Wireless Sensor Network

Md. Javedul Ferdous

Agenda• Introduction

• Differences with ad hoc networks

• Applications

• Architectures

• Future

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Wireless Sensor Network

“A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or

environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants, at different locations.”

- Wikipedia

Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) vs. Mobile Ad Hoc

Network (MANET)

WSN MANET

Security Symmetric Key Cryptography Public Key Cryptography

Routing Support specialized traffic

pattern. Cannot afford to have

too many node states and

packet overhead

Support any node pairs

Some source routing and

distance vector protocol incur

heavy control traffic

Resource Tighter resources (power,

processor speed, bandwidth)

Not as tight.

Applications of WSNs

• Constant monitoring & detection of specific events

• Military, battlefield surveillance

• Forest fire & flood detection

• Habitat exploration of animals

• Patient monitoring

• Home appliances

Habitat Monitoring on Great Duck Island

• http://www.greatduckisland.net/

• Intel Research Laboratory at Berkeley initiated a collaboration with the College of the Atlantic in Bar Harbor and the University of California at Berkeley to deploy wireless sensor networks on Great Duck Island, Maine (in 2002)

• Monitor the microclimates in and around nesting burrows used by the Leach's Storm Petrel

• Goal : habitat monitoring kit for researchers worldwide

FireBug

• Wildfire Instrumentation System Using Networked Sensors

• Allows predictive analysis of evolving fire behavior

• Firebugs: GPS-enabled, wireless thermal sensor motes based on TinyOS that self-organize into networks for collecting real time data in wild fire environments

• Software architecture: Several interacting layers (Sensors, Processing of sensor data, Command center)

• A project by University of California, Berkeley CA.

Preventive Maintenance on an Oil Tanker in the North Sea: The

BP Experiment

• Collaboration of Intel & BP

• Use of sensor networks to support preventive maintenance on board an oil tanker in the North Sea.

• A sensor network deployment onboard the ship

• System gathered data reliably and recovered from errors when they occurred.

• The project was recognized by InfoWorld as one of the top 100 IT projects in 2004,

Architectures

• Layered

• Clustered

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Layered Architecture

• A single powerful base station (BS)

• Layers of sensor nodes around BS

• Layer i: All nodes i-hop away from BS

• Applications:

• In-building: BS is an access point

• Military

• Short-distance, low power tx

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• Organizes the sensor nodes

into clusters

• Each cluster is governed by

a cluster-head

• Only heads send messages

to a BS

• Suitable for data fusion

• Self-organizing

Clustered Architecture

Future of WSNSmart Home / Smart Office

• Sensors controlling

appliances and electrical

devices in the house.

• Better lighting and heating

in office buildings.

• The Pentagon building

has used sensors

extensively.

Biomedical / Medical• Health Monitors

• Glucose

• Heart rate

• Cancer detection

• Chronic Diseases

• Artificial retina

• Cochlear implants

• Hospital Sensors

• Monitor vital signs

• Record anomalies

Military

Remote deployment of sensors for tactical monitoringof enemy troop movements.

Industrial & Commercial• Numerous industrial and commercial applications:

• Agricultural Crop Conditions

• Inventory Tracking

• In-Process Parts Tracking

• Automated Problem Reporting

• RFID – Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing

• Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring

Traffic Management & Monitoring

Future cars could use wireless sensors to:

Handle Accidents

Handle Thefts

Sensors embedded in the roads to:

–Monitor traffic flows

–Provide real-time route updates

Thank You