wireless overview: 802.11 today - webinabox · my background ieee first and currently, only...

WIRELESS Overview:

802.11 TodayCURRENT AND EMERGING TRENDS: 802.11

SPONSORED BY: IEEE Hawaii Section Joint Signal Processing and Communications Chapter

© 2017 John

Imperial

ROADMAP

• My Background

• Wireless Technologies

• 802.11

• Legacy

• Current and Emerging

• Real-Life, Practical

• Diorama: Data Center; 1x1:1 Clients; 3x3:3 MU-MIMO AP

• External Outdoor Environment (Non-Mesh)

© 2017 John Imperial

My Background

IEEE

First and currently, only engineer in Hawaii

to achieve IEEE Wireless Communications

Professional (WCP) certification

Hawaii Section

Chair: Joint Signal Processing and

Communication Society Chapter

Former Chair, Current Vice-Chair:

Computer Society Chapter

Communications Society

Antenna and Propagation Society

Power and Energy Society

Computer Society

CWNP

CWNA

Wireless Internet Service Provider

Association (WISPA), Member

Association of Computing

Machinery (ACM), Member

American Society for Engineering

Education (ASEE), Member

Pre-K to 12 Committee Member

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11

A set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the following frequency bands:

900 MHz

2.4 GHz

3.6 GHz

5 GHz

60 GHz

© 2017 John

Imperial

What’s so great about WiFi?

WiFi radios are now the primary communications component in:

Smartphones

Tablets

PCs

Other mobile devices

Traditional: Corporate mobile devices with custom software

Improve productivity or functionality

Current: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)

Each employee connect with multiple personal mobile devices

Enterprise mobile business applications

© 2017 John

Imperial

Wi-Fi: End User Viewpoint

“Protect with very strong authentication methods so that only legitimate

users with the proper credentials will be authorized to access network

resources”


COMPLEXITY REALITY

End-to-End

PSTN

DISA

Government Entity

Actual Work Site

Non-US location· No inherent security


Wireless: Portal to Wired Infrastructure

• Inherently has no Application Services

Wired

Bounded

Transmitted only on physical wires

Electromagnetic

Copper

Light/Photons

Fiberoptic

Wireless

Unbounded

Transmitted freely and openly in the air

Electromagnetic

RF

Light/Photons

Laser/LiFi

Sound

Visual

Smoke signals

Aldis Lamps

Semaphore Flags© 2017 John Imperial

Comparison: Licensed vice unlicensed

Licensed

• Lengthy process for submittal and approval

Unlicensed

• 802.11

• Physically accessible by anyone in listening range

• (Visual line-of-sight [LOS] ≠ RF line-of-sight [LOS]

• Shared Access (no exclusive rights or restrictions)

• Subject to regulatory domains for specific standards


CURRENT & EMERGING DIRECTION

• 802.11n

• 802.11ac

• 802.11ax

• 802.11ad

• 802.11ay

• LiFi

• CWBS (Citizens Wireless Broadband System)

• TVWS (TV White Space)

• Vehicle-to-Vehicle

• Ethernet Radios

• Mining and Transportation: Communications with vehicles moving

up to 220 miles per hour

• Ethernet over Power Lines


802.11n and 802.11ac

Comparison

802.11n Supports 20 and 40 MHz channels

Supports 2.4 and 5 GHz frequency bands

Supports BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM

Supports many types of explicit beamforming

Supports up to 4 spatial streams

Supports single-user transmission only

Includes significant enhancements (A-MSDU, A-MPDU)

802.11ac Add 80 and160 MHz channels

Supports 5 GHz only

Adds 256-QAM

Supports only null data packet (NDP) explicit beamforming

Supports up to 8 spatial streams (AP); client devices up to 4 spatial streams

Adds multi-user transmission

Supports similar MAC enhancements, with extensions to accommodate high data rates

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLAN

Next step from 802.11ac Wave 2

Work in progress

MIMO-OFDM

Increase throughput up to 5x of 802.11ac Wave 2

Predicted: 10 Gbps [2.4 and/or 5 GHz] (tested by Huawei Technologies)

1024-QAM modulation

EMPHASIS: High-Density Wi-FI deployments

Efficiency: more sophisticated system for routing bits of messages where they need to go

Example: Technology convention or trade shows

Example: User checking email on a public Wi-Fi at a busy airport terminal

Existing co-existence features built into WiFi are not sufficient in dense environments

~2019

© 2017 John

Imperial


Key Features and Applications

Backwards compatible with 802.11a/b/g/n/ac

Increase 4X the average throughput per user in high-density scenarios:

Train stations

Airports

Stadiums

Data rates and channel widths similar to 802.11ac

Exception: MCS 10 and 11 with 1024-QAM

Specified for downlink and uplink multi-user operation by means of MU-MIMO and OFDM

Larger OFDM FFT sizes (4x larger)

Narrower subcarrier spacing (4x closer)

Longer symbol time (4x) for improved robustness and performance in multipath fading environments and outdoors

Improved traffic flow and channel access

Better power management for longer battery life

© 2017 John

Imperial


Target Applications

Cellular data offloading

By 2020, 38.1exabytes (38.1 EB) Wi-Fi offload traffic will be generated each month

1 EB ≡ 1018 bytes one quintillion bytes

Equivalent to moving more than 6000 Blue-ray movies per minute on these networks

Continues to exceed projected monthly mobile/cellular traffic (30.6 EB)

Environments with many APs and a high concentration of users with

heterogeneous devices (Airport Wi-Fi ≠ Home Wi-Fi)

Indoors/Outdoors Mixed environments

© 2017 John

Imperial

802.11ac vs 802.11ad

Different Frequencies

802.11ac 5 GHz

Constrained to existing unlicensed 802.11 frequency bands

Founded as gigabit less than 6 GHz

Two new channels

80 MHz

160 MHz

256-QAM

8 bits /symbol (30% gain)

Pre-802.11ac: 6 bits/symbol

802.11ad

60 GHz

Founded on recently released

unlicensed new/repurposed

spectrum

US, Europe,

Very wide channel (4 GHz)

Conservative modulation (16-

QAM(

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ad WiGig

WiFi Alliance WiGig certification

Began product certification: Oct. 28, 2017

60 GHz frequency band

Speed: 8 Gbps

Range: 10 m (32.8 ft)

Think DoD/Intel/Ops classified environments

(-----): Instant Wireless Sync Peer-to-Peer; Kiosk Sync & Data Exchange

High-density, heterogeneous environments (indoors/outdoors mixed environments)

Levi Stadium has APs under every other-2 seats

VoWiFi: Healthcare

180 million WiGig chipsets expected to ship within smartphones in 2017

1.5 billion WiGig devices expected to ship in 2021

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ay Next Generation 60

GHz

Expected IEEE standard: 2017

Extension of 802.11ad

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ay WiGig

Product Status

Intel and Qualcomm have released several tri-band chipsets that support

2.4 GHz

5 GHz

60 GHz

Wi-Fi

Bluetooth

WiGig

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ay WiGig

WiFi WiGig Certified

Intel Tri-Band Wireless 18260 (Maple Peak) chipset

Qualcomm QCA9500 chipset

Devices

Dell Latitude E7450/70

Peraso 60 GHz USB Adapter

Socionext 60 GHz USB Adapter

Smartphones

Docking stations

© 2017 John

Imperial

IEEE 802.11ay WiGigFeature Benefit Function

Ultra-wide channels High performance Ultra-wide channels enable

data rates up to 8 Gbps for

extremely high transmission

speeds

High bandwidth 60 GHz

spectrum

Low latency Greater bandwidth enables

real-time data transfer

Band switching support Dynamic Session Transfer Dynamically switch between

2.4, 5, and 60 GHz in multi-

band devices

Beamforming Increased capacity Reduce link interference

using multiple antennas and

directional communication

Data rate optimization Power efficiency Modulation schemes provide

flexibility between battery life

and performance

Reference:

www.anandtech.com/show/10796/wifi-alliance-begins-to-certify-80211ad-wigig-devices© 2017 John Imperial

DIORAMAVoWiFi: Data Center

• AP is MU-MIMO capable

• End-user device (EUD) is a very small VoWiFi device

• Limited, low power battery

• 1x1:1

• Limited by EUD Single-input, single-output antenna: SISO

• Only a single spatial stream for each EUD

• Six Data Centers

• Each row consists of 26 single-wide and double-width racks of standard

74”-80” height


Actual diorama shown at this point; discussion

EXTERNAL OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT

(Non-Mesh)

Most dense urban environment with dense foliage and moving vehicles

Narrow streets with varying building heights (3-stories to 27-32 stories)

Sustained throughput: 522 Mbps

200 users

Single user with multiple mobile devices (Android phone, Windows phablet, iPad, iMac with OS X) running simultaneous applications

15 Netflix

9 YouTube

20 Google Tabs/webpages

NO CONSIDERATION

Fresnel Zone

Link Budget


Outdoor WLAN Mesh Analysis


QTRS 5

LargeTree

QTRS 3

LargeTree

T-12

8

T-11

7

T-10

0

Hale Ikena

QTRS 6

Solid Circle· Utility Pole across QTRS 3 and QTRS 16

Dashed Circle· Antenna Pattern for

Omni-directional antenna

Arc/Sector Symbol· Antenna Pattern for

Patch/Semi-directional antenna

Non-Root Mesh Access Points (MAPs)· AP Model: 1552E· Antenna Type: Omni-directional; x3· Locations: Utility Pole across QTRS 3 Provide communication link to/from Bldg. T-128 Utility Pole across QTRS 16 Provide communication link to/from Hale Ikena

Non-Root Mesh Access Points (MAPs)· AP Model: 1552E· Antenna Type: Patch/Semi-Directional· Locations: Utility Poles across QTRS: 4,5,6,8,10,11,12,16

wireless overview: 802.11 today - webinabox · my background ieee first and currently, only...

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