wipro technicalquestions[1]

8/14/2019 Wipro Technicalquestions[1]

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1. Types of Rams?

Ans.

2. What are the slots in motherboard?(ON mother board 10que)

Ans.Accelerated Graphics Port: The Accelerated Graphics Port (also calledAdvanced Graphics Port, often shortened to AGP) is a high-speed point-to-point

channel for attaching a graphics card to a computer's motherboard, primarily to

assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.

Advanced Communications Riser:A Advanced Communications Riser, or ACR, is aform factor and technical specification for PC motherboard expansion slots. It is

meant as a supplement to PCI slots, a replacement for Audio/modem riser (AMR)slots, and a competitor and alternative to Communications and Networking Riser

(CNR) slots.

Apple Communication slot:The Apple Communication Slot is an internal

expansion data interface (slot) found in older Apple computers from the early to mid1990's. It is used to add communication expansion cards like network adapter or

modem to Macs and Power.A major complaint about this design was when a

modem is installed; it disabled the modem serial port on the back of the


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Performa/Mac/PowerMac. 6200 series computers that came with this card installedhad the modem port blanked out (though the connector was still present).

Audio/modem riser:

The audio/modem riser, also known as an AMRslot, is an expansion slot found on the motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium

4, and Althorn personal computers. It was designed by Intel to interface withchipsets and provide analog functionality, such as sound cards and modems, on an

expansion card.


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Communications and Networking Riser:

Communications and Networking Riser, or CNR,is a slot found on certain PC motherboards and used for specialized networking,

audio, and telephony equipment. A motherboard manufacturer can choose to provideaudio, networking, or modem functionality in any combination on a CNR card. CNR

slots were once commonly found on Pentium 4-class motherboards, but have since

been phased out in favor of on-board or embedded components.


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Extended Industry Standard Architecture:

The Extended IndustryStandard Architecture (in practice almost always shortened to EISA and

frequently pronounced "eee-suh") is a bus standard for IBM compatible computers.

Industry Standard Architecture:

In

dustry Standard Architecture (in practice

almost always shortened to ISA) was acomputer bus standard for IBM compatiblecomputers.


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Mini PCI:

Mini PCI is a standard for a computer bus for attaching peripheraldevices to a computer motherboard and is an adaptation of the Peripheral

Component Interconnect (PCI) bus. It was designed for laptops and other small-footprint computer systems.

There are three card form factors: Type I, Type II, andType III cards. The card connector used for each type include: Type I and II use a

100-pin stacking connector, while Type III uses a 124-pin edge connector, i.e. theconnector for Types I and II differs from that for Type III, where the connector is on

the edge of a card, like with a SO-DIMM. The additional 24 pins provide the extra

signals required to route I/O back through the system connector (audio, AC-Link,LAN, phone-line interface). Type II cards have RJ11 and RJ45 mounted connectors.

These cards must be located at the edge of the computer or docking station so that

the RJ11 and RJ45 ports can be mounted for external access.


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Mobile Daughter Card:

The Mobile Daughter Card, also known as an MDC orCDC (Communications Daughter Card), is a Notebook version of the AMR slot on the

motherboard of a notebook computer. It is designed to interface with specialEthernet (EDC), modem (MDC) or Bluetooth (BDC) cards.

NuBus:

NuBus is a 32-bit parallel computer bus, originally developed at MIT as apart of the NuMachine workstation project. The first complete implementation of

the NuBus and the NuMachine was done by Western Digital for their NuMachine, andfor the Lisp Machines Inc. LMI-Lambda. The NuBus was later incorporated in

products by Texas Instruments, Apple Computer and NeXT. It is no longer widely

used outside of the embedded market.

PCI Express:

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, officiallyabbreviated as PCI-E or PCIe, is a computer expansion card interface format

introduced by Intel in 2004. PCI Express was designed to replace the general-

purpose PCI expansion bus, the high-end PCI-X bus and the AGP graphics cardinterface. Unlike previous PC expansion interfaces, rather than being a bus it is

structured around point-to-point serial links called lanes.


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PCI Mezzanine Card:

A PCI Mezzanine Card or PMC is a printed circuit boardmanufactured to the IEEE P1386.1 standard. This standard combines the electrical

characteristics of the PCI bus with the mechanical dimensions of the CommonMezzanine Card or CMC format (IEEE 1386 standard).

A PMC card can have 2 bus connectors ("P1" and "P2"), supporting 32 bit PCIsignals; 3 bus connectors ("P1", "P2" and "P3") supporting 64 bit PCI signals, and or

a 4th bus connector ("P4") supporting non-specified I/O signals. In addition,arbitrary connectors can be supplied on the front panel, or "bezel".

The PMC standard defines which connector pins are used for which PCI signals; inaddition it defines 64 of the (optional "P4") connector pins for use of arbitrary I/O

signals.

PCI-X:

PCI-X (Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended) is a computer bus

and expansion card standard designed to supersede PCI. It is a double-wide version

of PCI, running at up to four times the clock speed, but is otherwise similar inelectrical implementation and uses the same protocol. It has itself been replaced in

modern designs by the similar-sounding PCI Express, which features a very different

logical design, most notably being a "narrow but fast" serial connection instead of a"wide but slow" parallel connection.


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Peripheral Component Interconnect:

The Peripheral

Component Interconnect, or PCI Standard (commonly PCI), specifies acomputer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These

devices can take any one of the following forms:

An integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called aplanar device

in the PCI specification.


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An expansion card that fits into a socket.

Processor Direct Slot:

Processor Direct Slot orPDS, was a solution (actually, awhole number of different solutions) introduced by Apple Computer, in several of theirMacintosh models, to providing a limited measure of hardware expandibility, without

going to the expense (in both desktop space and selling price) of providing full-fledged

bus expansion slots.


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VESA Local Bus:

This used to be considered a very fast interface made up mainlyfor video cards of the time that demanded a little more bandwidth. The VESA-Local

Bus, or VL-Bus, is connected straight to the CPUs own internal bus, hence the namelocal. This bus can transfer data at 132MB/sec. VESA buses were basically an ISA

slot with an extra slot on the end. The whole thing is about 4 inches longer than anISA slot. Again, you dont see these much anymore. This was pre-AGP, for sure.

2. Types of RAM? What is the difference between them?

Ans: The type of RAM doesn't matter nearly as much as how much of it you've got,but using plain old SDRAM memory today will slow you down. There are three maintypes of RAM: SDRAM, DDR and Rambus DRAM.

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)Almost all systems used to ship with 3.3 volt, 168-pin SDRAM DIMMs. SDRAM is not

an extension of older EDO DRAM but a new type of DRAM altogether. SDRAM startedout running at 66 MHz, while older fast page mode DRAM and EDO max out at 50

MHz. SDRAM is able to scale to 133 MHz (PC133) officially, and unofficially up to180MHz or higher. As processors get faster, new generations of memory such as

DDR and RDRAM are required to get proper performance.

DDR (Double Data Rate SDRAM)

DDR basically doubles the rate of data transfer of standard SDRAM by transferringdata on the up and down tick of a clock cycle. DDR memory operating at 333MHz

actually operates at 166MHz * 2 (aka PC333 / PC2700) or 133MHz*2 (PC266 /PC2100). DDR is a 2.5 volt technology that uses 184 pins in its DIMMs. It is

incompatible with SDRAM physically, but uses a similar parallel bus, making it easierto implement than RDRAM, which is a different technology.

Rambus DRAM (RDRAM)

Despite it's higher price, Intel has given RDRAM it's blessing for the consumermarket, and it will be the sole choice of memory for Intel's Pentium 4. RDRAM is a

serial memory technology that arrived in three flavors, PC600, PC700, and PC800.

PC800 RDRAM has doubled the maximum throughput of old PC100 SDRAM, but ahigher latency. RDRAM designs with multiple channels, such as those in Pentium 4

motherboards, are currently at the top of the heap in memory throughput, especiallywhen paired with PC1066 RDRAM memory.

DIMMs vs. RIMMs

DRAM comes in two major form factors: DIMMs and RIMMSDIMMs are 64-bitcomponents, but if used in a motherboard with a dual-channel configuration (likewith an Nvidia nForce chipset) you must pair them to get maximum performance. So

far there aren't many DDR chipset that use dual-channels. Typically, if you want toadd 512 MB of DIMM memory to your machine, you just pop in a 512 MB DIMM if

you've got an available slot. DIMMs for SDRAM and DDR are different, and notphysically compatible. SDRAM DIMMs have 168-pins and run at 3.3 volts, while DDR

DIMMs have 184-pins and run at 2.5 volts.


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RIMMs use only a 16-bit interface but run at higher speeds than DDR. To getmaximum performance, Intel RDRAM chipsets require the use of RIMMs in pairs over

a dual-channel 32-bit interface. You have to plan more when upgrading andpurchasing RDRAM.

From the top: SIMM, DIMM and SODIMM memory modules

3. What is DHCP?

Ans: HDCP stands for High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection, a copy protection

scheme to eliminate the possibility of intercepting digital data midstream betweenthe sources to the display. The format designed by Intel and licensed by DigitalContent Protection, LLC using an authentication and key exchange procedure before

video and audio is presented. Products compatible with the HDCP scheme such as

DVD players satellite and cable HDTV set-top-boxes, as well as few entertainmentPCs requires a secure connection to a compliant display, the process often described

as the handshake. Due to the increase in manufacturers employing HDCP in theirequipment, it is highly recommended that any HDTV you purchase is compatible.

Although most video devices support high-definition video over component output,analog connections are scheduled to phase out in the future or possibly forced to

limited resolutions output.

Why is it important to me?

Although manufacturers are still making most products with at least component HD

output, new generation of products like HD-DVD and Blu-Ray devices will limit theanalog output resolution (Analog defined as Component or RGBHV). The highest

resolutions these devices can output (720p/1080i/1080p) will be available on via thedigital (DVI or HDMI) connections that employ HDCP encryption. Any new HDTV

purchase should have a digital HDCP compatible input.


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It is important to note that HDCP is currently not a standard used in PC monitors,and almost none of these displays have Component inputs. Although PC monitors

are HDTV capable, HDCP encryption limits this type of use. If you use an HTPC andwant to ensure dual use of your new flat panel display, look for HDCP compatibility.

How does it work?

A simple answer is that an HDCP session will result in the exchange of keys betweenthe source and display device. The source device will query the display to make surethat the equipment is HDCP compliant before video is shown. Non-HDCP devices

such as PC's and older model DVI products will work with any DVI compliant display,but the HDCP compliant boxes will show an image only on HDCP compliant display.

Other products affected by HDCP are scalers, switchers, and splitters (distributionamps). While these devices do no authentication for key exchange, they must be

able to transmit the presence of HDCP if the video is handled (processed) in anyway. Due to the two different formats of digital connections, occasional inability for

proper communications may result in loss of interoperability. The newer format,HDMI was designed to be backwards compatible with DVI and in most instances, the

two signal types are easily adaptable, but older devices may not always work wellwith in-line devices like scalers or switchers. These problems can sometimes be

fixed in "firmware' although that is not always the case. Incompatibility is oftendisplays on-screen as a snowy image or an error message.


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4. What is IP address?

Ans: An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical identification (logical address)that is assigned to devices participating in a computer network utilizing the Internet

Protocol for communication between its nodes. Although IP addresses are stored asbinary numbers, they are usually displayed in human-readable notations, such as

192.168.100.1 (for IPv4), and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6). The role ofthe IP address has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek.

An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there

5. What is BIOS?

Ans: The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a small memory chip located on the

motherboard containing data that defines the system parameters. The data may,however, contain errors (bugs). Furthermore, when new hardware becomes

available, BIOS manufacturers may decide to upgrade their BIOS.However, this is not as simple as it seems, as you may already know the BIOS is

memory that persists when the PC is turned off (it would actually be very unpleasant

to have to configure the BIOS each time you boot your computer...). As a result,BIOS have evolved over to the past few years so that they can be updated.

6. Your system configurations?

Ans: Its mean that what configuration dues ur system has like hard disk size, RAM,what are the feathers do ur system has like processors type,etc

7. Types of hard disks?

Ans: A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or

fixeddiskdrive, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded dataon rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Strictly speaking, "drive" refersto a device distinct from its medium, such as a tape drive and its tape, or a floppy

disk drive and its floppy disk. Early HDDs had removable media; however, an HDDtoday is typically a sealed unit (except for a filtered vent hole to equalize air

pressure) with fixed media.

8. Difference between SATA ? & pins in PATA?

Ans: SATA or Serial ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment) is the next generationdrive interface, following the traditional Parallel ATA (PATA).

Anyone who has peered into a computer is familiar with the flat, 40-wire parallelcables that connect the hard drive, CDROM and other devices to their controllers.PATA has been the standard and has served well, but it has also had drawbacks.

Cables limited to 18 inches (46 cm) in length often made connections difficult andalso clogged cases blocking airflow, while cooling has become crucial. Though

rounded cables became available, the most advanced PATA drives (Ultra ATA/133)hit the maximum parallel transfer rate of 133 MB/ps. With the speed of CPUs, RAM

and system buses improving, designers saw PATA would soon be bottleneckingadvanced drive efficiency in system architecture.


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9.what is PATA?

Definition:Parallel ATA (PATA) is an IDE standard for connecting storage devices like hard drivesand optical drives to the motherboard. PATA generally refers to the types of cables and

connections that follow this standard.

It's important to note that the termParallel ATA used to simply be calledATA. ATA was

retroactively renamed to Parallel ATA when the newer Serial ATA (SATA) standardcame into being.

PATA cables are long, flat cables with 40-pin connectors (in a 20x2 matrix) on either

side of the cable. One end plugs into a port on the motherboard, usually labeledIDE, and

the other into the back of a storage device like a hard drive. Some PATA cables have anadditional connector midway through the cable for connecting yet another storage device.

PATA cables come in 40-wire or 80-wire designs. Most modern storage devices requirethe use of the more capable 80-wire PATA cable to meet certain speed requirements.

Both types of PATA cables have 40-pins and look nearly identical so telling them apartcan be difficult. Usually though, the connectors on an 80-wire PATA cable will be black,

gray and blue while the connectors on a 40-wire cable will only be black.

10.What is SAFE?

Ohio Department of Education (ODE) launched the Security Application For Enterprise

(SAFE) Web portal in May, 2003. SAFE is a Web Portal and a "single sign on" softwaresecurity solution for ODE customers.

Why was SAFE deployed?

SAFE provides more security to Web applications on ODEs Web site

(www.ode.state.oh.us). All new Web applications that require security and have beenreleased since May 2003 can be accessed through the SAFE portal.

The portal provides ODE customers with an added measure of convenience. Eventually,

an individual will need only one secure account for most ODE Web applications he orshe is authorized to use. ODE customers expressed frustration with the large number of

passwords and custom security systems rolled out with each new Web application. SAFE

addresses those concerns and provides customers with one "portable" password andusername for a variety of ODE Web applications. SAFE also provides a centralized and

consistent security approach and electronic signature authority for electronic transactions.


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SAFE is sometimes referred to as the Web Portal, so SAFE account and secure

ODE Web Portal account are synonymous.

10. What is USB?

Ans: Short forUniversalSerialBus, an external bus standard that supports data transfer

rates of 12 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices,

such as mice, modems, and keyboards. USB also supportsPlug-and-Play installation andhot plugging.

Starting in 1996, a few computer manufacturers started including USB support in their

new machines. It wasn't until the release of the best-selling iMac in 1998 that USB

became widespread. It is expected to completely replace serial and parallel ports.

Types of USB?

Types of USB connectors (from left to right: micro USB, mini USB, B-type, A-type

mother, A-type), One ruble coin in front for cooperation

How many pins are there in USB?

Anyone knows if the the HTC Wizard needs the 4-pin or the 5-pin USB Mini-B cable forsyncing & charging from a PC.

I'm using my SONY camera's USB cable, and it has 5 pins visible inside. Dunno if it's

using all 5, but there you go


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