wk4 quantitative bob fuller
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SRR 782 Week 4 Quantitative
Research Methods
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
Bob Fuller31stMarch 2009
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Meaning of Research Method?
It is the way (or method) you use to: test your hypothesis (or proposition)
answer your research question(s)
achieve your objectives
Use the term research method to describe thepart designed by you within your overall
research programme (Evans p.65-66)
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What are the General ResearchMethods?
Qualitative
Questionnaire or survey
Literature review
Quantitative
Theoretical analysis
Laboratory experiment
Field measurement Computer simulation
Each have advantages and disadvantages and
often used in combination ..
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Using Literature
Should always relate yourwork to past research
can sometimes use
international literature as
sole source of your researche.g. health mega-studies
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Example
The proposed heating andcooling system in the CH2Building andits impact on occupant productivity,
Aye and Fuller, 2005, Aus. Jnl ofConstruction Economics and Building,5, 2, 32-39.
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Common Analyses used in
Architectural Science material properties
operational energy
thermal comfort embodied energy
embodied water
ESD
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Material Properties andBehaviour
Example
Evaluating rammed earth
walls, Taylor and Luther,
Solar Energy, 76, 1-3, 79-84
usually achieved through:
laboratory experiment
theoretical analysis
computer simulation
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Operational Energy
Example
Operating experiences with afabric energy storage system in
Australia, Fuller, Australian Jnl of
Construction Economics and
Building, 4, 2, 1-10
usually achieved through:
field measurements
analysis of utility bills
analysis of BMS computer simulation
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Thermal Comfort
ExampleComparison of adaptive thermal
comfort strategies of office workers in afree running building and an hvacbuilding during summer in inland
Australia. Taylor (2002), ANZAScA,Deakin University, 505-512
usually achieved through:
field measurements
questionnaire
analysis of BMSdata
LTU Environment Perception
Frequency against perception of environment from
poor to excellent on a seven point scale
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1 poor 2 3 4 5 6 7 excellent
mean 4.61
SD 0.76
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Embodied Energy or Water
Example
Life-cycle analysis of building integrated photovoltaic
systems (BiPVs) with heat recovery unit. Crawford etal., (2006), Renewable andSustainable Energy
Reviews, 10, 559-575.
usually achieved through:
computer simulation
theoretical analysis
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Ecologically SustainableDevelopment - ESD
ExampleEnvironmental design: using a rating tool in the design of
commercial buildings, Lamborn et al. (2004), Proc.
ANZAScA Conference, University of Tasmania.
usually achieved through:
survey of users
analysis of utility bills
analysis of design
uses accredited software
e.g. Greenstar
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Case Study
Improving comfort levels
in a traditional Humli
house
Where is Humla? .
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project area
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The Faces of Humla
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Typical Humli Housing
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Whats the Research Problem?
improved stoves have
reduced indoor comfort
can changes be made tohousing to improve
comfort levels?
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What was the Research Method?
Combination of: literature review
field measurements
observations and interview computer simulation
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What Literature was Available?
Nienhuys,S
. (2003). ThermalInsulation for Houses in HighAltitudes. Report presented at Renewable Energy Technology
for RuralDevelopment (RETRUD-03) Conference, TribhuvanUniversity, Kathmandu, Nepal, 12-14 October.
Rijal, H.B. and Yoshida, H. (2005). Winter ThermalImprovementof a Traditional House in Nepal, Proceeding of the 9th
InternationalIBPSA Conference (Montral), Vol. 3, pp. 1035-1042.
Rijal, H.B. and Yoshida, H. (2006). Winter Thermal Comfort ofResidents in the Himalaya Region of Nepal, Proceeding ofInternational Conference on Comfort and Energy Use inBuildings - Getting them Right (Windsor), Organised by theNetwork for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings, pp.15.
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What were the Field Measurements?
Measured the following:
fuelwood use for one week at 5 amevery morning
air temperature and relativehumidity in four rooms on hourlybasis using Hobo loggers
climatic data
airflows at all openings withhotwire anemometer
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What were the Observations andInterview Questions?
Recorded the following:
physical dimensions
building materials
construction techniques
Interviewed family about:
times of stove operation
waking and sleeping times
number of animals kept under
house
occupancy levels and times
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What was the Computer Model?
used TRNSYS modelled all three levels
included all occupants and
animals
included two stoves operated atestimated efficiency
ran model over 8-day period
with known forcing functions
compared hourly measuredroom air temperatures with
predictions
P
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How were the Results Presented?
Model Validation
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Living Room 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0:01
03/27/07
0:01
03/28/07
0:01
03/29/07
0:01
03/30/07
0:01
03/31/07
0:01
1/4/07 0:00
0:01
2/4/07 0:00
0:01
3/4/07 0:00
Dateand Hour
Temperature
Living 1 - Predicted
Living 1 - Measured
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How were the Results Presented?
Strategy AverageTemp (C)
Average RH(%)
PMV PPD (%)
xisting (measured) 17.3 31 -1.68 62
xisting (predicted) 16.9 54 -1.68 61
Reduced infiltration17.7 67
-1.43 47
Improved insulation17.2 53
-1.64 58
Sunspace18.6 73
-1.26 38
Sunspace plus improved insulation19.1 72
-1.01 27
Used validated model to investigate effects of
different strategies to increase indoor
temperatures and therefore thermal comfort
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Outcome?Improving comfort levels in a traditional
high altitude Nepali house, Fuller,
Zahnd and Thakuri, 2009, Building andEnvironment, in press.
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Conclusions
There are many types of research method
Your research question will guide the
selection of research method
The various research methods all haveadvantages and disadvantages
Often used in combination
ont forget to tell your reader why youchose the research method you have used