wireless sensor networks akyildiz/vuran 1 chapter 18: grand challenges

Wireless Sensor NetworksAkyildiz/Vuran 1

Chapter 18:Chapter 18:Grand ChallengesGrand Challenges


Grand Challenges How Make the Grand Challenges How Make the WSNs Billion Dollar IndustryWSNs Billion Dollar Industry

GRAND CHALLENGE:GRAND CHALLENGE:

ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY ENERGYENERGY

Extremely energy-efficient solutions Extremely energy-efficient solutions In both existing and future solutions for WSNs, energy In both existing and future solutions for WSNs, energy

efficiency is efficiency is the grand challenge. the grand challenge.

2



Physical Layer

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

MAC Layer

Task M

anag

emen

t Plan

e

Po

wer M

anag

emen

t Plan

e

Application Layer

Cro

ss-Layer M

anag

emen

t Plan

e

Po

wer M

anag

emen

t Plan

e

Communication Module

Our ViewOur View

Cross-Layer Melting

Traditional ApproachTraditional Approach

Traditional layered approach is not suitable for WSNs!


XLP: Cross-Layer ProtocolXLP: Cross-Layer Protocol

Initiative Concept Receiver Contention Local Congestion Control Angle-based Routing Channel Adaptive Operation Duty Cycle Operation

MC Vuran and I.F. Akyildiz,MC Vuran and I.F. Akyildiz, “XLP: A Cross Layer Protocol for Efficient Communication in WSNs,”“XLP: A Cross Layer Protocol for Efficient Communication in WSNs,”IEEE Tr. on Mobile Computing, Nov. 2010.IEEE Tr. on Mobile Computing, Nov. 2010.Prelim version:Prelim version:

Proc. of Int. Conf on Info Science and Systems, Princeton, MarchProc. of Int. Conf on Info Science and Systems, Princeton, March 2006.2006.

PHY

Application LayerTransport

Network

MAC

XLP: Cross –Layer

Protocol


XLP: Comparison with 5 Different XLP: Comparison with 5 Different Layered Protocol StacksLayered Protocol Stacks

Energy consumption Energy consumption avg. 65% reduction avg. 65% reductionThroughput Throughput avg. 32% increment avg. 32% incrementLatency Latency avg. 5% increment (tradeoff)avg. 5% increment (tradeoff)Goodput Goodput avg. 39% increment avg. 39% increment Implementation Implementation avg. 15% reduction in code avg. 15% reduction in code

spacespace



User Requirements/User Requirements/

ApplicationsApplications

ArchitectureArchitecture

and Topologyand Topology

CommunicationCommunication

ProtocolsProtocols

HOW TO REALIZE THE MAPPING??


FURTHER GRAND CHALLENGESFURTHER GRAND CHALLENGES

Cost Reduction to CENTS ??

Deployment (Architecture) Decisions (optimum # of sensors, optimum # of sinks, optimal locations, fast deployment, reusability, terrain considerations)



How to operate and maintain these networks?

Simple Network Management Tools?

How to solve the ENERGY problem?

How to deal with the SCALABILITY problem?



How to deal with TERABYTE of sensed information??

Network Monitoring and Management

How to integrate WSNs into NGWI ?


Wireless Networking: Wireless Networking: The Big PictureThe Big Picture

Cellular NetworksCellular Networks 2G2G 2.5G2.5G 3G3G 4G?4G?

WLANWLAN Wireless Mesh NetworksWireless Mesh Networks WiMAXWiMAX Wireless Sensor NetworksWireless Sensor Networks Cognitive Radio NetworksCognitive Radio Networks


The FutureThe Future

INTERNETGroundGroundSegmentSegment

SpaceSpaceSegmentSegment

WirelessWirelessSegmentSegment Wireless

LANs & MANs3G/4G

WirelessMesh

Networks

Ad Hoc&Sensor

Networks

MEOsMEOs

LEOsLEOs

GEOGEO

CognitiveRadio

Networks


Integration of Sensor Integration of Sensor Networks and the InternetNetworks and the Internet

Sensor networks are developed in isolation so farSensor networks are developed in isolation so far

Recent attempts in integrating WSNs with InternetRecent attempts in integrating WSNs with Internet– 6LoWPAN: IPv6 for WSNs6LoWPAN: IPv6 for WSNs

IPv6 packet header is compressed to sizes that are suitable for IPv6 packet header is compressed to sizes that are suitable for

sensor devicessensor devices Efficient integration for communication between an IPv6-based Efficient integration for communication between an IPv6-based

device and a sensor devicedevice and a sensor device Significant challenges still exist in seamless integration !!Significant challenges still exist in seamless integration !!


Integration of Sensor Networks and Integration of Sensor Networks and the Internetthe Internet

Coexistence of WLANs and WSNs at the Coexistence of WLANs and WSNs at the MAC layerMAC layer

End-to-end End-to-end routingrouting between a sensor device and an Internet device between a sensor device and an Internet device

Existing Existing transport layer transport layer solutions for WSNs are not compatible with the solutions for WSNs are not compatible with the TCP and UDP protocolsTCP and UDP protocols

Adaptive transport protocols Adaptive transport protocols required for seamless reliable transport of required for seamless reliable transport of event features throughout the WSN and next-generation wireless event features throughout the WSN and next-generation wireless InternetInternet


Integration of Sensor Networks Integration of Sensor Networks and the Internetand the Internet

Internet protocols are generally prone to energy and memory Internet protocols are generally prone to energy and memory inefficiency inefficiency

c.f. WSN protocols tailored to provide high c.f. WSN protocols tailored to provide high energy and memory energy and memory efficiencyefficiency

Fundamental differences in design principles necessitate novel Fundamental differences in design principles necessitate novel solutionssolutions– Significant modifications in Significant modifications in eacheach network are required to provide network are required to provide

seamless operationseamless operation


Wireless Sensor and Actor NetworksWireless Sensor and Actor NetworksI. F. Akyildiz and I. H. Kasimoglu, ``Wireless sensor and actor networks: Research challenges,’’ Ad Hoc Networks, 2(4):351–367, October 2004.

Most WSNs focus on data gatheringMost WSNs focus on data gathering

Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) and, eventually, Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) and, eventually,

cyber-physical systems (CPS)cyber-physical systems (CPS)

Recent developments in roboticsRecent developments in robotics Need to perform specialized tasks, .e.g., acting on environment Need to perform specialized tasks, .e.g., acting on environment

based on sensed events based on sensed events


Wireless Sensor Actor Network ChallengesWireless Sensor Actor Network Challenges

– Sensor–Actor Coordination: Sensor–Actor Coordination: Algorithms that can provide ordering, synchronization, and elimination of the Algorithms that can provide ordering, synchronization, and elimination of the

redundancy of actionsredundancy of actions

– Actor–Actor Coordination: Actor–Actor Coordination: A unified framework that can be exploited by different applications to always A unified framework that can be exploited by different applications to always

select the best networking paradigm availableselect the best networking paradigm available

– Analytic framework to characterize the three planes, i.e., the Analytic framework to characterize the three planes, i.e., the management, management, coordination, and communication planes coordination, and communication planes in WSANsin WSANs

– Cross-layer communication for effective sensing, data transmission, and Cross-layer communication for effective sensing, data transmission, and actingacting


Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs)Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs)I. F. Akyildiz, T. Melodia, and K. Chowdury, ``A Survey on Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks,’’ Computer Networks, (Elsevier), 51(4): 921-960, March 2007

– Recent progress in CMOS technology has enabled the development of Recent progress in CMOS technology has enabled the development of single chip camera modulessingle chip camera modules

– Microphones have for long been used as an integral part of wireless Microphones have for long been used as an integral part of wireless sensor nodessensor nodes

– Focus of research in digital signal processing, communication & Focus of research in digital signal processing, communication & networking, and controlnetworking, and control


WMSNs ChallengesWMSNs Challenges

Aggregation and fusion Aggregation and fusion of both inter-media and intra-media are necessaryof both inter-media and intra-media are necessary

Tradeoffs between Tradeoffs between compressioncompression at end-nodes and at end-nodes and communicatingcommunicating raw data raw data have yet to be clearly analyzedhave yet to be clearly analyzed

At the physical layer, At the physical layer, UWB communication UWB communication for point-to-point links has been for point-to-point links has been successfully accomplished.successfully accomplished.

Multi-hop communication through the UWB technology is still an open Multi-hop communication through the UWB technology is still an open research issueresearch issue

Comprehensive analytical models are needed to quantitatively compare Comprehensive analytical models are needed to quantitatively compare different variants of UWB and determinedifferent variants of UWB and determine


Wireless Sensor Networks in Wireless Sensor Networks in Challenging EnvironmentsChallenging Environments

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs)

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs)Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs)

I. F. Akyildiz, D. Pompili, and T. Melodia, ``Underwater acoustic sensor networks: research challenges,’’ Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) Journal, 3(3):257-279, March 2005.

I.F. Akyildiz and E. P. Stuntebeck, ``Wireless underground sensor networks: research challenges,’’ Ad Hoc Networks (Elsevier) Journal, 4:669–686, July 2006.

wireless sensor networks akyildiz/vuran 1 chapter 18: grand challenges

Documents