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Ed TiedemannApril 27, 2007

Wireless Communications:Perspectives on the State of the

Technology and Where it Is Going

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• Some business and economic perspectives

• Air interface evolutions

• Wireless computing

• MediaFLO

Wireless Communications:Perspectives on the State of the

Technology and Where it Is Going

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Today’s Wireless Landscape

Source: ZDNET Research

Nearly one third of the world population has a cell phone.

4

3G Economies Are Huge

381.8 435.7 479.7 513.4566.249.4

101.8

184.4

301.5

446.5

611.2

853.8

39.223.814.36.82.60.70.1

322.3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

WCDMA (includes HSDPA, HSUPA, etc.)CDMA2000 (includes 1x, Rev A, Rev B, etc.)Fixed & Mobile WiMAX

Total 3G Subscribers Worldwide (2005 Total 3G Subscribers Worldwide (2005 -- 2011)2011)

Subs

crib

ers

in M

illio

ns

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

3G Wi-Fi WiMAX

Worldwide Service and Worldwide Service and Equipment Revenue, 2009Equipment Revenue, 2009

Rev

enue

s, $

US,

Bill

ions

Equipment Revenue

Service Revenue

$394

$114$13.4 $10.4

$508

1. Strategy Analytics (2006)2. Average of Strategy Analytics and Yankee Group forecasts (2006)3. Forward Concepts (2005)4. Average of Strategy Analytics (2006), Gartner (2006) and Forward

Concepts (2005)

Sources:1. WCDMA & CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Blended forecast from iGR (Feb 06), Strategy Analytics (Jan 06),

Wireless Intelligence (July 06) and Yankee Group (June 06)2. WiMAX: Blended forecast from Strategy Analytics (June 06) and ABI (Q2 06), Maravedis (Sept 06)

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3G Device Scale Growing Rapidly

Global Handset Shipments by Technology (2004 Global Handset Shipments by Technology (2004 -- 2011)2011)

Source: Deutsche Bank, “At the starting line – The race to mobile broadband”, 2 February, 2007

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Data Is a Steadily Growing Share of Operator Revenues

Operator Voice and Data Revenues (2005 Operator Voice and Data Revenues (2005 -- 2010)2010)

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media, “Mobile Content and Services”, June, 2006

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Data ARPU Growing Gradually as Voice ARPU Declines

Global Voice and Data ARPU (2005 Global Voice and Data ARPU (2005 -- 2010)2010)

Source: Informa Telecoms & Media, “Mobile Content and Services”, June, 2006

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Data: Go After Things that Are Important

• Make cost/bit low– Low cost/bit permits low price which drives usage– Spectrum is expensive

• Provide coverage• Keep delay low• Provide minimum quality of service (move towards nearly

equal grade of service)• Handoff that works• Its more than about air interfaces• Have clear migration strategy• Have clean integration with existing deployments• Provide clear performance and end customer benefit• Make it easier to deploy• Provide always on (continuous computing)• Keep complexity under control

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OFDMACDMA/TDMCDMA OFDM

* Standard supports up to 20 MHz

• All-IP Services• Broadband Downloads

• Advanced QoS - VoIP, VT, PTT….

• Broadband Uploads• OFDM introduced for

multicast• Backward Compatible

• Multi-carrier Rev A ( Up to 5MHz carrier BW *)• Best in class performance in 5 MHz• Improved Peak, Avg & Cell Edge Data Rates • Improved user experience (lower delays,

consistent high data rates)• S/W Upgrade• Backward compatibility with legacy devices

• Highly optimized OFDMA solution• Support for flat network architecture• Deployments utilizing 5-20 MHz carrier BW• FDD and TDD modes• More capacity with wider carrier bandwidth, advanced MIMO and SDMA support

• Higher Avg & Peak Data Rates (wider carrierbandwidth, advanced MIMO)

• Multimode devices provide seamless migration** Ultra Mobile Broadband -Previously referred to as Rev C LBC

3GPP2 Broadband Evolution Path

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010+

UMB**

CDMA20001X

CDMA20001xEV-DO

EV-DORev. A

EV-DORev B*

9/26/06

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The Evolution of 1x and 1xEV-DO Peak Rates in 1.25 MHz

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Sprint Northeast 1xEV-DO Rev A Coverage

1x: Clear voice and data service

1xEV-DO: Broadband download speeds

1xEV-DO Rev A: Increased broadband download and upload speeds

Source: Sprint website

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3GPP2 UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband)• Spectrum flexibility

– Bandwidths from 1 to 20 MHz– Support for FDD, half duplex

FDD and (in future, TDD modes)

– Supports 450 MHz to 3.6GHz

• OFDMA DL; OFDMA UL

• Support for spatial techniques– Single user MIMO (DL/UL)– Multi user MIMO (DL/UL)– Up to 4x4 MIMO (DL)– SDMA / Beam forming

• Data scheduling efficiency– Support for time and

frequency domain scheduling– Ability to trade capacity for

edge of cell service quality through fractional frequency re-use

• High peak rates & low latency– Up to 291 Mbps peak DL rate– Up to 79 Mbps peak UL rate– Very low latency

• Efficient broadcast modes– SFN broadcast

• Evolved Packet Core – 2 Node architecture– Lower control delays– Simple QoS model– Enhanced support for mobility

and service continuity across various access technologies.

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3GPP Broadband Evolution Path

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 +1999

1 – 14.4 Mbps supported in standard, incremental product release expected

2 – Upper range for DL peak rates includes 64 QAM and 2x2 MIMO (Rel 7)

3 – 20 MHz, FDD, 64-QAM, 4x4 MIMO in DL and 16 QAM, 1 TX in UL.

4 – 2x2 MIMO

DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps peak1

UL: 384 kbps peak

– All-IP Services– Broadband

downloads

DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps peak1

UL: 5.72 Mbps peak

– Broadband uploads– Reduced end to end delay– Real-time services (VoIP,

packet VT, PTT)– Multicast (MBMS)

DL: 28 Mbps peak4

UL: 11 Mbps peak

– Enhanced capacity for real-time services (ie VoIP…)

– MIMO– Backward compatibility

– OFDMA in DL– SC-FDMA in UL– Flexible carrier bandwidths up

to 20MHz4

– Common FDD & TDD modes– Higher order MIMO/SDMA

LTE

DL: up to 278 Mbps peak3

UL: up to 57 Mbps peak3

HSPA +Rel-7 (Ph 1) Rel-8 (Ph 2)Rel-5 (HSDPA)

HSPA Rel-6 (HSUPA)Rel-99

WCDMADL: 384 kbps peakUL: 384 kbps peak

CDMA CDMA/TDM OFDMA

DL: TBDUL: TBD

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3GPP LTE/SAE Capabilities

• Spectrum flexibility– Bandwidths from 1 to 20 MHz– Support for FDD, half duplex

FDD and TDD modes

• OFDMA DL; SC-FDMA UL

• Support for spatial techniques– Single user MIMO (DL/UL)– Multi user MIMO (DL/UL)– Up to 4x4 MIMO (DL)– SDMA / Beam forming

• Data scheduling efficiency– Support for time and

frequency domain scheduling– Ability to trade capacity for

edge of cell service quality through fractional frequency re-use

• High peak rates & low latency– Up to 300 Mbps peak DL rate– Up to 75 Mbps peak UL rate– Down to 10 ms TCP RTT

• Evolved Packet Core (EPC)– 2 Node architecture– Lower control delays– Simple QoS model– Enhanced support for mobility

and service continuity across various access technologies.

• Efficient broadcast modes– SFN broadcast– Stand-alone broadcast

15Deployment scenario 1: 2GHz, 500m site-to-site, 20 dB penetration, TU, 3 km/hr, best effort

Average DL Sector Throughput for 3GPP D1 - DL Performance Characterization - Full Buffer Traffic

Average Sector Throughput

6.1

11.3

13.42

15.35 15.64 16.2

20.43

0

5

10

15

20

25

UTR

A b

asel

ine

(RxD

iv+R

AK

E)

UTR

A R

el7

(RxD

iv+1

6QA

M+E

ql)

UTR

A R

el7

(2x2

MIM

O)

E-U

TRA

1x2

SIM

O

E-U

TRA

2x2

SU

-M

IMO

E-U

TRA

2x2

MU

-M

IMO

E-U

TRA

1x4

SIM

O

Mbp

s(10

MH

z)

16Deployment scenario 1: 2GHz, 500m site-to-site, 20 dB penetration, TU, 3 km/hr, best effort

Average UL Sector Throughput for 3GPP D1 - UL Performance Characterization - Full Buffer Traffic

Average Sector Throughput

3.1

3.9

6.98

6.18

7.55

6.56

7.72

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

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UTRA baseline(RxDiv+RAKE) -

RoT=5.2dB(fairness 1)

UTRA baseline(RxDiv+RAKE) -

RoT=5.1dB(fairness 2)

UTRA Rel6(RxDiv+IC) -RoT=5.6dB

E-UTRA 1x2 SIMO- IoT=4.8dB

E-UTRA 1x2 SIMO- IoT=7.5dB

E-UTRA 1x2 MU-MIMO - IoT=5dB

E-UTRA 1x2 MU-MIMO - IoT=7.5dB

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Site Rental

Internet InterconnectRF Eng / Test Equip

Ancillary Equipment

Installation/Shipping

Backhaul

SparesUtilities

Sof tw are Upgrade Training

Operations

Project ManagementSite Acquisition

BTS

Other

CoreNet - Packet-Sw itched

CoreNet - Circuit-Sw itched

BSC

3G Mobile Network Expense – High Data Usage

Capital Expense

Operating Expense

Both OpEx and CapEx are driven by number of cell sites

• 600 MOU /Sub/Month• 1000 MByte /Sub/Month

Notes:

• Urban morphology (10K Pops/SqKm)

• Wireless penetration: 50%

• Operator market share: 25%

• Local call termination charges and long distance transport costs are not included in the network expense calculations

• Spectrum available: 2X10MHz @ 800MHz

Seven-Year Depreciated Capital (% of Total Network Expense) 26%Ancillary Equipment 1%Installation/Shipping 7%Site Acquisition 1%Project Management 0%RF Eng / Test Equip 1%BTS 8%BSC 6%CoreNet - Circuit-Switched 0%CoreNet - Packet-Switched 3%Other 0%Operating Expense (% of Total Network Expense) 74%Site Rental 8%Operations 5%Utilities 2%Spares 1%Training 1%Software Upgrade 1%Backhaul 35%Internet Interconnect 20%

Seven-Year Depreciated Capital (% of Total Network Expense) 26%Ancillary Equipment 1%Installation/Shipping 7%Site Acquisition 1%Project Management 0%RF Eng / Test Equip 1%BTS 8%BSC 6%CoreNet - Circuit-Switched 0%CoreNet - Packet-Switched 3%Other 0%Operating Expense (% of Total Network Expense) 74%Site Rental 8%Operations 5%Utilities 2%Spares 1%Training 1%Software Upgrade 1%Backhaul 35%Internet Interconnect 20%

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Wireless Computing

Its more than just 802.xx

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Many Embedded Mobile 3G Broadband Solutions

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5

4

Launched NB Models

Notebook Manufacturers

3G Embedded Carriers

March 2006

March 2007

45

16

17

21Launched NB Offerings

98*

*Sum of individual notebooks certified per carrier network

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Integrated 3G Wireless Module Forecasts

“We anticipate 16.4 million total units will ship in 2011. By that time, embedded modems as a percentage of shipments will have grown from 20% to 60%.” - Strategy Analytics, January 2007

Global PC Card Unit Sales forcast (M)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Global Integrated Modem Sales forecast (M)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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Coexistence Evaluation

• The integration and coexistence of WWAN radios with other “noisy”electronics brings about new set of EMI considerations

Conducted Verus Radiated Receiver SensitivityCellular Band-Channel 777 (893.31MHz)

-110-105-100-95-90-85-80-75-70-65-60

Laptop A Laptop B Laptop C Laptop D

Rec

eive

r Sen

sitiv

ity (d

Bm

)

Conducted

Radiated

PC card in laptop.

Entire laptop/card assembly tested as a single unit

Radiated tests are conducted with laptop streaming video to display

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Antenna Placement Study

• Evaluated performance of various antenna types at various laptop locations–Key antenna performance metrics evaluated for each location and type

• Prototypes built and integrated on a test laptop in the antenna range and in realistic network conditions

–Correlate measured antenna performance metrics to field performance parameters

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32

1

18

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151413

12

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78

910

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4

6

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1

18

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16

151413

12

11

78

910

5

4

Body Interaction EvaluationUnbalanced Antennas Balanced Antennas

WIFA @3 Loop @3

WIFA @8 Loop @9

Unbalanced Antennas Balanced Antennas

WIFA @3 Loop @3

WIFA @8 Loop @9

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Pattern Performance vs. Antenna Location

Antenna integrated in upper LCDAntenna embedded in lower Base

H-polV-pol

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Consumers Desire Mobile Video Services

Source: Primary research results conducted by Spear & Associates, sample of 2,800 cell phone and cable users and nationwide focus groups.

• Preference for mobile video service second only to voice• 1.5 to 1 preference for video service over camera-phone• 2.3 to 1 preference for video service over push-to-talk

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Worldwide mobile TV subscribers slated to expand

Forecasts Show Significant Growth for Mobile TV

Estimates from ABI, Informa, In-Stat, iSuppli, Datamonitor, NSR, Strategy Analytics, IMS Research, Mobile Youth, eMarketer, and Juniper. Compiled and combined by Robert Hale & Associates, 10/2006.

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• Subscription-based service • QVGA live streaming video, up to 30 frames

per second• Clipcasting™ – network scheduled media• Datacasting • Interactive services for two-way exchange

What MediaFLO Will Offer Customers

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Subscription-Based Mobile Media Service

• Service is based on a simple subscription model– User receives keys for the subscribed services

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•Network scheduled delivery of programmed media•Device memory management•Users subscribe to packages of program channels•MediaFLO program guide contains file description information anddistribution window

- Maximizes battery savings, minimizes file acquisition time, saves air link bandwidth•Single channel protocol – no additional overhead

Clipcasting™ – Network Scheduled Media

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Key MediaFLO Technical Characteristics

• 5, 6, 7, and 8 MHz channels• OFDM with FFT size = 4096 subcarriers

– The 4096 subcarriers span 5.42 MHz (6 MHz)– 96 guard subcarriers (48 on one side of the band, 47 on the other side, and DC)

in which no power is radiated.• In each OFDM symbol, 4000 modulation symbols (data or pilot) can be transmitted.

– The inter-subcarrier spacing is 1.355 kHz• QPSK or 16-QAM is used on each subcarrier• OFDM symbol duration is 740.7 microseconds;

cyclic prefix is 92.6 microseconds• Divide 4000 modulation symbols into 8 interlaces

– Symbols from each interlace are spread across the bandwidth– One interlace carries pilots (which changes from symbol to symbol)– Handset needs to only demodulate interlaces it needs

• Single Frequency Network• The basic unit of data transmission at the physical layer is

a 1000-bit physical layer packet (PLP) that includes a 16-bit CRC• Error correction coding

– There is an (N, K) outer Reed-Solomon code with N=16 and K=12,14, or 16 – Parallel concatenated turbo code with code rates of 1/3, ½, and 2/3 are used

For details: see TIA-1099

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FLO System Context

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US MediaFLO Network

• Delivered through the 700 MHz spectrum, UHF Channel 55

• Each site has approx. 50,000 watts EIRP – enabling coverage to a large metropolitan area with just a few (1-7) transmitters

• Verizon Wireless is currently providing commercial service

• Cingular has announced that they will be providing service

• The MEDIAFLO USA DEDICATED MULTICAST NETWORK• Deploys and operates the network for wireless carriers