wireless comm rev atc pres 10-03

The Wireless Communication Revolution

Prof. Theodore S. RappaportWilliam and Bettye Nowlin Chair of Engineering

Wireless Networking and Communications GroupThe University of Texas at Austin

[email protected]

♦Austin Technology Council

Austin, TX October 07, 2003

C. 2003 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

The Wireless Revolution

Growth of Cellular Telephone Subscribers Throughout the World

0.1

1

10

100

1000

1985 1990 1995 2000

Num

ber o

f Wor

ldw

ide

Subs

crib

ers

(Milli

ons)


Today’s Subscriber Base

Subscriber Base as a Function of Cellular Technology in Late 2001

0

100

200

300

400

FirstGeneration

Analog

GSM IS-136 &PDC

IS-95CDMAN

umbe

r of S

ubsc

riber

s U

sing

Tec

hnol

ogy

(Milli

ons)


From 2G to 3G

2.5G

2G

3G

GPRS

IS-95B

IS-95 GSM IS-136 & PDC

EDGEHSCSD

3GPP

W-CDMA

TD-SCDMAEDGE3GPP2

CDMA2000-3XRTT

CDMA2000-1XEV, DV, DO

CDMA2000-1XRTT


Recent U.S. Spectrum Allocations

Cellular, 50 MHz,1983

PCS, 150 MHz,1995

UNII, 300 MHz, 1997

LMDS, 1300 MHz, 1998

60 GHz Unlicensed, 5000 MHz, 1998

• A voice channel occupies ~ 10 kHz of spectrum.• A TV channel occupies ~ 5 MHz of spectrum.


Investor´s PerspectiveVodafone

14%

Hutchison12%

NTT DoCoMo

11%

Deutsche Telekom

9%

MobilCom9%Telefonica

7%

British Telecom

6%

Others32%

License price per pop. in $US (Oct. 01)

594,20

174,2

0158

,9086

,0060

,8042,6

035

,1030

,3020

,5016

,5015,7

011

,205,7

04,90 3,5

00,0

00,0

0

566,70

UKGerm

any

Italy

Holland

AustriaSouth Korea

Singapore

Belgium

Australia

Norway

Switzerla

ndNew

ZealandSpain

Sweden

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Japan

Oct 2001


Problems

• Broadband fiber offers enormous capacity to feed “last” mile

• Telco’s must compete with Cable triple play• Phone Service• Internet• On-Demand Video

• Carriers need an immediate infrastructure for broadband video delivery / cable-like world

• Wireless offers rapid deployment with extreme bandwidths and little plant


Solution

• Broadband wireless supported by:• Integrated Antennas• MIMO Technology• Novel and flexible architecture

• Carriers can deploy in neighborhoods with just one truck-roll per large neighborhood

• Delivers last-mile huge bandwidths that will be “pulled’ by new consumer electronics, UWB home networks


Why Hasn’t Last Mile Broadband Wireless Happened?

• Telco’s and Cableco’s invested in wiring• MMDS Wireless• Too narrowband• No clear spectrum policy or owner (however, Nextel

bought Worldcom footprint)• Nationwide broadband wireless last-mile emerging as

a strategy (Nextel, Sprint, ??)• LMDS Wireless• 28 / 38 GHz too expensive to date but technology is

maturing• 5.8 to 12 GHz is the next frequency revolution (WiFi,

Northpoint Wireless Cable)C. 2003 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

Today’s Local Loop


Weather Effects at Millimeter Wave

Attenuation due to hail: 25.7 dB.Hail size: 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter.

From: H. Xu, T. S. Rappaport, R. J. Boyle, and J. H. Schaffner, “Measurements and Models for 38-GHz Point-to-Multipoint RadiowavePropagation”, IEEE Journal on Sel. Areas in Communications, March 2000, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 310-321


Last-Mile Wireless Will Happen!• Reduce truck rolls – high data rate last-mile ports

sold in Walmart (or Dell) for home installation• Communications / Computing / Entertainment will

pull bandwidth into every home and office on “portable” flexible devices.

• “On-the-pole” provisioning supports neighborhood growth

• Already cable companies eyeing “Wireless Roadrunner”, Hot spots are harbingers

• Why do I need to put my TV and stereo near a cable jack?

• Why does the cable guy have to come into my house?


Current Status / Future Directions

Excellent>10 MbpsExpensive – Dig up street

Fiber to the Home

Good / Excellent1.2 – 5 Mbps$80 / monthCable

Fair1 Mbps$50 / monthDSL

Excellent>10 MbpsInexpensive –Climb a pole

MIMO Last Mile

Poor10 – 64 kbps$50 / monthCellular / PCS

Poor56 kbps$40 / monthPOTSStreaming Video

Date Rate per User

Cost per Subscriber


The Market and How UT Can Play

• Broadband Trends• December 1999: 2.8M US Broadband subs• June 2002: 16.2M US Broadband subs• 80% annual growth rate yet only 15% of homes have broadband

today• “Broadband in the States 2003” c.2003 AeA

• Intellectual property• WNCG faculty have promising technology solutions• Integrated antennas and MIMO are working in lab• Industrial Affiliate Sponsors get first look at all technology

• Next steps• Strategic partnerships for commercialization of patents are

sought by UT / WNCG facultyC. 2003 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

Wireless Modem Fundamentals


Moore’s Law

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Transistor Count

Transistors = 7.4M

Transistors = 75M

Intel Pentium II - 199532bit up

Xilinx/UMC Group - 1999Virtex - 1000

100M

10M

1M

100K

10K

1K

100

10

0

RCA - 1962First MOSFET

Transistor = 1

Intel - 1972First 8bit up

8080

Transistors = 4,500

Transistors = 450,000

HP-198132bit up


Why FPGA DSP?

• Flexibility• High performance• Time to Market • Functional extensions to existing

equipment• Standard part (no NRE/Inventory

issues)• Early system: bring-up on hardware• Specialized Processors are evolving


The Future of DSP Hardware

• Trends• Increasing levels of System integration• Pervasive DSP enabling anywhere anytime connectivity• Increasingly complex systems• Decreasing market windows

• FPGA DSP systems• Device technology supporting highly parallel DSP engines• Design methodologies

• Abstraction that permits working in the language of the problem

• Enables effective integration of re-usable components (cores)


IEEE 802.11a/b/g WLAN’s

•11 Mbps incumbent

•54 Mbps now

•Roaming 802.11g


IEEE 802.11 Evolution

FHSS

IEEE 802.11

2.4 GHz

DSSS

2 Mbps4GFSK

1 Mbps2GFSK

2 MbpsDQPSK

1 MbpsDBPSK

IEEE 802.11bExtension

11 MbpsDQPSK-CCKQPSK-PBCC

5.5 MbpsDQPSK-CCKBPSK-PBCC

IEEE 802.11aExtension

5 GHz

OFDM

IEEE 802.11gExtension

2.4 GHz

12 MbpsQPSK

24 Mbps16-QAM

36 Mbps16-QAM

48 Mbps16-QAM

54 Mbps64-QAM

6 MbpsBPSK

IEEE WLAN Standards

From: B. Li, N. Kanat, H. Lee, D. Menchaca, and T. S. Rappaport, “Overview of Wireless Networks and Security Issues for WiFi Networks”, Radio Club of America, Submitted for publication in August 2003


2.4 GHz Channelization for WLAN’s

2 through 801 through 132.4 to 2.4835 GHzETSIRemainder of Europe

47 through 7310 and 112.445 to 2.475 GHzSpain

48 through 8210 through 132.4465 to 2.4835 GHzFrance

2 through 951 through 142.4 to 2.497 GHzMKKJapan

2 through 801 through 112.4 to 2.4835 GHzICCanada

2 through 801 through 112.4 to 2.4835 GHzFCCUnited States

FHSS Channels Available

DSSS Channels Available

Frequency Range Available

Regulatory Agency

Country


Personal Area Networks – Bluetooth / UWB

LAN Access point

Headset

Mobile phone

Mouse

Printer

Laptop

Laptop


UWB – Broadband in the Home

From: K. Mandke, H. Nam, L. Yerramneni, C. Zuniga, and T. S. Rappaport, “The Evolution of Ultra Wide Band Radio for Wireless Personal Area Networks”, High Frequency Electronics, September 2003, pp. 22-32


UWB Regulations - FCC



Personal Area Networks IEEE 802.15



IEEE 802.15.3 UWB



UWB will Revolutionize Consumer Electronics



One UWB Standard Proposal



Another UWB Standard Proposal



How the 2 UWB Standards Operate

GHzGHz



Internet Protocol Zooapplicationuserspace

H.261 MIME HTML

manager

ASN.1

modem300 bps-28 Kbps

PPP, SLIP

ISDN64-

128 Kbps

PPP

X.259.6 Kbps-

2Mbps

RFC 1356 Token Ring Ethernet10 -

100Mbps

FDDI100 Mbps

ATM25 Mbps-Gbps

SNAPAAL 4,5

HIPPI800Mbps-1.6Gbps

IPv4, IPv6

kernel

driver

board

transport

subnetdatalink

IPv4, IPv6network

videotool

MUA/MTA

newsreader browser

RTP DNS SNMP SMTP NNTP ftp http library

UDP TCP


How to Place and Measure Access Points?


Making Wireless Work


The Last 100 Meters of Wireless Access

Houses

Moderately Wooded Yards

Trees

Base StationStreet

Trees

Trees

Trees

Trees

Tree

s


Path loss into a home from the street

40.2 45.0

31.3

51.4

33.4

52.6

32.4

51.3

33.7

54.4

31.8

53.6

32.0

29.6 33.0 48.5

31.3

50.7

25.9

51.0

27.3

57.9

32.1

56.5

32.0

Outdoor 1.5m Rx Ant. Path Loss (Shoulder high)

Indoor Path LossOutdoor 5.5m Rx Ant. Path Loss (Top of house)

Key

all values in dB w.r.t.1m FSTx

41.639.6

40.1

42.5 51.251.9

57.7

45.843.7

46.744.4 40.6

46.651.7

51.2Kitchen

Deck

First Floor

Second Floor

Garage

Tree

Tree

FrontBedroom

Rear Bed. 1

MasterBedroom

Rear Bed. 2Family Room

LivingRoom

DiningRoom

Office

5.8 GHzC. 2003 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

Knowledge leads to deployment tools


SitePlanner® Environment with Channel Measurements and Throughput Prediction


Shopping mallstore walls

Leaky FeederAntenna System

Required < 2 minutes on a Pentium II 300 MHz PC

Data Appliances and Applications

Cellular, PCS, WAPWireless Office ServiceWireless LAN (IEEE 802.11)Wireless PDAs (Compaq IPAQ, Handspring)Wireless VoIPWireless VideoBluetooth


Observations – where we are today

• 3G Wireless will compete with WLAN• Tetherless networks are coming to homes and

offices• Fixed wireless access may replace fiber• The web is here to stay• Cellular started “outside in”• WLAN is moving “inside out”• Fixed wireless access is the ultimate last mile

solution• The web, computing, and wireless will merge!!!


Space – The Final Frontier


Diversity gives Capacity – MIMO!


HUGE Capacity Increases are coming!


Final Remarks• The Web, the PC, and Wireless will merge

• Today 1 Billion, but 2 Billion users by 2008

• We only use high data rates when we sit or stand, hence a commercial battle will occur inside buildings

• Space-Time Channels will yield huge capacity increases

• DSP, Networking, and Communications are fundamental to future systems

• We are working on these issues at WNCG at UT (www.wncg.org)

• WNCG Symposium - Oct 22-24 – Register Today!C. 2003 T. S. Rappaport, All Rights Reserved

http://www.wncg.org/

wireless comm rev atc pres 10-03

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