchange Project
Testament to the destruction wrought by theWeyerhaeuser Corporation, Huckleberry Mountain
is wasted with clearcuts and roads that havebrought the Green River watershed to the very
edge of ecological collapse. But a recent decision
from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has affordedHuckleberry Mountain a temporary reprieve.
In 1996 Weyerhaeuser (Weyco) and the Forest
Service (USFS) entered into an extraordinary deal.In exchange for 4,300 acres of the last remaining
native forest on Huckleberry Mountain in the Mt.Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, the public was
traded about 30,000 acres of corporate lands,
consisting mostly of clearcuts, young plantations,and high-elevation “rocks and ice.”
Pilchuck Audubon Society, Huckleberry Mountain
Protection Society, and the Muckleshoot IndianTribe opposed the trade, and sued in federal court.
After losing there, attorneys David Vogel and Greg
O’Leary appealed to the Ninth Circuit.
In oral argument held in Seattle in March, threeappellate judges severely questioned USFS
attorneys about the adequacy of the environmentalanalysis. The judges appeared incredulous when
Weyco’s attorney argued that the appeal was mootbecause deeds had already been exchanged and
Weyerhaeuser had “destroyed” ten percent of theland. (Weyco later stated that it had received
permits to log that amount, but had only logged 3
percent).
The landmark May 19, 1999 opinion in Mucklesho
Indian Tribe, et al. v. U.S. Forest Service held wit
the plaintiffs, stating that the decision to approvethe Huckleberry trade was flawed and must be
returned for further analysis. The decisionunequivocally established that federal agencies
must conduct a more comprehensive review of la
exchange proposals under the NationalEnvironmental Policy Act (NEPA). The Court also
addressed impacts to cultural resourcesa pivotaissue for the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, to whom
Huckleberry Mountain is of great historic andspiritual importance.
Destruction of an ancient Indian trail
The trade gave Weyco a lengthy section of the17.5-mile Huckleberry Divide Trail, an important
ancestral transportation route of the MuckleshootIndian Tribe. The trail is protected under the
National Historic Preservation Act, yet Weyco’slogging would plainly destroy it. The Court rejec
the mitigation plan, which entailed photographing
and mapping the trail it prior to its destruction.The Court remanded, suggesting that deed
restrictions (such as easement or covenant) woulprovide more appropriate protections.
Cumulative effects
The Court also remanded on two NEPA issues.
NEPA requires agencies to analyze the cumulative
effects of a project in conjunction with past,present, and future projects in the same area.
In this case, the analysis would have to look at th
1984 Alpine Lakes Land Exchange, whichtransferred several thousand acres in the Green
River out of federal ownership, as well as PlumCreek Timber Company’s upcoming I-90 Land
Exchange, trading public lands in the same
watershed. The USFS had argued that the I-9Exchange was too speculative to warrant
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
consideration, but the Court noted that the trade
was announced five months before the Huckleberrydecision was approved.
The Court found that the cumulative effects
analysis was “very general and one-sided,” that it“failed to evaluate the near term impacts of
Weyerhaeuser’s logging of old growth timber in anymeaningful fashion,” and that the “Forest Service
abused its discretion” in ignoring the impacts of other exchanges.
New alternatives: restrictions or purchase
The Court ruled that the agency did not fulfill itsduty under NEPA to consider an adequate range of
alternatives for the project.
Lands traded on both sides of the Huckleberry swap
fall within the “checkerboard” of alternating publicand corporate-held lands created by the Northern
Pacific Railroad land grant of the 1800s. Thepurpose of the exchange was to “consolidate land
ownership patterns where consistent landmanagement applies across large blocks of land.”
But the EIS considered only three optionstherequired “no-action” alternative and two very
similar exchange scenarios.
The Court upheld plaintiffs’ argument that the
agency should have considered at least two otheralternatives. The firstdeed restrictions on the
land traded to Weyco requiring more protectivelogging standardshad been eliminated from
analysis by the USFS because it would decreaseWeyco’s incentive to trade. The Court pointed out
that land exchange regulations promulgated under
the Federal Land Policy and Management Act(FLPMA) specifically direct agencies to reserve
rights on public exchange lands where necessary toprotect the public interest. The Court was troubled
that the USFS failed to consider this alternative,which is “more consistent with its basic policy
objectives” than the alternative that was approved.
A second new alternative would involve outright
purchase of the Weyco lands using the federal Land
and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), specificallyearmarked for public land purchases. The USFS didnot analyze this option, arguing that the availability
of LWCF funds was too speculative to consider.The Court found that LWCF purchase was in fact a
reasonable alternative and should have been
analyzed.
Logging is stopped
The Ninth Circuit ordered an immediate halt tologging and other activities on the exchanged
lands. The vast majority of the forest traded to
Weyerhaeuser still stands. Now, the USFS ischarged with conducting a new analysis to addres
the deficiencies in the 1996 EIS. Clearly, this waffect the configuration of the Huckleberry
exchange, but it also raises the possibility that thtrade might be reversed.
It would be difficult to overstate the potentialimpact of the Huckleberry decision on federal land
exchange policy. Agencies must now consider nalternatives, better enabling the public to weigh t
effects of swapping land unencumbered to privateinterests. The decision also affirms the right of t
courts under FLPMA to review whether a land
exchange serves the public interest. The NinthCircuit’s decision clearly demonstrates that land
exchanges must be held to a higher standard.
We owe a debt of gratitude to Pilchuck Audubon,Huckleberry Mountain Protection Society, and the
Muckleshoot Indian Tribe. Their controversial andifficult battle pays tribute to Huckleberry Mounta
and to all public lands sacrificed under misguided
land exchange policies.
For background on the Huckleberry Land Exchange, seepast issues of Land Exchange Update, posted on our wesite at www.westlx.org. The Ninth Circuit decision canalso be read from a link on our “press room” web page
CROWN PACIFIC SETTLESPhoto: Kathie D
Think we should give them some more trees?
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CROWN PACIFIC SETTLES
TO BLOCK FURTHER LITIGATIONIn a move to block further court challenges against
its land exchange with the US Forest Service,
Crown Pacific, L.P. has offered a settlement thatwould protect about 3,000 acres of old growth in
the Deschutes National Forest in central Oregon.
In October 1998, the timber company and theForest Service were sued by the Western Land
Exchange Project, Sierra Club Juniper Group,Central Oregon Forest Issues Committee, and WildWilderness. Plaintiffs are represented by Carrie
Stilwell of Western Environmental Law Center inEugene.
Among the central issues brought by plaintiffs was
the net loss to the public of 3,000 to 3,500 acres of old growth. In a mid-April decision, Federal DistrictCourt Judge Helen Frye decided in Crown’s favor.
Despite this victory, Crown quickly offered a
settlement in order to fend off further appeals.
Crown proposed a “special management area”
(SMA) on 3,040 acres of the public land thecompany would receive in the trade. The SMAwould be managed to create habitat for old-growth
dependent species including the northern goshawk
and the white-headed woodpecker, both indicator
species for old-growth Ponderosa pine habitat.Old-growth Ponderosa pine is one of the most
endangered plant communities in the world, and itis estimated to have been reduced to about 3percent of its original range in the Deschutes
National Forest.
Plaintiffs called off negotiations in late April whenCrown’s offer went from vague to worse and the
company refused to accept input. In a statementissued to the press, Sierra Club spokespersonSandy Lonsdale said, “What they originally offered
was a long-term conservation plan, but this is mo
like a quick-liquidation logging plan.”
Crown reopened negotiations soon after. Plainti
changed the boundaries of the proposed SMA,removing much of the trashed land the companywas offering and adding several hundred acresmore of intact old growth.
The land will be put into a 100-year conservationeasement granted to the Deschutes Basin Land
Trust (DBLT). The SMA will be managed underprescriptions to be developed by Bill Hopkins, areecologist for the Forest Service and theacknowledged expert on eastside old growth.
Hopkins will create the prescriptions without inputfrom Crown Pacific, but plaintiff groups and theDBLT will be allowed to review the plans. All tre
of 21 inches or greater diameter at breast height
will be retained, and pre-commercial thinning andprescribed fire may be used in some areas. CroPacific will manage the land according to Hopkins
prescriptions and will pay DBLT to monitor itsactivities.
Two years ago, the plaintiffs and other citizens’
groups and asked the Forest Service to put
restrictions on the trade to limit logging on thepublic land going to Crown Pacific, and not to trad
any old-growth forest to the company. But theagency refused to ask Crown for any concessions
Western Land Exchange Project director Janine
Blaeloch expressed bitterness toward the agencyfor its failure to protect the public’s interests.“The Forest Service generally goes along with
whatever timber companies want. We’re the oneswho ended up having to negotiate to save sometrees while the Forest Service did nothing.”
! ! ! ! ! ! !
We wish to acknowledge the invaluable help (in its myriad forms) of David Vogel, Sharon Gilpin
and John Bodin, Sandy Lonsdale, Andy Ryan, Steve Huddleston, Tim Lillebo, Tom Squires, Stevi
Staples, Ray Ziarno, the Heartwood clan, Tim Greyhavens and Jen Clanahan, Dave Bahr and Da
Stotter, John Loftus, Stuart Lewin, and Judi Brawer and all the folks at American Wildlands
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"See, the thing about Idaho is: everything
is always worse than you imagined it
would be, and there are always some
things which are worse than you imagined
they could be, and on top of it all
everything is always getting worse than it
already is, including the things which
appear to be getting better."
Erik Ryberg
M a s s iv e I d a h o l a n d t r a d e w i th d r a w nas pu b l ic ge ts w is e
In early March the Western Land Exchange Project
learned from an anonymous source that ClearwaterLand Exchange (CLE), an Orofino, Idaho-based landexchange facilitator, was cooking up a 2 million
acre land swap.
The trade would involve public and private landthroughout that state, including lands managed by
the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), ForestService, Idaho Department of Fish & Game, andscattered private land holdings.
The company began planning its mega-deal aboutfive years ago, and quietly started shopping theidea to conservation and hunting groups last year.
The catch is, neither the BLM nor the Forest Service
were consulted about the plan. It wasn’t until theIdaho Spokesman-Review broke the news in a
series of articles that federal agency officialslearned of the scheme. One BLM official expressedanger at the secrecy and stated that his agency
would have no interest in doing a deal with CLE.
CLE has engineered dozens of
land swaps in Idaho and other
western states. Individualsinvolved in the company arealso associated with other
business concernsOlson Land
Company, Clearwater RealEstate, and Snake River Land
Exchangethat facilitate land
deals.
In its defense, the companytouts its record of “win-win” land trades. Theseinclude:
The Upper Priest Lake Exchange, in which agrove of ancient cedars Plum Creek Timber
Company sold to a Clearwater associate for
$1.5 million was traded to the Forest Service 6years later at a value of $8.7 million.
The Channeled Scablands exchange in northeast
Washington State, wherein the BLM traded10,000 acres of scattered timber parcels(including rare old-growth Ponderosa pine) for
40,000 acres of overgrazed private lands.
Company spokesperson Darrel Olson insisted in thpress that CLE would adhere to a full public
involvement process and environmental review fothe exchange, but there is widespread suspicion
that the company plans to take its swap to
Congress, where these processes could be waivedin order to get the deal done. The office of SenaLarry (No-Net-Gain-of-Public-Lands) Craig
disclaimed knowledge of the plan, but commentedfavorably on the idea.
The Spokesman-Review received several letters
from an outraged public, and the formerly secrettrade was the subject of radio talk shows in BoiseAs the controversy reached a fevered pitch, CLE
issued a press release stating they werewithdrawing their exchange concept due to
“premature exposure.”
It is assumed that CLE will return with some newincarnation of the mega-swap, and as publicopinion turns more strongly against land trades, i
is likely that the company will seek a legislative fiWhether agency oppositionwould be strong enough to
quash the deal remains to be
seen.
The Spokesman-Review articleon CLE and its plans can be
viewed on our new “PressRoom” web page:http://www.westlx.org/press.ht
In Oregon, a
THREE mil lion acre swap…
For almost two years, the Western Land Exchange
Project and others have been tracking the slow
progress of a planned swap in Oregon that couldeventually involve the entire Umpqua watershed,
an area covering 3 million acres.
Beginning in 1997, Seneca Jones Timber Co.,Weyerhaeuser, and International Paper conducted
study for a series of exchanges that would trade
streamside private holdings for public forest landsin the basin. The timber companies assert they
should be given lands they can log because of restrictions on their environmentally-sensitive
holdings.
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
“They call me biased when they’re
reviewing their own work instead of
bringing in independent experts?”
Roy Keene to Seattle Times
The USFS and BLM supervised the study, partially
funded by the public, with a 15-member policy
committee that includes 9 industry or pro-industryrepresentatives and 4 conservationists. The study
has been peer-reviewed by several Northwestforest scientists, who expressed concerns regarding
the compatibility of the exchange with the goals of the Northwest Forest Plan.
The project is currently being managed by theWorld Forestry Center in Portland. Members of
WFC’s board of directors have included SteveRogel, CEO of Weyerhaeuser, and Oregon State
University John Byrne, who has also served on theboards of Burlington Northern Railroad, Plum Creek
Management Company, and Burlington Resources.
While the proponents recently told the Western
Land Exchange Project they have not discussedlegislation for the exchange, it is feared that a
trade this large, into which so much has been
invested, will inevitably end up in a bill or anappropriations rider. Oregon Senators Wyden andSmith and Representative DeFazio are said to favor
the exchange.
If you would like a copy of the study and/or peerreview for the Umpqua Land Exchange Project,
write to the World Forestry Center, 4033 SWCanyon Road, Portland, OR 97221.
Forest Service examines self, findsno problem
At the request of the Western Land ExchangeProject, the Forest
Service has conducted a
review of the appraisalsfor two Northwest land
exchanges and affirmedits own previous
findings.
In August 1998, WLXP requested a National Office
review of the appraisals for the Huckleberry, CrownPacific, and I-90 exchanges. In a March 8, 1999
letter, the agency said that it had found no“technical” problems with the Huckleberry or Crown
swaps, and would issue an opinion on the I-90exchange when appraisals were complete.
The Western Land Exchange Project, PilchuckAudubon Society, and Oregon timber appraiser Ro
Keene had expressed doubts about the fairness othe Huckleberry land valuations since early 1997.
These doubts were confirmed when a September1998 Seattle Times investigative story showed th
the methodology used in that appraisal favoredWeyerhaeuser, the private party, to the tune of
about $10 million.
The agency’s Chief Appraiser, Paul Tittman,
conducted a review of some aspects of thevaluation, then asked the appraiser who had
worked on the project to respond to criticisms of the values. The appraiser not only defended his
own work, but added a lengthy analysis of Roy
Keene’s environmentally-oriented affiliations inorder to prove Keene’s bias.
The Western Land Exchange Project has submitte
a Freedom of Information Act request for all
internal Forest Service documents related to theappraisal review.
Utah exc hang es unde r
audi t
The Department of the Interior Inspector General
currently conducting an audit of land swaps in St.George, Utah, where a confounding number of
trades are being implemented.
In order to set aside designated habitat for thedesert tortoise (a federally-listed
threatened species), the BLM is
consolidating public ownership in thWashington County Habitat
Conservation Area near St. GeorgeTo acquire those lands, the agency
has made or proposed numeroustrades with private landowners with
the HCA.
The exact number of transactions is hard to
determinemany of them overlap or have beenimplemented in phases, so that it is difficult to tel
where one ends and another begins. Two yearsago, WLXP was told that about 16 land swaps wer
expected to be completed by 2000.
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
St. George… an unho ly mess
The Western Land Exchange Project became aware
of the St. George situation in late 1997. Oneproject, the Spilsbury Exchange, proposed thetrade of 2200 acres of public land for 183 private
acres within the HCA.
While trades must be for equal value rather than
equal acreage, we questioned public lands in the
swap being assigned one-twelfth the value of private land, as it appeared that public lands wereripe for development. On the other hand, private
holdings were described as steep slopes and
“volcanic cinder cones.”
Jim Doyle owns Environmental Land Technology, a
company with which the government is making
several exchanges. Doyle is trading to the BLMlands he bought within the HCA for about 50 times
his original purchase price.
In 1988, the Utah legislature passed a measurethat allowed Doyle to buy state school lands for
about $326/acre, a fraction of their known market
value. A 1993 lawsuit filed by the Utah Board of Education found the act unconstitutional, and a
settlement with Doyle resulted in his having to
partially reimburse the schools.
Now Doyle is trading his land to the public at a
value of about $15,000 per acre. Even accounting
for his payments to the state, he stands to make a$27 million profit.
Former WLXP Program Coordinator Beth Fries
conducted in-depth research on the St. Georgetrades and came upon a morass of questionable
practices that BLM coordinators were unable to
explain.
It is typical of these exchanges for the public totrade many times the amount of land offered by
private interests, yet there is scant justification forthe discrepancies in land value the Bureau uses to
justify this.
Some trades involved “pooling,” a practice wherein
exchanges are accomplished in phases that makethem virtually impossible to track, and parties
“owe” each other land from uneven exchanges.
Age ncy m akes its own law
Normally, lands containing endangered species
habitat are assigned lower value than lands withodevelopment restriction, but St. George landowne
protested this long-established practice because ilowered their land values. In 1996, Congress
passed a law that allowed the restrictions to beignored in the valuation for one trade, but the
agency has carried that policy over into all St.
George transactions.
Conversations with BLM personnel concerned abothe exchanges have confirmed that wildly lopside
land values are benefiting private parties. Oneveteran BLM staffer has described these trades as
the “worst of the worst.”
Fish & Wildlife ServiceFish & Wildlife ServiceFish & Wildlife ServiceFish & Wildlife Service
joins the ranksjoins the ranksjoins the ranksjoins the ranksA recent report by the US Department of Interior
Office of Inspector General (OIG) finds that the Fi& Wildlife Service (FWS) is having problems with land acquisition program.
According to the report, in 62 land purchases FWSoverpaid landowners $603,000 due to acreage
miscalculations; used outdated appraisals to
determine land values; and paid $438,680 inunjustified costs to non-profit organizationsfacilitating land purchases.
The agency also acquired properties containingenvironmental contaminants that will bring
$700,000 in clean-up costs.
Thirteen of 14 land exchanges reviewed wereconducted properly, but one exchange involved th
agency’s selling timber within a wildlife refuge in
order to obtain funds to augment the exchange.
You can retrieve audit reports from the Departme
of Interior Inspector General’s web page:
http://www.oig.doi.gov/
The Department of Agriculture, which oversees th
Forest Service, also has an OIG web site where yo
can find audit reports for land exchanges done bythat agency: http://www.usda.gov/oig/
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
News fromall over the place
Plum Creek deal nearing completionWASHINGTON STATE- The Interstate-90 exchange
between Plum Creek Timber Company (PCTC) and
the U.S. Forest Service is moving toward
completion. The trade was authorized in a riderSenator Slade Gorton attached to last year’s
Omnibus Appropriations bill. (See previous issuesof Land Exchange Update at www.westlx.org).
The original proposal would have traded about
40,000 acres of public land for about 60,000 acresof PCTC holdings, but appraisal of the land and
timber has resulted in a reduction to about 50,000
acres of PCTC land and 15,800 acres of nationalforest.
The legislation does not waive citizen rights toappeal or judicial challenge, but orders that theexchange will occur on July 17, 1999. The final
environmental impact statement and Record of
Decision are scheduled for release on July 3,providing only 14 days for public review unless theparties agree to delay the trade.
The Pacific Crest Biodiversity Project (PCBP) andother groups are campaigning to save key areas inthe Gifford Pinchot National Forest slated for trade
to PCTC.
For more information on the Gifford Pinchotcampaign, see PCBP’s web site at www.pcbp.org.
More development subsidies for NevadaWASHINGTON, D.C.- In our last issue, we
discussed the Southern Nevada Public LandsManagement Act, allowing the BLM to sell about
27,000 acres it manages in the Las Vegas Valley.
The bill allocated 15 percent of the sale proceeds tolocal government for water supply infrastructure
and schools, with the remaining proceeds to beused by the BLM to purchase environmentally
sensitive lands around Nevada.This year, Nevada Senator Harry Reid has
introduced a similar bill, S. 719, that would allocate50 percent of BLM land sales proceeds to localgovernment. The government is ordered to
purchase lands at a market value that disregardsendangered species habitat, greatly inflating the
land values and subsidizing private landowners.
Virginia land exchange falls throughCATAWBA, VIRGINIA- A land trade in the Jefferso
National Forest has fallen through due to a disputover land values.
The Turner Land Exchange would have entailed thtrade of 170 private acres at the top of North
Mountain for about 130 acres of public land withhigh development potential. Catawba resident
Cathy Lucas led the strong local opposition to thetrade on the basis of the environmental and
cultural resource impacts of privatizing the Forest
Service land.
Last February, the USFS national office reviewedthe exchange at the request of the Western Land
Exchange Project. At issue were skewed land
values, inadequate justification for acquisition of the private parcel, and questionable conduct byagency staff. Negotiations between the private
owner and the USFS failed to bring agreement on
land values, and the trade was abandoned.
Trade would put landfill near national park
EAGLE MOUNTAIN, CALIFORNIA- Since 1986,
citizens have been fighting a land exchangeproposal that would trade 3,481 acres managed b
the BLM to Kaiser Ventures, which plans to operat
a landfill on a site surrounded on three sides byJoshua Tree National Park. Citizens for theChuckwalla Valley and the National Parks
Conservation Association have challenged both th
BLM exchange and the state’s environmentalanalysis for the project. They have secured two
court victories against the state based on the
inadequacy of the environmental impact report.
The landfill would accommodate 10,000 tons of
garbage per day. Freight trains transporting the
garbage would cut through the Chuckwalla Benchwhere the federal government has been purchasin
land for protection of the threatened deserttortoise.
Recently, administrative protests filed against the
BLM’s land trade were dismissed by the agency,
and opponents have filed an appeal with theInterior Board of Land Appeals.
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Land Exchange UpdateJune 1999
WLXP welcomes newboard members
We’re honored to have three new additions to our boardof directors.
Vice president Chuck Pezeshki is an associate
professor of mechanical engineering at WashingtonState University, author of " Wild to the Last:Environmental Conflict in the Clearwater" (WSUPress, 1998), and founder of the Clearwater
Biodiversity Project. He is a frequent contributor to
various periodicals across the West onenvironmental issues. He is currently working on aphotographic and text essay on the Lewis and Clark
Trail in the Clearwater Country.
Sandy Lonsdale is a freelance journalist and
photographer, chairs the Sierra Club’s Juniper
Group, and focuses his activism on grazing, forests,
mining, and water. Sandy recently completed aphoto-inventory of Oregon’s High Desert wildlandsfor an upcoming exploration guidebook. He is a
27-year resident of Bend, Oregon.
Marianne Dugan was an attorney and associate
director with the Western Environmental LawCenter, where she litigated two major land
exchange cases. She now works in private practicein Eugene, Oregon in the area of personal injury
and consumer protection law. Marianne earned a
JD with certificates in environmental and
ocean/coastal law as well as a Masters Degree inenvironmental studies from the University of Oregon.
Land Exchange Updat eLand Exchange Updat eLand Exchange Updat eLand Exchange Updat e is published by the Western Land
Exchange Project, a non-profit charitableorganization conducting research, outreach, and
advocacy for the reform of federal land exchange
policy.
West er n Land Exchan ge Pr oj ectWest er n Land Exchan ge Pr oj ectWest er n Land Exchan ge Pr oj ectWest er n Land Exchan ge Pr oj ectP.O. Box 95545
Seattle, WA 98145-2545phone 206.325.3503; fax 206.325.3515e-mail:[email protected];[email protected]
web: http://www.westlx.org
Boar d o f Di r ect or s:Boar d of Di r ect or s:Boar d o f Di r ect or s:Boar d of Di r ect or s:Rachael Paschal, President
Dr. Charles Pezeshki, Vice President
Bonnie Phillips, Secretary
Martin L. Rand, TreasurerMarianne Dugan, At-Large
Sandy Lonsdale, At-Large
St aff :St aff :St aff :St aff :Janine Blaeloch, Director
Joseph Cunningham, Program Coordinator
Our gratitude to the True North , Bullitt, Ko ngsgaard-Goldman , W ilburforce,and New-Land foundations and to Training Resources for the EnvironmentalCommunity for their support.
Thanks also to our n ew m embers and contributors:
Steve Doyle, Joe Cunningham, Bonnie Phillips, Rachael Paschal, Paul Swetik, Beth Menig, Jan Naragon,
Jennifer Schemm, Jill Sheldon, Craig Lorch, Stephanie Matheny, Charles Bagley, Jr., Buell & Donna
Hollister, Kootenai Environmental Alliance, the van Doornincks, Linda Campbell, David Batker,Christopher Vondrasek, Betsy Dennis, Betsy Gaines, Beth Fries, Susan Saul, Joanne Vinton, Kris Nyrop,Vivian Stockman, Homer & Marguerite Campbell, Joan Smith, Debra Patla, Greg Nagle, Jonathan Marvel,
Charles Couper, David Orr, Don Steuter, Mark Drake, E. M. Sterling, Vernon Bates, Ouachita WatchLeague, Rebecca Rundquist, James Bicknell, Chuck Pezeshki, Dr. John Osborn, Sam Francis, Tom & Jackie Andrewjeski, Linda Brousseau, Ann & David Bellis, Leslie Ann Rose & David Adams, Wade Higgins,
Cathleen Campbell, Mark Z yniecki, and Howard Paine.
Our new “Press Room” web page allows you tokeep up with recent newspaper coverage of theland exchange issue.
http://www.westlx.org/press.htm
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Your support is our strength! Your membership gives us the constituencyto effect real land exchange reform.
Please complete this form and return it with your tax-deductible payment. Checks should be made payable to theWestern
Land Exchange Project.
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regular $25________student/optional low rate $15_______contributing $100_______
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Western Land Exchange ProjectPO Box 95545
Seattle, WA 98145-2545