wireless transmission & technology

8/17/2019 Wireless Transmission & Technology

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Wireless Transmission &

Technology

Presented by:-

Anant Desai

Tanmay Deshmukh

Vinod Dalvi

Sasmit Gokhale

Vaibhav Dighe



utline

• !ommunication Systems

• Wireless !ommunications

• !urrent Wireless Systems

- !ellular systems

- Satellite Systems

- "luetooth

- Wi-#i$Wireless #idelity%



Why Wireless

• #reedom 'rom (ires)

• *asy to Setu+

• ,Auto agical. instantaneous communication (ithout

+hysical connection setu+ e)g)- "luetooth/ Wi-#i)

• Global coverage• !ommunication can reach (here (iring is in'easible or

costly

• *)g)- rural areas/ buildings/ battle'ield/ outer s+ace)

• Stay connected/ 'le0ibility to connect multi+le devices



What is Wireless !ommunication

• Transmitting1receiving voice and data using electromagnetic

(aves in o+en s+ace)

• The in'ormation 'rom sender to receiver is carried over a (ell

de'ined channel)

• *ach channel has a 'i0ed 're2uency band(idth & ca+acity$bit

rate%)

• Di''erent channels can be used to transmit in'ormation in

+arallel and inde+endently)



"rie' 3istory

• Ancient Systems: Smoke Signals/ !arrier Pigeons

• 4adio invented in the 5667s by arconi

• any so+histicated military radio systems (eredevelo+ed during and a'ter WW8

• !ellular has en9oyed e0+onential gro(th since 566/ (ith

more than 8 billion users (orld(ide today

• ;gnited the recent (ireless revolution/ 567-877<• Gro(th rate ta+ering o''



Ty+es o' Wireless Transmission

• 4AD; T4A=S;SS;=:- easily generated/ mni-directional /

travel long distance / easily +enetrates buildings)

• ;!4WAV* T4A=S;SS;=:- (idely used 'or long distance

communication / relatively ine0+ensive)

• ;=#4A4*D T4A=S;SS;= :- Widely used 'or short range

communication / unable to +ass through solid ob9ects / used 'or

indoor (ireless >A=s / not 'or outdoors)

• >;G3T WAV* T4A=S;SS;=:- unguided o+tical signal such as

laser / unidirectional / easy to install / no license re2uired)



Wireless Systems: Range Comparison

Satellite

>inks

SW

4adio

W

4adio#

4adio

obile

Tele+honyW>A=s"luetooth

5/777 ?m577 ?m57 ?m5 ?m577 m57 m5 m



Wireless Technology

• CELLULAR SYSTEM

• SATELLITE SYSTEM

• Wi-Fi

• BLUETOOTH



Satellite Systems

A satellite is an arti'icial ob9ect

intentionally +laced into theorbit o' a +lanet)



Satellite Systems

• 3o( Satellite (orks

• Ty+es o' rbit:- >o(-*arth-rbit $>*s% edium-*arth-rbit $*s%

Geostationary $G*s%

• A++lications:- Global Positioning System$GPS%



3o( Satellites Work

5) A *arth Station sendsmessage in G3@ range)$+link%

8) Satellite 4eceive andretransmit signals back)$Do(nlink%

<) ther *arth Stationsreceive message in use'ulstrength area) $#oot+rint%



Satellite Orbits

Distance (km) Period

>o( *arth rbit $>*% B77 - 8777 C8 hr

edium *arth rbit $*% 57)777 5E)777 CF hr

Geosynchronous *arth rbit $G*% <F)777 8 hr



Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO)

Altitude $<BE-5777 miles%

4evolution time: 7 min - < hours)

Advantages:

4educes transmission delay

*liminates need 'or bulkyreceiving e2ui+ment)

Disadvantages:

Smaller coverage area)

Shorter li'e s+an $E-6 yrs)% than

G*s $57 yrs%)

Subdivisions: >ittle/ "ig/ and ega

$Su+er% >*s)



Middle-Earth-Orbiting (MEO)•*s orbits bet(een the

altitudes o' E/F77 and /E77

miles)

•These orbits are +rimarily

reserved 'or communications

satellites that cover the =orth

and South Pole)

•nlike the circular orbit o' the geostationary

satellites/ *s are +laced in an elli+tical

$oval-sha+ed% orbit)

•A++ro0imately a do@en medium *arth orbiting

satellites are necessary to +rovide continuous

global coverage 8 hours a day)



eosyn!hrono"s-Earth-Orbit (EO)

• rbit is synchronous (ith the

earths rotation)

• #rom the ground the satellite

a++ears 'i0ed)

• Altitude is about 8</777 miles)

• !overage to 7H o' +lanet +er

satellite) Provides images o'nearly one-third o' the *arthIs

sur'ace every 8< minutes (ith

km resolution)



GPS: What is it

A constellation of 24 satellites

•The Global Positioning System $GPS% is a (orld(ide radio-

navigation system 'ormed 'rom a constellation o' 8 satellites and

their ground stations)

•They are constantly moving/ making t(o com+lete orbits in lessthan 8 hours)

•These satellites are traveling at s+eeds o' roughly B/777 miles an

hour)



GPS: 3o( it (orksSatellites are reference points for locations on Earth

•The (hole idea behind GPS is to use satellites in s+ace as

re'erence +oints 'or locations here on earth)

•GPS satellites use a Jtriangulate/J system (here the GPS receiver

measures distance using the travel time o' radio signals)

•"y using triangulation/ (e can accurately measure our distance

and 'ind out +osition 'rom three satellites +osition any(here on

earth)

"asic calculations measuring distance

Velocity * Time = Distance

Velocity K s+eed o' light $56F/777 miles +er

second) %

Time K a lot o' analysis and calculationsL



Bluetooth"luetooth



What is ">*TT3

•"luetooth is a (ireless technologyused to trans'er data bet(een di''erent electronic

devices)

•The distance o' data transmission is

small in com+arison to other modes o' (ireless

communication)• This technology eradicates the use o' cords/

cables/ ada+ters and +ermits the electronic

devices to communicate (irelessly among each

other)

•"luetooth is a high-s+eed/ lo(-+o(er micro(ave (ireless link

technology/ designed to connect +hones/ la+to+s/ PDAs and other

+ortable e2ui+ment together (ith little or no (ork by the user)



•It comprises of a base ban processor! a raio an an antenna " T#e base-ban processor con$erts t#e ata into si%na&s! t#eantenna of anot#er b&'e toot# e$ice! (it#in at &east )* feetistance! recei$es a transmitte si%na& in t#e air"•It 'ses a fre+'enc,#oppin% sprea spectr'm

tec#ni+'e FHSS. - (#ic#is one of t(o basicmo'&ation tec#ni+'es'se in sprea spectr'msi%na& transmission"Fre+'encies are s(itc#e

repeate&, 'rin% raiotransmission to #e&pre'ce 'n&a(f'& accessor ot#er means ofte&ecomm'nications to

cross pat#s an ca'seinterr'ption

What is "luetooth Technology



;m+ortance ' "luetooth

• These have 4e+laced cables 'or trans'erring

;n'ormation 'rom one *lectronic Device to another

one)

• These have decreased Strain like carrying +hones

(hile talking/ making hands 'ree to do another (ork)

• This is chea+ly Available)

• ;tMs obility is also very ;m+ortant as it doesnMt need

any +o(er outlet or ;nternet connection or any other

items)



A++lications ' "luetooth Devices:

• 3ead Set

• ;n-!ar "luetooth System

• "luetooth *2ui++ed Printer

• "luetooth *2ui++ed Web !am

•"luetooth GPS System

• "luetooth ?ey "oard



Wi-#i



What is Wi-#i

• Short 'or wi reless fi delity.

• ;t is a (ireless technology that uses radio

're2uency to transmit data through the air)• The standard 'or (ireless local area net(orks

$W>A=s%) ;tMs like a common language that all

the devices use to communicate to each other) ;'

you have a standard/ +eo+le can make all sorts o'

devices that can (ork (ith each other)



#rie$ %istory

• ;*** $;nstitute o' *lectrical and *lectronics *ngineers%established the 678)55 Grou+ in 57) S+eci'ications 'orstandard rati'ied in 5B)

• ;nitial s+eeds (ere 5 and 8 b+s)• ;*** modi'ied the standard in 5 to include:

& 678)55b

& 678)55a

& 678)55g (as added in 877<)• ;*** !reated standard/ but Wi-#i Alliance certi'ies +roducts



Wi-'i Standards

Standard Speed Freq band

678)55 8b+s 8)G3@

678)55a Eb+s EG3@

678)55b 55b+s 8)G3@

678)55g Eb+s 8)G3@

678)55n F77b+s 8)1EG3@



Advantages o' Wi-#i

• #reedom Nou can (ork 'rom any locationthat you can get a signal)

• Setu+ !ost =o cabling re2uired)• #le0ibility Ouick and easy to setu+ in

tem+ or +ermanent s+ace)

• Scaleable !an be e0+anded (ith gro(th)• obile Access !an access the net(ork onthe move)



• Generally very lo( transmission rates 'orhigher numbers o' users

• 'ten +ro+rietary/ more +o(er'ul a++roaches/standards are o'ten restricted• any national regulations/ global regulations

are evolving slo(ly• 4estricted 're2uency range/ inter'erences o'

're2uencies

>imitations o' Wireless

wireless transmission & technology

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