wisconsin great lakes chronicle 2007 · distinguishing natural resource area due to its unique...

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle

2007

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Governor Jim Doyle

Revitalizing Racine’s North Beach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Dr. Julie Kinzelman

The Niagara Escarpment: A Unique Wisconsin Coastal Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4Angela Pierce

Lake Superior Coastal Visual Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Jason Laumann

Climate Change Comes to the Great Lakes Coasts of Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Philip Keillor

Wisconsin Shipbuilding . . . . . . . .10Mike Friis

The Smart Prevention Approach to Managing Invasive Species . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12Jeff Maxted and Jake Vander Zanden

Great Lakes Circle Tour – Coastal Access Guide . . . . . . . . . .14David Hart

2007 Wisconsin Coastal Management Program Grants . . . .16

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . .20

C O N T E N T S

On the Cover

Mawikwe Sea Caves, Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Lake Superior

Dear Friend of Wisconsin’s Great Lakes:

Here in Wisconsin, ourbeautiful Great Lakes arenot just a part of ourheritage. They are a partof who we are. LakesMichigan and Superiorand their coastal resourcesprovide the State withabundant beauty, uniquenatural and culturalresources, recreationalopportunities, a gateway to the world economyand clean drinking water. Helping people enjoyand protect our Great Lakes is one of my toppriorities as Governor.

Over the last several years, we have made greatstrides to help citizens and visitors enjoy our GreatLakes. Earlier this summer, I dedicated Wisconsin’snewest state park—Lakeshore State Park—inMilwaukee. This new state park provides yet anotherreason to visit Milwaukee and greatly benefitsMilwaukee residents who no longer have to driveoutside the city to experience Wisconsin’s naturalbeauty—instead, it is right in their backyard.

Further north, we permanently protectedthousands of acres of beautiful recreational andconservation lands including nearly nine squaremiles along the Brule River—a Lake Superiortributary famous to people who fish, canoe andkayak—and nearly four miles of the NorthCountry National Trail. Working together with thefederal and local governments, the BayfieldRegional Conservancy and the Wisconsin CoastalManagement Program, we also protected miles ofhiking and ski trails surrounding Bayfield County’sMt. Ashwabay with breathtaking views of theApostle Islands in Lake Superior.

Another initiative—funded in part by a WisconsinCoastal Management grant—will help people usethe power of their computers to see, learn aboutand plan visits to sites along out Great Lakescoasts. The Great Lakes Circle Tour–CoastalAccess Guide follows the Circle Tour driving routeand provides visitors with information about andpictures of coastal parks, beaches, lighthouses,shipwrecks and other features along the way. Thisproject and others like it helps make our coastalsites, communities and attractions easier than everto visit and experience.

As Chair of the Council of Great Lakes Governors,I am working with other state and provincial leadersto protect both the quality and quantity of theGreat Lakes. The Great Lakes–St. Lawrence RiverBasin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement commitsthe ten state and provincial governments to worktogether to better manage and protect this uniqueinternational resource. The Agreement includes newprotections against water diversions from the GreatLakes, standards for in-basin water consumption,provisions for regional water conservation and anaffirmation of Native American treaty rights.

I am also working closely with the Legislature,Tribes, local governments and organizations to enactthe Great Lakes–St. Lawrence River Basin SustainableWater Resources Agreement here in Wisconsin.Implementation of this agreement will help theregion ensure the quality and long-term protectionof the Great Lakes for future generations.

The Great Lakes belong to us all and so does theresponsibility to protect them. I ask all Wisconsinitesto join me in working toward a healthier Great Lakessystem. These are our lakes to enjoy and protect.

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2007 | page 1

F O R E W O R DGovernor Jim Doyle

As recently as 2000, Racine’s North Beach wasposted as unsuitable for swimming for 66 percentof the bathing season. Concerned citizens turnedto the City of Racine to return this stretch of LakeMichigan coastline to a valuable community asset.

Identifying Contamination Sources andInitiating Remediation. The Racine HealthDepartment embarked on a five-year course ofresearch initiatives to identify the pollutionsources responsible for swimming bans anddevelop cost-effective solutions to improverecreational water quality.

In one instance, research identified elevated fecal bacterial levels at a storm water outfall thatdischarged rainwater collected from 400 acres of the city directly at the beach. Rick Jones,Commissioner of Public Works, madereengineering the site a priority.

The new design called for the installation of twoprimary treatment systems capable of removingstreet waste and diverting the initial—and dirtiest—surge of stormwater to a series of infiltration basins.The constructed basins are wetland areas plantedwith over a dozen varieties of native wetlandplants such as bulrushes, grasses and sedges. This natural treatment system reduced the medianfecal indicator bacteria from 3,000 CFU/100 mlin 2000—the year immediately precedingconstruction—to 448 CFU/100 ml in 2004.

Sands also contributed to North Beach’scontamination problem. Research studiesindicated that sands were acting as a reservoir forfecal bacteria deposited by the large residentpopulation of seagulls. Certain conditions—suchas surface run off, wave action or groundwaterexchange—promoted the delivery of bacteria tonear shore waters.

Three major efforts were taken by theDepartment of Parks, Recreation and CulturalServices (PRCS). First, mechanical beachgrooming was altered to promote the drying ofthe beach sand, demonstrated to significantlyreduce fecal indicator bacteria density. Second, the initial re-surfacing of beach sand after removalof snow fencing in the spring was done in a wayto promote drainage and prevent the formation of swales that could retain water on the beach.Third, additional waste receptacles with rigid,removable liners were placed on the beach toencourage the proper disposal of litter by beachgoers as a deterrent to attracting more seagulls.

Other potential sources of pollution, such as algalblooms and the Root River, likely exist and theCity of Racine Departments of Health, Parks andPublic Works continue to work cooperatively toinvestigate and mitigate as necessary.


In Rac ine , sc ient i f ic

research, munic ipa l

teamwork and

community e f for ts

have resulted in a

v ibrant , rev i ta l ized

lakefront .

R E V I TA L I Z I N G R A C I N E ’ S N O RT H B E A C HDr. Julie Kinzelman

Research also revealed that water quality may varysuddenly in response to certain environmentalconditions. Therefore, better methodologies areneeded to more rapidly analyze water samples.The Health Department is currently working onfaster ways to detect pollutant loading usingreal-time DNA-based tests.

Creating Public Awareness. Municipal effortsidentifying and mitigating pollution sources mustbe partnered with public education to realizemaximum benefits. Several public awarenesscampaigns centered on water quality issues arehelping citizens become stakeholders and stewardsof coastal areas.

In 2007, the PRCS Department and City ofRacine will enter into an agreement withUW-Parkside to establish a Center for CommunityPartnership to improve public awareness of GreatLakes resources and related ecological issues. TheCity also enacted an ordinance prohibiting thefeeding of seagulls (prominently displayed near theconcession area at the beach), placed educationalsignage along the Lake Michigan Pathway anddistributed hangtags to numerous homes to informthe public about the relationship between stormwater and surface water quality. Keep Our BeachesOpen, a local environmental group based out of

the River Bend Nature Center, initiated campaignsto flag dog waste left by pet owners, provided bagsfor pet waste removal and volunteered to stencilcity storm drains.

The Spirit of Volunteerism is Alive and Well inRacine. Several volunteer efforts have also beeninstrumental in improving and maintaining NorthBeach. Volunteers assisted the City in installingwetland plants in the infiltration basins. Earth Dayand Make-A-Difference Day activities have focusedon beach clean-ups, the construction of a newwalking path bordered by native plants and theformation of vegetated dunes to reduce blowingand drifting of sand near public access points.

Adopt-A-Beach groups—an initiative of theAlliance for the Great Lakes—routinely conductcitizen monitoring and litter removal fromdesignated areas along the shore. In 2003,Make-A-Difference Day volunteers constructedKid’s Cove Playground, a 20,000 square foot play area.

Revitalizing the Lakefront. In 2006, North Beachwas open 95 percent or more for two consecutivebathing seasons. Once an under-utilized andlonely stretch of Lake Michigan coastline, NorthBeach is now buzzing with activity and host to avariety of nationally recognized events including

the Spirit of Racine Triathlon and the CoronaLight EVP Volleyball Tour. The Kid’s CovePlayground is a year round attraction for children.

The Lake Michigan Pathway, completed in 2006,provides almost ten miles of scenic Lake Michiganviews for pedestrians and bikers. The North BeachOasis provides concessions and live music fromMemorial Day to Labor Day. In Racine, scientificresearch, municipal teamwork and communityefforts have resulted in a vibrant, revitalizedlakefront that is home to Wisconsin’s only BlueWave beach (certified by the Clean BeachesCouncil, Washington, D.C.)

Dr. Julie Kinzelman is an Environmental Microbiologist with the City of Racine Health Department. She can be reached at (262) 636-9501 or [email protected].


The Niagara Escarpment is generally not arecognized name in Wisconsin. However, mostnortheast Wisconsin locals are familiar with thefeature known commonly as The Ledge that runsalong Door County’s Green Bay shoreline intoBrown County. The Niagara Escarpment is adistinguishing natural resource area due to itsunique geology, the presence of rare plants andanimals, and growing development pressure.

The Niagara Escarpment is a geologic landformthat was formed 430 to 450 million years agowhen current day North America was near theequator and submersed under a shallow warm seacentered on what is now the State of Michigan.The outer rim of this ancient sea, crossing presentstate and national borders, now marks thelocation of the Niagara Escarpment.

The escarpment is a sickle-shaped ridge with asteep face on one side and a gentle slope on theother that begins in south-central Wisconsin,arches east through Michigan and southernOntario and ends in western New York State. Thebest-known portion of the Niagara Escarpment isthe section of the ledge over which the NiagaraRiver falls to form Niagara Falls. The NiagaraEscarpment in Ontario, Canada is a United

Nations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization (UNESCO) designated WorldBiosphere Reserve, making it part of a network ofmore than 400 reserves in 95 countries.

Since the Niagara Escarpment was formed priorto glaciations, glacial ice cover and melt waterhave dramatically altered it. The Escarpment inWisconsin varies from prominent rock faces with150-foot cliffs to a series of ledges, low cliffs andpavement including areas where the escarpment iscompletely buried—and may only be evident in aquarry. The visible effects of the glaciation seen onthe escarpment today were shaped during themost recent stage of glaciation called the“Wisconsin Glaciation.”

The Niagara Escarpment is sometimes overlookedas a coastal resource in Wisconsin even though theescarpment is the shoreline of much of the DoorPeninsula on the Green Bay side. The NiagaraEscarpment in Wisconsin is present almostcontinuously from the tip of Washington Islandto the northeast side of the city of Green Bay.Beyond the city of Green Bay, the NiagaraEscarpment becomes intermittent as it is coveredwith glacial till for several miles in sections andreappears in other sections as it continues intosouth-central Wisconsin.


The Niagara Escarpment ’s

shorel ine ecosystem is

vulnerable to improper

land development and

resource extract ion.

T H E N I A G A R A E S C A R P M E N T : A U N I Q U EAngela Pierce

The climate, ecology and geology of theescarpment are significantly influenced by the Great Lakes that surround it, creating uniquemicroenvironments that support a diversity of lifeincluding many threatened and endangeredresources. The landscape of the NiagaraEscarpment supports unique natural relationshipsand communities that include alvars, oak savannas,communities of threatened dwarf lake iris, and cliffface communities of slow-growing cedars that areover 1,000 years old. Additionally, the Escarpmentprovides habitat for a number of migratory birds,bats, the endangered glacial Relict land snails andthe Hines Emerald dragonfly.

The cultural resources on and along the NiagaraEscarpment are numerous as well and includearcheological sites, pictographs and petroglyphs,mounds, lighthouses, lime kilns and caves, historicfarmsteads and over 500 historic sites, 37 of whichare on the National Register of Historic Places.

According to a study completed by the Bay-LakeRegional Planning Commission, An Inventory and Assessment of the Resources of the NiagaraEscarpment in Wisconsin (March 2001), theNiagara Escarpment area is experiencing steadypopulation growth and development pressure,especially along the coastal Niagara Escarpmentarea adjacent to Green Bay. This sensitive shorelineecosystem is vulnerable to misuse from improperland development and resource extraction.

Although much of the Brown and KewauneeCounty shoreline along Green Bay is alreadydeveloped and experiencing second and third tierdevelopment, a significant amount of the Green Bayshoreline in Door County along the escarpmentremains undeveloped as wooded or agriculturalland. Current trends reveal that development willlikely continue to consume the escarpment sincefew land use controls exist to protect it.

The Niagara Escarpment is a special coastalresource in Wisconsin and we are fortunate tohave it here. It is important that we all work toensure that this unique resource will be availablein a natural state for future generations to marvel.We should follow the lead of our Ontarioneighbors and work at preserving the remainingundeveloped portions of the escarpment beforethey are lost to us. The time to act is now.

The Niagara Escarpment Resource Network is a great organization to turn to for additionalinformation on the Niagara Escarpment inWisconsin. The Network is a coalition of federal,state and regional agencies, local and countygovernments, academia, non-profit organizations,landowners and citizens whose purpose is toprovide a common forum for discussion andaction promoting balanced land-use decisions and an appreciation for the unique ecology ofWisconsin’s Niagara Escarpment. Involvementwith the Network is a great way to learn moreabout the Escarpment. The group meets regularlyand always welcomes new members. For moreinformation on the Niagara Escarpment ResourceNetwork, check out its website athttp://www.escarpmentnetwork.org/.

Angela Pierce is a Natural Resources Planner for the Bay-LakeRegional Planning Commission. She can be reached at (920) 448-2820 or [email protected].


W I S C O N S I N C O A S T A L R E S O U R C E

In a rapidly developing world, visual resourceplanning and management are becomingincreasingly important as means of preservingfundamental community character. Nowhere isthis statement more relevant than alongWisconsin’s Lake Superior south shore wherenatural scenic beauty is among the region’s mostprized natural assets. It is also one of the mostcompelling reasons why people choose to live andrecreate in the shadow of the great Gitche Gumee.

The south shore coastal environment is rich invisual diversity and character. Unique locallandforms, scenic shorelines, rock and cliffformations, vegetation and the land-waterinterface combine to create a striking visuallandscape. The Apostle Islands add visual interestand provide an element of scale to the flathorizontal expanse of Lake Superior. The ruggednatural beauty, visually distinctive architecture andhistoric resources of quaint coastal communitiesintertwine in a harmonious visual composition.

In recent years, the south shore has come underincreasing development pressure that threatens to change the visual landscape. The relativeremoteness of the region has not isolated thesouth shore from development. In fact, it is thisvery remoteness—and the natural scenic valuesassociated with it—that attracts people anddevelopment. Increasingly, communities across thecountry have begun to recognize scenic beauty as

a tangible resource critical to core communitycharacter, local economies, health, well-being andquality of life. Along the south shore, the winds of change have also focused increased attentiontowards the concept of sustainability andmaintenance of the unique scenic and ecologicalvalues of the region.

The Northwest Regional Planning Commission(NWRPC) recently completed a guide toprotecting the visual resources of Wisconsin’s LakeSuperior south shore, a project funded through agrant from Wisconsin Coastal ManagementProgram. This guide fosters a general understandingof the visual resources of the south shore coastallandscape and provides an overview of tools andtechniques for the preservation of natural scenicbeauty. This document is intended to assist southshore communities in planning for and protectingnatural scenic beauty. It is also meant to serve as acompanion document to Wisconsin’s growinglibrary of community planning assistance guides.While this guide focuses on the south shore ofLake Superior, its recommendations, tools andmethods for visual resource protection could beapplied in virtually any community, regardless ofgeographic context.

The guide provides an overview of the landscapeand design elements used to characterize andevaluate scenic beauty. By exploring basic visualquality concepts such as vividness, intactness and

L A K E S U P E R I O R C O A S TA L V I S U A L Q U A L I T YJason Laumann


Scenic beauty is a

tang ib le resource

cr i t ica l to core

community character,

loca l economies ,

hea l th , wel l -be ing and

qual i ty of l i fe .

unity along with the foundational landscapecharacteristics that contribute to scenic beauty, the reader is equipped with a basic knowledge and understanding of how scenic beauty can bedefined and measured.

The guide also attempts to dispel the notion that scenic beauty is purely a subjective judgment by illustrating that there are objective,quantitative methods for assessing scenic beauty.Quantitative methods for analyzing visualresources are commonly used by federal and stateresource management agencies to evaluate projectproposals and management alternatives. Byremoving the element of subjectivity from theconcept of visual quality—and by providingobjective, reproducible methods for assessingscenic beauty—a basis is provided for regulatingactivities that influence visual quality.

The publication provides a range of implementationtools for local government and voluntary buildingand site design recommendations for privatelandowners. For communities, an overview of bothregulatory and non-regulatory approaches serves asa primer to stimulate local discussion. The guidealso strongly advocates the integration of visualresource planning into community comprehensiveplanning efforts and provides guidance on howthis may be accomplished.

A key section of the document explores howsubdivision design may influence scenic beauty.The guide uses 3-D visualizations of subdivisiondesign policy alternatives applied to two actualsites along the Lake Superior south shore. These sites were first analyzed to identify existingenvironmental features such as surface waters, steepslopes and wetlands and then split into lots based

on traditional subdivision design and a cluster-typeconservation design. Three-dimensional homeswere then placed on the lots in both developments.

To achieve the highest level of success,government regulation must work in concert withthe voluntary efforts of private landowners whoare willing to make a commitment to preservingscenic beauty. Collectively, private landowners canhave a tremendous impact on the scenic beauty of the south shore. A step-by-step tutorial guideslandowners through site analysis, building siteselection and the site plan development process.The guide also examines the use of scenic beautyconservation techniques for structural design,exterior finishing, roofing and exterior lighting.

Education is the first step toward a sustainablefuture. It is hoped that this guide will foster abetter understanding of the importance of scenicbeauty and the ways in which it may be preserved.The motto of Scenic America is “change isinevitable, ugliness is not.” If coastal communitiesand individuals are willing to embrace this ideaand take action, collectively we can ensure thatthe scenic beauty of our magnificent south shorewill be maintained for future generations to enjoy.

Jason Laumann is Senior Planner at the Wisconsin NorthwestRegional Planning Commission. He can be reached at (715) 635-2197 or [email protected].


A regional warming trend that appears to be partof global climate change apparently began to havean effect on Wisconsin around 1970. Theevidence includes shortening ice cover seasons onthe state’s lakes and in lakes around the NorthernHemisphere (Magnuson et al 2000) as well asLake Superior’s warming waters (Austin andColman 2007). Will continuing changes in ourclimate require getting used to low lake levels?Lake Superior water levels are now almost as lowas the record lowest levels of 1926 and have beenbelow average for nearly a decade. The levels ofLake Michigan have been below average since theend of 1998.

Confidence in the results of global climate models(global atmospheric circulation models) grows,supported by a steady stream of new scientificinformation as recently reported in Madison by aprominent climate scientist (Trenberth 2007). Insharp contrast to this confidence in global modelsand alarm at model results is the continuing absenceof regional climate models that will realisticallytranslate global model results at the scale of theGreat Lakes Basin. There seems to be littleawareness among Basin governments and the publicthat such regional models are needed and thereforelittle incentive for research managers to makeregional climate model development a high priority.

There is a common, but mistaken, perception that climate change is happening somewhere else,but will not happen here. We know that dramaticchanges are happening in the Arctic (Hassol2004). Occasional climatic shifts known as ElNino occur in the southern Pacific Ocean, shiftjet stream routes and storm tracks passing throughthe central United States, and bring warmer anddryer weather to Wisconsin thousands of milesfrom the South Pacific (Trenberth 2007). Clearly, Wisconsin is affected by climate changeshappening in distant parts of the world.

Wisconsin and the Great Lakes Basin couldexperience sudden climate change as persistentshifts in storm tracks into (or out of ) the stateand Basin (Trenberth 2007). Such situations havebeen considered by modelers of Great Lakes waterlevel responses to hypothetical what if? scenarios.The effects of such shifts might include dramaticchanges in water levels lower (and maybe higher)than the ranges we have become accustomed to in modern times.

I have recently discussed climate change withfaculty knowledgeable about erosion and coastalslope stability. If climate change brings warmer,wetter winters (UCS 2007) with sufficientwarmth to thaw frozen coastal slopes, morefrequent and deep slump failures are likely.


Wiscons in is a f fected

by c l imate changes

happening in d istant

par ts of the world .

C L I M AT E C H A N G E C O M E S T O T H E G R E ATPhilip Keillor

More extreme rainstorms (also predicted) withrain falling on exposed, unfrozen coastal slopesoils will bring more shallow land slides and moresurface erosion. If climate change brings winterswith open water and no ice ridges piling up onWisconsin’s coast, the state’s shores will be moreexposed to erosion by storm waves previouslyprevented by ice sheets or blocked by ice ridges.Some of the state’s near shore lakebed continuesto erode downward making our coasts morevulnerable to increases in storminess (anotherclimate change prediction).

Owners of coastal property can improve theresistance of their property to the erosion impactsof climate changes by controlling surface waterflow and groundwater flow that contribute toslope erosion. State and coastal governments andproperty owners need to identify and monitorsources of information about climate change.Good coastal risk management needs to be putinto practice at various levels of government andprivate property ownership.

This summer, Alan Lulloff (Association of StateFloodplain Managers) and I have been writing a new coastal erosion setback methodology for the Wisconsin Coastal Management Program.This report deals with climate change and

managing the risks of coastal hazards. We alsoborrow from earlier work that we did for NOAAin adapting the Association’s No Adverse Impactspolicy for river floodplains to coastal floodplains(ASFPM 2007).

Right now, Wisconsin needs a good regionalclimate model so that we can get more specificregional predictions and prepare for climatechanges expected to affect Wisconsin over thenext few decades.

References

ASFPM. 2007. Coastal NAI Handbook. Web site: www.floods.org/home/default.asp

Austin, Jay A. and Steven M. Colman. 2007. Lake Superior summer water temperatures areincreasing more rapidly than regional airtemperatures: A positive ice-albedo feedback.Geophysical Research Letters. Vol. 34, L06604. 5 pages.

Hassol, Susan Joy. 2004. Impacts of a warmingArctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment.Cambridge University Press.

Magnuson, J.J., et al. 2000. Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the NorthernHemisphere. Science. 289. 1743-1746.

Trenberth, Kevin E. 2007. Keynote Presentation:Global warming is unequivocal. University ofWisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin and notes froman informal round table discussion. April 23,2007. Part of lecture series: Climate Change inthe Great Lakes Region. University of WisconsinSea Grant Institute. http://www.seagrant.wisc.edu/ClimateChange. Dr. Trenberth is a principalauthor of one of the recently-issued assessmentreports of the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC).

UCS. 2007. Global Warming: Great LakesCommunities and Ecosystems at Risk. Union of Concerned Scientists. URL: http://www.ucsusa.org/greatlakes/

Philip Keillor is a Coastal Engineer. He can be reached [email protected].


L A K E S C O A S T S O F W I S C O N S I N

With 1,000 miles of Great Lakes coast, over 15,000named lakes and 44,000 miles of rivers and streams,water is a big part of Wisconsin. This expansivemaritime transportation network has for more thana century fueled a strong and dynamic sector of theWisconsin manufacturing economy: shipbuilding.

Shipbuilding is big business in Wisconsin andthroughout the Great Lakes states. TheShipbuilders Council of America estimated thatthe commercial shipbuilding industry aloneaccounted for more than $42 million of economicactivity in Wisconsin in 2001. The Great LakesCommission reports residents of Great Lakesstates spent $2.025 billion on new power boats,outboard motors, trailers and accessories in 2003.More than 250 Great Lakes businesses and their18,500 employees manufactured 182,700watercraft in 2003.

Hundreds of shipbuilders and manufacturers in Wisconsin’s coastal region produce maritimecraft and marine products for commercial,recreational and military uses. It is impossible tocatalog all such businesses in a single article.However, the following provides a sample ofcompanies engaged in shipbuilding withinWisconsin’s Great Lakes counties.

Fraser Shipyards Inc. Established in 1890, Fraser Shipyards resides in Superior and Duluth.The Twin Ports is the largest on the Great Lakesin terms of total cargo volume, and it is an

important access point for many agriculturalproducts from the Plains States. Superior/Duluthis a major winter layover port for Great Lakesbulk carriers; in the winter of 2006, eleven vesselswintered there undergoing a variety of repair andmaintenance projects.

Fraser Shipyards has an 830’ x 80’ graving dockwhere hull damage is repaired, cargo hold steel isrenewed and regulatory agencies perform requiredmaritime safety inspections. Fraser also performswork on vessels afloat including piping systemrenewals, boiler repairs, turbine repairs and otherroutine maintenance work.

Manitowoc Marine Group. The ManitowocMarine Group has two Wisconsin-basedshipbuilding facilities: Marinette Marine inMarinette and Bay Shipbuilding in Sturgeon Bay.

Marinette Marine (MMC) was founded along theMenominee River in Marinette in 1942. It wasstarted to supply naval materiel during World War II. Since its first contract to build five woodenbarges, MMC has built more than 1,300 vessels.

Recent vessels completed by MMC include thefamous Staten Island ferries. These diesel poweredvessels are each designed to carry 4,400 passengersand 30 vehicles. Each ferry has five passengercabins on four decks.

MMC also built the new U.S. Coast GuardCutter Mackinaw (WAGB-83). This multi-purpose


Wiscons in ’s sh ipbui lders

cont inue a tradit ion of

cra f tsmanship that i s wel l

regarded internat iona l ly.

W I S C O N S I N S H I P B U I L D I N GMike Friis

ship is designed for maintaining floatingaids-to-navigation, icebreaking, search and rescue,marine environmental response, maritime lawenforcement, national security and nationaldefense. The Mackinaw is 240 ft long, carries acrew of 50 personnel and is able to break 32inches of level ice at three knots.

Bay Shipbuilding (BSC) has over 100 years ofexperience in shipbuilding. BSC constructsdouble hulled vessels, dredges, dredging supportequipment and self-unloading bulk carriers.

BSC and its 700 employees specialize in large ship construction projects, vessel conversions,repowering and modernization. In addition tonew construction business, BSC also providesrepair work that routinely occurs during thewinter lay-up season. The shipyard has a scheduleto construct seven double hull tank barges andship repair commitments well into the future.

Cruiser Boats. Founded in 1904 as the ThompsonBros. Boat Manufacturing Co. in Peshtigo, CruiserBoats later moved to Oconto where it made 14- and 16-foot lap strake boats. Today, CruisersYachts produces fifteen models from 28- to 54-feetin its expanded Oconto facility and a new

boatbuilding operation in Wilmington, NorthCarolina. Cruisers’ 700 employees in its Ocontoand Wilmington plants produce midsize to luxurypleasure yachts for markets around the world.

Palmer Johnson. Palmer Johnson of Sturgeon Bayhas a worldwide reputation of excellence in boatdesign and manufacture. Founded in 1918, PalmerJohnson began as a small boatyard constructingwooden fishing vessels and commercial craft forthe Great Lakes. During WWII, it made air-searescue boats and 65-foot Army T-boats. Itbranched out to sailboats in the 1950s.

Employing over 300, Palmer Johnson’s solebusiness now is to build and service its highlystyled sport-yachts. The company recentlyexpanded its production facility to meet productdemand. Two new construction bays canaccommodate 250 footers and a new dedicatedpaint facility will be operational in the summer of2007. Additional property adjacent to the existingfacility has been purchased for further expansion.The company recently opened a new customerservice center in the Mediterranean port of GolfJuan where it assists owners and captains maintainthese Wisconsin-built yachts.

Burger Boats. The Burger Boat Company inManitowoc was founded in 1863. It designs andbuilds custom motor yachts from 100 to 200 feetin length. The company typically launches two orthree yachts per year with up to six projects atvarious stages of completion at a time. Its vesselsare designed to capture the quality of classic yachtbuilding and provide the latest technologies andsystems available today.

The Burger Boat Company is considered amongthe oldest custom yacht builders in America. Thecompany has a worldwide customer base andemploys 300 people.

Wisconsin shipbuilders continue a tradition ofcraftsmanship that is well regarded internationally.Products from Wisconsin builders provide forcommerce, personal transportation, recreation,safety and security on waterways around the world.

Mike Friis is Manager of the Wisconsin Coastal ManagementProgram. He can be reached at (608) 267-7982 [email protected].


During the past century, the ease in which goodscan be moved across the globe has increaseddramatically. Every day, cargo ships depart fromexotic ports with a host of items bound for sale in the United States. Many of these ships traversethe oceans, navigate the St. Lawrence River andunload at ports throughout the Great Lakes.Unfortunately, some of these cargo ships unloadmore than we bargained.

Aquatic invasive species are a serious concern in our coastal systems. Once an invader isintroduced and establishes a new population, itcan cause significant negative effects. For example,the zebra mussel—one of the most notoriousinvasive species in the Great Lakes—clogs intakepipes for drinking water systems, litters sandybeaches with sharp shells and causes majordisruption to the Great Lakes ecosystems. Invasivespecies are nearly impossible to reverse andexceptionally costly to manage. Millions of dollarsare spent in the Great Lakes each year tominimize the impacts of the zebra mussel alone.

Moreover, once aquatic invasive species establishin the Great Lakes, they can easily be transported

inland where they threaten Wisconsin’s cherishedlakes and streams. Seemingly innocuous events—such as dumping leftover live bait into a stream ormoving bilge water to another lake—can causemajor ecological impacts if hitchhiking aquaticinvaders survive in the new aquatic system.

State and federal agencies are working to preventharmful impacts of invasive species, but it is amomentous challenge to prevent their spread in aregion with thousands of lakes and streams. Toaddress this challenge, we and our collaborators atthe UW-Madison Center for Limnology aredeveloping the Smart Prevention approach formanaging invasive species. The goals of SmartPrevention are to identify the specific places thatare vulnerable to specific invasive species anddirect the appropriate prevention actions to thesevulnerable sites—the places where preventionprograms will produce the greatest benefit.

The research involves three questions to identifywhich places are most vulnerable to invasive species:

• Can the invasive species get there? • Can the invasive species live there?• Will the invasive species have adverse impacts?

T H E S M A R T P R E V E N T I O N A P P R O A C H T OJeff Maxted and Jake Vander Zanden


Smar t Prevent ion

ident i f ies spec i f ic p laces

that are vulnerable

to invas ive species and

directs appropr iate

prevent ion act ions to

these vulnerable s i tes .

To answer these questions, we collect informationabout invasive species distributions and combineit with lake and stream environmental data. If theanswer to all three of the above questions is yes fora specific lake or stream, then that lake or streamis considered to be vulnerable to invasion.

For example, zebra mussels need high levels ofdissolved calcium to build their shells. Inaddition, zebra mussels only survive in water witha particular pH level. Using available pH andcalcium data for lakes and streams, we can mapwhere zebra mussels are capable of establishingand causing detrimental impacts.

We can use a similar approach with the rainbowsmelt, an invasive fish. Rainbow smelt prefer deep,unproductive lakes and can have negative impactson native fish species such as lake whitefish, lakeherring, yellow perch and walleye. We cancombine fish survey data with existing informationabout Wisconsin lakes to determine whererainbow smelt are capable of negative impacts.

For other species, information about lake access,the presence of native species and proximity to theGreat Lakes can be used to ask the other SmartPrevention questions. Our research is finding thatonly a fraction of the lakes and streams in

Wisconsin are vulnerable to any particularinvasive species. It is our belief that thesevulnerable lakes and streams should receiveattention from resource management agenciesresponsible for stopping the spread of aquaticinvasive species.

While this research is designed to guide the efforts of state and federal resource agencies, basicinvasive species prevention steps need to bepracticed by all people in all aquatic ecosystems.By removing plants from boats and trailers,disposing of unused bait in the trash and draininglive wells and bilge water, the spread of harmfulinvasive species can be greatly reduced.

There is an old adage that an ounce or preventionis worth a pound of cure. In the case of invasivespecies, this is truer than ever. Throughapplication of the Smart Prevention approach, we are developing and implementing ways tomake invasive species prevention programs moreefficient and effective.

Jeff Maxted is a Research Specialist with the University ofWisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology. He can be reached at(608) 262-3088 or [email protected]. Jake Vander Zanden isan Associate Professor with the Center for Limnology and theDepartment of Zoology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.He can be reached at (608) 262-9464 or [email protected].

M A N A G I N G I N V A S I V E S P E C I E S


A vacation on the Great Lakes Circle Tour can bethe adventure of a lifetime. But if one only sticksto the highways marked with the distinctive greenCircle Tour signs, much of the show will be missed.

In 1996, my father and I took our own CircleTour trip. We traveled through Ontario on theeastern shore of Lake Huron through the BrucePeninsula and onto Manitoulin Island. Weproceeded around the northern shore of LakeSuperior and ended with a ferry ride across LakeMichigan from Manitowoc to Ludington.

The real delights were when we got off the mainroad and experienced the culture of the lake townsand the natural areas on the shore. My father, ageologist who served the Michigan Department ofTransportation for many years, shared his knowledgeas we explored the limestone geology of ManitoulinIsland. There was the serendipity of discoveringthe music and ales of a Celtic festival in Goderich,Ontario. Experiences like these rest around eachbend of the Lakes and inspired the developmentof Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Circle Tour – CoastalAccess Guide (http://www.aqua.wisc.edu/glct/).

The Coastal Access Guide builds upon severalWeb sites that promote cultural tourism andexploration, such as:

• the Green Map Systemhttp://www.greenmaps.org/

• the Coastal Access Guide in Connecticuthttp://www.lisrc.uconn.edu/coastalaccess/

• the Oregon Coastal Atlashttp://www.coastalatlas.net/

Drawing on these sites and others, we developed a Coastal Access Guide to map the Circle Tourroute along with local roads, parks, beaches,lighthouses and shipwrecks on the Great Lakes. Hotlinks on interactive maps connect to other Web sitesoffering more information about each attraction.

A favorite feature of the site is the panoramicphoto viewer. These photos show locations thatprovide public access and/or water views. Thephotos synchronize with a vicinity map thatshows the field of view. One can rotate the photo360 degrees to orient places on the map. Anotherfeature links to webcams so one knows whether to pack a raincoat or bring sunscreen beforeventuring out.

G R E A T L A K E S C I R C L E T O U R – C O A S T A LDavid Hart


The Great Lakes ’ rea l

de l ights are the culture

of lake towns and natura l

areas on the shore .


A C C E S S G U I D E

A variety of Web mapping software used todevelop the site allowed us to research the benefitsand drawbacks of each technology. The main siteis developed using the Google™ Maps interfacethus making it easy to use with a Web browserlike Windows® Internet Explorer or MozillaFirefox®. Virtual Earth software such as Google™

Earth and NASA World Wind make it possible tointegrate different features and simulate flyingover the Circle Tour. Open source software suchas MapServer, Chameleon and OpenLayers pull in information from other data custodians andshare our maps as well. It is our intention to writehow-to guides so others in the Great Lakes regionand beyond can learn from our example.

The Great Lakes Circle Tour – Coastal AccessGuide will be a useful tool for many groups inWisconsin. It will benefit tourists planning tripson the Circle Tour as it will show where to pulloff the busy highway to explore coastal parks andbeaches, lighthouses, shipwrecks and othercultural and natural attractions. The panoramaphotos of parks and scenic vistas could provide aGreat Lakes experience to elderly or handicappedpeople who are unable to travel.

The Coastal Access Guide will be useful in theclassroom for students to study the diversity of theGreat Lakes shore. The virtual globe applicationswill add to environmental science and socialstudies classes. Coastal managers will gain throughimproved access to Great Lakes coastal data. Thepanorama photos provide a benchmark to studypotential changes to the scenic vistas along thecoast. Finally, the project showcases the sizablepublic investment in coastal land acquisition andaccess infrastructure made over the years by theWisconsin Coastal Management Program andWisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

Several enhancements are planned for the CoastalAccess Guide. The Wisconsin Department ofNatural Resources recently completed aninventory and Web mapping site for boat anddeveloped shore fishing access sites in the state;the Great Lakes boat ramps will be added to theCoastal Access Guide. Historian Margaret BeattieBogue finished writing the second edition ofAround the Shores of Lake Superior providingvaluable information about historic sites on theCircle Tour route. David Mickelson, professoremeritus of Geology at the University ofWisconsin-Madison, recently took oblique aerialphotos of much of the Great Lakes shore inWisconsin. These will provide a unique bird’s-eyeview of the coast.

Portal Wisconsin (http://www.portalwisconsin.org/)—maintained by the Cultural Coalition ofWisconsin—provides a calendar of cultural events in the state. We are exploring techniques to geographically reference this calendar into thesite. These updates are just the beginning forcreating the definitive Web site for exploring theGreat Lakes.

David Hart is the GIS Specialist at the University of WisconsinSea Grant Institute. He can be reached at (608) 262-6515 [email protected].

Project NameGranteeWCMP AwardProject Description

Coastwide

Wetland Identification and Information Tool Kit Distribution and Media CampaignDepartment of Natural Resources$72,650Provide an information toolkit to propertyowners, local governments and others todetermine if a site contains wetlands and how to deal with wetland issues.Contact: Ms. Cherie Wieloch, (608) 266-7360

Raising Coastal Communities’ Awareness of Coastal Wetland Values, Threats andProtection StrategiesWisconsin Wetlands Association$36,960Launch the results of the Wetlands ThreatAnalysis to raise awareness about the importanceof and threats to coastal wetlands.Contact: Ms. Becky Abel, (608) 250-9971

Niagara Escarpment Overlay Zoning GuideBay-Lake Regional Planning Commission$29,519Create a guide for communities to developNiagara Escarpment zoning overlays focusedprimarily on the protection of escarpment areasalong the Green Bay shoreline and its naturalresources and viewsheds.Contact: Mr. Mark Walter, (920) 448-2820

Wisconsin Great Lakes/WOJB-FM Multimedia OutreachLac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa Public Broadcasting(WOJB-FM)$28,800Support Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwa PublicBroadcasting to increase public awareness about Wisconsin Great Lakes restoration andprotection issues.Contact: Mr. Eric Schubring, (715) 634-2100

Technical AssistanceNorthwest Regional Planning Commission$20,000Provide funding for technical support and publicoutreach in the Lake Superior Region.Contact: Mr. Jason Laumann, (715) 635-2197

Technical AssistanceBay-Lake Regional Planning Commission$20,000Provide funding for technical assistance, includingwetland delineations and zoning variances, andpublic outreach efforts in the Bay-Lake region.Contact: Mr. Mark Walter, (920) 448-2820

Technical AssistanceSoutheastern Wisconsin Regional PlanningCommission$20,000Provide funding for technical support and publicoutreach in the Southeastern Lake MichiganRegion.Contact: Dr. Don Reed, (262) 547-6721

2 0 0 7 W I S C O N S I N C O A S TA L M A N A G E M E N T


P R O G R A M G R A N T S

Phragmites (Common Reed) Control on CoastalState Natural AreasWisconsin Department of Natural Resources$20,000Remove Phragmites from eight shoreline areastotaling 50 acres and an additional 190 acres thatwere previously treated.Contact: Mr. Mark Martin, (608) 266-8916

Evaluation of Phragmites Control MeasuresWisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade & Consumer Protection$12,000Evaluate the success of previous efforts to controlPhragmites in Green Bay, recommend appropriatecontrol methods for areas with important nativespecies and assess the long-term effectiveness ofalternative control measures.Contact: Ms. Ursula Petersen, (608) 224-4538

Technical Assistance to Local Units of GovernmentWisconsin Department of Natural Resources$370,170Support four water management specialists whoprovide technical assistance to local units ofgovernment and administer wetland regulationsthroughout the coastal regions.Contact: Ms. Lois Simon, (608) 266-8852

Coastal Wetland InventoryWisconsin Department of Natural Resources$88,033Update the Wisconsin Wetland Inventory for allcoastal counties and convert aerial photographs todigital files for Door County.Contact: Ms. Lois Simon, (608) 266-8852

Mapping and Volunteer Monitoring of Ephemeral Pond WetlandsWisconsin Department of Natural Resources$45,096Inventory ephemeral ponds in Ozaukee, Racineand Kenosha Counties, develop a citizenmonitoring network to expand the inventory toother counties, host a public forum to share theinventory results and provide the inventory datato local partners.Contact: Mr. Thomas Bernthal, (608) 266-3033

Ashland County

Weed Free Watersheds in Northern WisconsinNorthwoods Cooperative Weed ManagementArea (ABDI Land and Water Conservation Dept.)$7,040Provide general education on invasive speciesissues and specific information on impacts andon-the-ground control methods for target invadersthat affect coastal habitat.Contact: Ms. Leah Gibala, (715) 682-7123

Bayfield County

Bayfield County Lake Protection, Phase IIIBayfield County$27,386Develop ordinance changes to implementbuilding setback requirements developed by theCounty. The project includes public education,information sharing, website updates and refiningthe maintenance and tracking of septic systems.Contact: Mr. Karl Katrosky, (715) 373-6138

Brown County

Brown County Open Space and OutdoorRecreation Plan UpdateBrown County Planning Commission$29,996Update the 2001 Brown County Open Space and Outdoor Recreation Plan ensuring thatrecommendations are consistent with the adopted2004 Brown County Comprehensive Plan.Contact: Mr. Aaron Schuette, (920) 448-6486

Brown County Wetland Restoration InventoryBrown County Land Conservation Department$21,000Inventory small wetland restorations in BrownCounty following the protocol of previousWCMP-funded projects along Lake Michigan.Contact: Ms. Jill Hapner, (262) 242-7398

Door County

Final Construction Plans for Nonpoint SourceBeach Contamination ReductionDoor County Soil and Water ConservationDepartment$53,900Offer a cost share incentive program tomunicipalities to obtain final construction plans forreducing beach contamination in Door County.Contact: Ms. Vinni Chomeau, (920) 746-2214


Douglas County

Arrowhead Pier Reconstruction Planning City of Superior$32,544Obtain public input and plan for the replacementof the deteriorating Arrowhead Fishing Pier.Contact: Ms. Mary Morgan, (715) 395-7279

Lake Superior Wetland and Stream Monitoring Program University of Wisconsin-Superior$29,890Collect water quality data at three estuaries on the Lake Superior south shore. Data will supportresource management decisions and outreachabout water quality and coastal wetlands by localofficials and the public.Contact: Ms. Sue O’Halloran, (715) 394-8525

Estimating the Effects of Land Use and LandCover Change on Lake Superior Tributary StreamsUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison$22,998Investigate and model the relationship between landuse cover, canopy and flows within a watershed.Contact: Dr. David Mladenoff, (608) 262-1992

Northern Water Trails to the Big LakesRiver Alliance of Wisconsin$20,000Develop a guide called Northern Water Trails to the Big Lakes.Contact: Mr. Denny Caneff, (608) 257-2424

Study of the Vascular Plants of Amnicon FallsState Park University of Wisconsin-Superior$19,172Complete a floristic study of Amnicon Falls StatePark begun in 2006. The resulting inventory willbe a valuable tool to prioritize future preservationand restoration projects in the area.Contact: Mr. Paul Hlina, (715) 398-5453

Outdoor Classroom in the Superior Municipal Forest City of Superior$11,500Construct an outdoor classroom in the City’sMunicipal Forest and interpretive signs nearexisting benches on the existing trail and atsignificant ecological sites.Contact: Ms. Kari Jacobson-Hedin, (715) 394-0392

Iron County

Protecting Lake Superior Resources in Iron CountyIron County$13,500Identify inconsistencies between the Iron CountyComprehensive Plan and the current Iron Countyzoning ordinance and recommend changes to thezoning ordinance to better protect the county’snatural resource areas, water resources and coastalareas.Contact: Mr. Mike Saari, (715) 561-3375

Kenosha County

Center for Environmental Education,Demonstration and Applied Research City of Kenosha$40,000Establish a Center for Environmental Education,Demonstration and Applied Research at theKenosha Beach House.Contact: Mr. Franz (Art) Strong, (262) 653-4080

Trail Restoration at Kenosha Dunes-ChiwaukeeSNA Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources$9,600Establish a one-quarter mile walking trail toprovide managed access to the Kenosha Dunesunit of the Chiwaukee Prairie State Natural Area.Contact: Mr. Marty Johnson, (262) 884-2391

Milwaukee County

Milwaukee River and Riverside Park PublicAccess TrailsMilwaukee County$150,000Develop trails along the Milwaukee River and atMilwaukee County’s Riverside Park.Contact: Ms. Sue Black, (414) 257-4590

Emmber Lane River Access and RestorationDemonstration ProjectCity of Milwaukee$100,000Construct a floating dock and debris screen onthe Menomonee River to address fisheries habitat,water quality and public access.Contact: Mr. Ghassan Korban, (414) 286-3304


Action on the Kinnickinnic River: Community Involvement in Planning for Urban Concrete RemovalSixteenth Street Community Health Center$72,350Develop public dialogue on the MilwaukeeMetropolitan Sewerage District’s planning processfor removing 11,000 linear feet of concrete liningwithin the Kinnickinnic River. The project is animplementation effort of the Action Plan for theKinnickinnic River Corridor.Contact: Mr. Peter McAvoy, (414) 672-1315

Film and Educational Package on Great LakesDiversion IssuesUW-Milwaukee, Great Lakes WATER Institute$54,636Develop a movie and educational materials oncoastal water availability, Great Lakes waterdiversion issues, water use and techniques forwater conservation and quality preservation.Contact: Dr. Rebecca Klaper, (414) 382-1713

Southeast Side Comprehensive Area PlanRedevelopment Authority of the City of Milwaukee$50,000Create a Southeast Side Comprehensive Area Planin the City of Milwaukee.Contact: Mr. Michael Maierle, (414) 286-5720

Milwaukee River Ecological Restoration Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District$30,000Implement an ecological restoration project thatwill engage minority high school students, collegeinterns and volunteers in the removal of invasiveplant species in the Milwaukee River basin.Contact: Ms. Kimberly Gleffe, (414) 271-8000

Project Safe Harbor: Historic Photo DigitizationMilwaukee Public Library$20,000Consolidate, preserve and digitize photos from the Port of Milwaukee, the Great Lakes MarineCollection and the Milwaukee Public LibraryHistoric Photo Collection to assist researcherslocate historic photos.Ms. Virginia Schwartz, (414) 286-3216

Vanselow Wetland RestorationMilwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District$10,000Restore 14 acres of farmed wetland to forestedwetland and wet prairie habitat. Coastal fundssupported acquisition of this parcel in 2006.Contact: Ms. Sheila Charnon, (414) 225-2134

Protecting the Milwaukee River’s Urban ShorelinesFriends of Milwaukee’s Rivers$15,000Protect threatened reaches of the Milwaukee Riverusing civic engagement and planning tools; workwith the City of Milwaukee to develop an overlaydistrict to protect shorelines on the MilwaukeeRiver north of North Avenue.Contact: Ms. Lynn Broaddus, (414) 287-0207

Great Lakes in My World Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources$7,153Create a 21⁄2 day, 1-credit course for teachers aspart of the Sally Ride Academy includingeducational resources, field experiences andactivities to teach students about the Great Lakes.Contact: Ms. Carrie Morgan, (608) 267-5239

Ozaukee

Lakebed Erosion and Bluff Recession on Lake Michigan Shoreline University of Wisconsin-Madison$29,970Investigate and raise public awareness of the roleof lakebed downcutting as it affects long-termbluff recession.Contact: Dr. Chin Wu, (608) 263-3078

Racine County

Revitalizing the Root River in RacineRiver Alliance of Wisconsin$30,000Develop a plan to guide redevelopment andrevitalization efforts on the Root River in the City of Racine.Contact: Mr. Denny Caneff, (608) 257-2424

Root River Environmental EducationCommunity CenterUniversity of Wisconsin-Parkside$29,500Develop educational programs and opportunitiesassociated with the Great Lakes through apartnership with the City of Racine for theestablishment of a new Root River EnvironmentalEducation Community Center (REC).Contact: Dr. Thomas Schnaubelt, (262) 595-3340


Wisconsin Coastal Management Program

Jim DoyleGovernor

Michael L. MorganSecretary, DOA

Laura ArbuckleAdministrator, Division of Intergovernmental Relations, DOA

Harald (Jordy) JordahlDirector, Division of Intergovernmental Relations, DOA

Mike FriisLeader, Resource Policy Team and Manager, WCMP

Travis OlsonWetland Protection & Land Use Planning Coordinator, WCMP

Kathleen AngelFederal Consistency Coordinator, WCMP

Wisconsin Coastal Management Council

Mayor Gary Becker, Chair, Racine

Todd Ambs, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Laura Arbuckle, Wisconsin Department of Administration

Robert Browne, Superior

Sharon Cook, Milwaukee

Patricia Hoeft, Oneida

James P. Hurley, University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute

Larry Kieck, Wisconsin Department of Transportation

Ken Leinbach, Whitefish Bay

Mayor Larry MacDonald, Bayfield

William Schuster, Sturgeon Bay

Representative Terry Van Akkeren, Sheboygan

Senator Robert W. Wirch, Kenosha

Editor

James M. Langdon, Deputy Administrator, Division of Enterprise Operations, DOA

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S


The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program (WCMP) in the Wisconsin Department of Administration(DOA) publishes Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle. It welcomes but is not responsible for the opinionsexpressed by contributing authors.

Photographs

Page, Image, SourceCover, Mawikwe Sea Caves at Lake Superior,Damon Panek (National Park Service)Contents, S/V Denis Sullivan, Pier Wisconsin1, Gov. Jim Doyle, Governor’s Press Office2, North Beach, Racine County Convention

and Visitors Bureau3, North Beach Boardwalk, Racine County

Convention and Visitors Bureau4, Niagara Escarpment, Mike Friis (WCMP)5, Wequiock Falls, WCMP6, North Twin Island, National Park Service7, Lake Superior Shore, Jason Laumann8, Potawatomi State Park, Mike Friis (WCMP)9, Cave Point, Eric Fowle

(Niagara Escarpment Resource Network)10, Lee A. Tregurtha at Bay Shipbuilding,

Travis Olson (WCMP)11, Guy V. Molinari, Manitowoc Marine Group11, WaveRunner, Palmer Johnson12, Phragmites, Travis Olson (WCMP)13, Zebra Mussels, United States Environmental

Protection Agency, Great Lakes NationalProgram Office

14, Southport Light Station at Kenosha,Wisconsin Department of Tourism

15, Great Lakes Circle Tour – Coastal Access Guide16, Lake Superior Beach, UW-Extension20, Bayfield Harbor, Bill Millhouser21, Oak Island, National Park Service

Wisconsin Coastal Management Program

101 East Wilson StreetPO Box 8944Madison, Wisconsin 53708-8944(608) 267-7982http://[email protected]

Funded by the Wisconsin Coastal ManagementProgram and the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management under theCoastal Zone Management Act, Grant#NA07NOS4190064.

The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program,part of the Wisconsin Department ofAdministration, was established in 1978 topreserve, protect and manage the resources of the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior coastlinefor this and future generations.

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2007 | page 21DOA-9743-P 09/2007

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