Seminar Wireless Transmission of Electricity

Presented by-

Abhay kushwaha

EE-31 6th Sem.

Outline :Outline :

IntroductionIntroduction.. Brief History.Brief History. Method of Transmission.Method of Transmission. Inductive Coupling.Inductive Coupling. Resonant Inductive Coupling.Resonant Inductive Coupling. Application of Short Range & mid range.Application of Short Range & mid range. Microwave Power Transmission And Reception Technique.Microwave Power Transmission And Reception Technique. Major Component of model.Major Component of model. Rectenna.Rectenna. Advantage of Using Microwaves For Wireless Electricity Advantage of Using Microwaves For Wireless Electricity

Transmission.Transmission. Laser method .Laser method . Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission.Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission. Disadvantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission. Disadvantages Of Wireless Electricity Transmission. Conclusions.Conclusions.

IntroductionIntroduction

Wireless Electrical Transmission as the name Wireless Electrical Transmission as the name shows is the Transmission of Electrical Energy shows is the Transmission of Electrical Energy without wires to any place on Earth. Even to the without wires to any place on Earth. Even to the most remote areas.most remote areas.

Wireless Electricity Transmission is the process Wireless Electricity Transmission is the process that takes place in any system where electrical that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires.electrical load without interconnecting wires.

History :History :

Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) The Father of Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) The Father of Wireless ElectricityWireless Electricity..

Innovations:-Alternating current-Wireless power transmission experiments at Wardenclyffe.

Wardenclyffe

- 1899- Able to light lamps over 25 miles away without using wires.- High frequency current, of a Tesla coil, could light lamps filled with gas (like neon).

1940’s to Present

World War II developed ability to convert energy to microwaves using a magnetron, no method for converting microwaves back to electricity.

1964 William C. Brown demonstrated a rectenna which could convert microwave power to electricity.

Methods:The basic Methods we use in the wireless power transmission are

Short range– Inductive couplingMid range– Resonance Inductive couplingLong range-Microwave Transmission

Inductive coupling Uses electromagnetic induction

concept-A term for the interdependence of time-varying electric and magnetic fields.

Wireless electricity makes use of the concept-

“Oscillating electric field produces magnetic field and oscillating magnetic field produces electric field”.

Resonant Inductive Coupling

Uses almost the same concept as Inductive coupling just that the coils operate at resonant frequency leading to efficient transfer of energy over a larger distance.

Applications of short range and mid range 1.DIRECT WIRELESS POWER No device would need wires For TVs, toasters or any form of immobile

electronic devices. 2. AUTOMATIC WIRELESS CHARGING Device with rechargeable batteries charges

itself. For any form of mobile devices . 3.INDUSTRIAL would be free of heavy installation of wires

and devoid of any hazardous electric shock incidents.

4.TRANSPORTATION Could charge an electric car or automobile.

Types of Long range/Far field transmission techniquesRadio frequency Transmission Extracts small quantities of

energy in the range 902 and 928 MHz

Disadvantage—interference caused by metal surfaces

Laser Transmission Highly directional and coherent Inefficient for wireless power transmission

Microwave Power Transmission And Microwave Power Transmission And Reception TechniqueReception Technique

Microwave power transmissionMicrowave power transmission ( (MPTMPT) is the use of microwaves to ) is the use of microwaves to transmit power through outer space or the atmosphere without the transmit power through outer space or the atmosphere without the need for wires. need for wires.

Aims at higher power transfer over longer distances practically in the range of some miles

Requires a microwave source, antenna and rectenna.

operates in the frequency range of 1-40GHz operates at the highest efficiency at 2.45GHz

Steps: 1.conversion of electrical to microwave energy 2.Capturing of microwave beams by Rectenna 3.conversion of microwave to electrical energy..

Major components of the model Microwave generator: Microwave power sources used like Klystron,

magnetron, TWT or GaAs MESFETs Output power is controlled by electronic circuits. Magnetron is most preferred at 2.45 GHz Transmitting antenna: Has the responsibility of transmitting power. Patch, Microstrip, parabolic dish or slotted waveguide

antenna may be used. Rectenna: Consists of a antenna ,rectifying diodes and low pass

filter. Rectenna area has to be large. Important for receiving microwave power

Block diagram for microwave power transmission model

Wireless Electricity Transmission And Wireless Electricity Transmission And Reception Using MicrowavesReception Using Microwaves

Rectenna

“An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and converting it into electric power.”

Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency.

Around 5km across (3.1 miles). 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna.

Image of a Rectenna in US with diameter of about half a mile which is important as 95% of the microwave power is received by rectennas.US receives about 5000MW of power as a result

Advantages of Using Microwaves for Advantages of Using Microwaves for Wireless Electricity Wireless Electricity Transmission : Transmission : High Efficiency Up to 85% .High Efficiency Up to 85% . Power Level is Well Below International safety Power Level is Well Below International safety

standard.standard. Beam is far below the lethal levels of Beam is far below the lethal levels of

concentrations even for a prolonged exposure.concentrations even for a prolonged exposure. Frequency is up to 2.45 GHz of the Micro Beam.Frequency is up to 2.45 GHz of the Micro Beam. No Air Or water pollution is created.No Air Or water pollution is created. Power can be beamed to the location where it is Power can be beamed to the location where it is

needed.needed. We don’t have to invest in a large Electrical Grid. We don’t have to invest in a large Electrical Grid.

Laser Method:

In the case of electromagnetic radiation closer to visible region of spectrum, power can be transmitted by converting electricity into a laser beam that is then pointed at a solar cell receiver.

This mechanism is generally known as "powerbeaming" because the power is beamed at a receiver that can convert it to usable electrical energy.

Highly directional and coherent. Inefficient for wireless power transmission only 40-50%

effcient.

Advantages Of Wireless Electricity Advantages Of Wireless Electricity TransmissionTransmission : :

Power Loss is very less as compared to Wired Power Loss is very less as compared to Wired Electricity Transmission.Electricity Transmission.

There is no need of Transmission Lines.There is no need of Transmission Lines. Health and Environmental Experiments claim Health and Environmental Experiments claim

that Wireless Electricity Transmission using that Wireless Electricity Transmission using Microwaves and laser is safe.Microwaves and laser is safe.

For short and mid range transfer system has to be set at the right frequency or there would be no power transfer.

Disadvantages of wireless Electricity Disadvantages of wireless Electricity Transmission :Transmission :

 The Size of Rectenna will be Massive.The Size of Rectenna will be Massive. Initially, the procedure will be very

expensive.  All the present appliances can’t be

attached with a transmitter and receiver. Maintenance will be Complicated.

Conclusion: More Reliable Than Ground Based Power More Reliable Than Ground Based Power

Generation.Generation.

More Reliable Than Wired Electricity More Reliable Than Wired Electricity Transmission.Transmission.

In Order To Have Wireless Electricity In Order To Have Wireless Electricity Transmission To Become a Reality, Following Transmission To Become a Reality, Following Things Have To Happen:Things Have To Happen:

# Government support.# Government support. # Cheaper Launch Prices.# Cheaper Launch Prices. # Involvement Of The Private Sector.# Involvement Of The Private Sector.

Thank you