wireless nanosensor networks using graphene-based nano...
TRANSCRIPT
Nanonetworks: Motivation
In order to overcome their limitations, these nano-devices can be interconnected to
execute more complex tasks in a distributed manner. The resulting nanonetworks are
envisaged to expand the capabilities and applications of single nano-machines, both in
terms of complexity and range of operation.
Nanotechnology and Graphene
Nanotechnology is a truly multidisciplinary field which has yielded numerous discoveries,
such as graphene and its incredible properties. Indeed, graphene is considered essential
for the development of electronic components in a scale ranging from one to a few
hundreds of nanometers, such as:
Nanoscale FET transistors
Nanosensors
Nanoactuators
Nanobatteries
Nano-Antennas
Autonomous Nano-Devices
The integration of these nano-components in a single device, just a few micrometers in
size, will result in autonomous nano-devices able to perform specific tasks at the nano-
level, such as computing, data storing, sensing or actuation.
We propose the following conceptual architecture of a nanosensor mote with
communication capabilities:
I. F. Akyildiz and J. M. Jornet, “Electromagnetic Wireless Nanosensor Networks,” Nano Communication Networks
(Elsevier) Journal, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-19, March 2010.
Wireless Nanosensor Networks using Graphene-based Nano-Antennas
Sergi Abadal, Josep Miquel Jornet, Ignacio Llatser, Albert Cabellos-Aparicio, Eduard Alarcón and Ian F. Akyildiz
NaNoNetworking Center in Catalunya (N3Cat) and Broadband Wireless Networking Laboratory, Georgia Tech
Graphene-Based Nano-Antennas
Novel nanomaterials such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) and Graphene Nanoribbons
(GNRs) have been proposed as the building material of novel nano-antennas.
Their development stems from the necessity of solutions which radiate in adequate
frequencies. If we used the classical approach, antennas reduced to the nanoscale would
radiate at extremely high frequencies, compromising the feasibility of the communication.
Graphene-Based Nano-Antennas (III)
The numerical results show that the EM wave propagation speed can be up to 100 times
below that of speed of light in vacuum, for CNT and GNR in both edge configurations.
For all this, a 1 µm long antenna radiates in the Terahertz Band (0.1 – 10.0 THz).
Feasible input resistances are achieved with higher voltage or larger antenna dimensions.
Theory of Scalability of Nanonetworks
As the elements in nanonetworks inherently lie in the nanoscale, it is interesting to study
how networks scale when its size is reduced.
The dependences among performance metrics are analyzed:
Device Size
Transmission Distance
Channel Capacity
Future Work on Graphene-Based Nanonetworks
Our current projects include:
To design, simulate and develop experimental prototypes of novel graphene-based
nano-antennas.
To provide a channel model for THz-band communications at the nanoscale.
To develop a network architecture for Wireless Nanosensor Networks(WNSN) based on
the antennas here presented.
Third NaNoNetworking Summit
June 22-23, 2011 – Barcelona
J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Graphene-Based Nano-Antennas for Electromagnetic Nanonetworks in the
Terahertz Band,” in Proc. of 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, Barcelona, Spain, April
2010.
Graphene 2011, ImageNano, Bilbao, Spain, April 11-14, 2011.
Terahertz Propagation Model
The terahertz band is an unlicensed frequency range between 100 GHz and 10 THz.
The terahertz channel is mainly determined by molecular absorption, i.e. the conversion
of the wave energy into kinetic energy in several gas molecules. It determines path-loss
and molecular noise, which lead to the conclusion that the channel is highly frequency
selective.
Graphene-Based Nano-Antennas (II)
By accounting for the quantum interactions between every single atom in the graphene
structure, the transmission line properties of nano-antennas can be accurately modeled,namely, kinetic inductance (L), quantum capacitance (C) and contact resistance (R).
These depend on the antenna dimensions, Fermi energy and the structure of their edge.
www.n3cat.upc.edu
www.n3cat.upc.edu
WIRELESS NANOSENSOR NETWORKS
Consumer Goods Healthcare
I. F. Akyildiz and J. M. Jornet, “Electromagnetic Wireless Nanosensor Networks,” Nano Communication Networks
(Elsevier) Journal, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-19, March 2010.
I. F. Akyildiz and J. M. Jornet, “The Internet of Nano-Things,” IEEE Wireless Communications Magazine, Vol. 17, no.
6, pp. 58-63, December 2010.
GNR-based nano-patch (L=1 µm)
First Resonant Frequency Input Resistance
J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Capacity of Electromagnetic Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band,” in
Proc. of International Conference on Communications, ICC, Cape Town, South Africa, May 2010.
J. M. Jornet and I. F. Akyildiz, “Channel Modeling and Capacity Analysis of Electromagnetic Nanonetworks in the
Terahertz Band,” submitted for Journal Publication, April 2010, revised March 2011.
Frequency [THz]
Dis
tan
ce
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910umm
10mm
10m
50
100
150
200
250
Frequency [THz]
Dis
tan
ce
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010um
10mm
10m
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Path-Loss Molecular Noise
The radiation frequency (f) can be calculated
if the transmission line properties are known.
Ignacio Llatser, Albert Cabellos-Aparicio, Eduard Alarcón, Josep Miquel Jornet, Ian F. Akyildiz, “Scalability of the
Channel Capacity of Electromagnetic Nanonetworks in the Terahertz Band”, submitted to IEEE Transactions
on Wireless Communications.
WITHOUT
QUANTUM EFFECTS
WITH
QUANTUM EFFECTS