Winter Intensive 2013Class 3

Soka UniversityWorld Language Center

Sou Koike

Table of ContentsI. Writing an effective conclusion

– Restatement of position/ reason statements– What you should not do in your conclusion– Example statement & explanation

II. Paraphrasing– Basic information– How-to– Drill– Peer feedback– Whole-class review: Feedback on volunteers’ works

III. Graded In-Class Assignment (GICA) #02– Conclusion/ Paraphrasing

WRITING ANEFFECTIVE CONCLUSION

Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3

Restatement ofposition/ reason statement

Summarizing any argument in the work

A final statement about the correctness

Restating the position and reason

2-3 sentences

Sample

Do you agree with the following statement? Parents should select their children’s friends carefully to make sure those friends reflect proper values. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

In conclusion, there are many reasons why parents should not pick friends for their children. Children who are allowed to pick their own friends will be more independent and will get along better with friends they’ve selected.

One reason I believe that parents should let

children pick their friends is that children need to develop independence.

Another reason I think parents should let

children pick their friends is that children may resent a parent who picks their friends.

In addition to the feelings of resentment a child may have, a final reason parents should not pick their friends is

that the children may not get along very well.

What you should not doin your conclusion

Don’t　introduce new

examples or ideas.

Don’t leave out the thesis.

Drill 1

Summarizing any argument in the work1. It is the teacher’s responsibility to make a

student learn the material.

2. Material on the Internet should be censored or controlled to protect the public.

3. Colleges and universities should offer more distance learning courses to accommodate the needs of students.

4. When choosing a career, financial gain should be the most important consideration.

5. Schools should have mandatory testing each year to prove they are meeting minimum educational standards.

2-3 sentences

Restating the position and reason

A final statement about the correctness

PARAPHRASING

Winter Intensive 2013 Class 3

Definition

The act of expressing the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something

written or spoken) using different words, esp. to achieve greater clarity

Basic information

Understand as a whole

Think of what “your own words” would be

Be selective

Remember the length can be the same or

longer

How-to

Look away from the source

Take notes

Samples (1)

Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women.Paraphrase: Mary lived through an era of liberating reform for women.

Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75 pounds of food a day.Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay everyday.

Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample their exquisite wines.Paraphrase: Be sure to include a Tuscan wine-tasting experience when visiting Italy.

Samples (2)Original Passage:It is well known that exercise helps to alleviate stress. The National Heart, Lung and Blood Association (NHLBA) endorse exercise as a way to reduce stress, and recommends cardiovascular exercise that elevates the heart rate for 15 to 30 minutes--three to four times a week. The American Psychology Association has conducted numerous studies indicating the beneficial effects of exercise in dealing with stress. Exercise releases endorphins into the blood stream. Endorphins are "feel good" hormones and are the body's natural pain-killers. They also generate the sensory perception of physical well-being, which in turn contributes to emotional and mental health.

Paraphrased Passage #1:Everyone knows that exercise can help to alleviate stress. In fact, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Association endorse exercise as a good way to cut down on stress and suggests that we need cardiovascular exercise for 15 to 30 minutes three to four times a week. There have also been many studies by the American Psychology Association that show that exercise is a good way to deal with stress. This is because exercise releases endorphins, the "feel good" hormones, into the blood. These hormones also bring about the perception of well-being, so emotional and mental health improves.

Paraphrased Passage #2:We all know that exercise is necessary to help us to lose weight and to fight off potentially deadly diseases. But there are two other extremely good reasons to get off the couch and get moving: exercise will make us feel good and can help us fight stress. This is because when we exercise, our bodies release "feel good" hormones called endorphins into our blood stream. As a result, we feel better both physically and emotionally. And, according to the National heart, Lung and Blood Association, all we have to do to get this natural high is elevate our heart rates for 15 to 30 minutes, three to four times a week. Seems like a good trade to me.

Drill 2

1. Kevin is tossing the boll to his son.2. I like hamburgers.3. It is bad for your health to eat too much.4. Jennifer is 37 years old, but she looks younger.5. Tom is one of the three members who met the president

yesterday.

6. What do you like to do on weekends?7. Where is Atsushi?8. This university was founded in 1971.9. Anthony has had a terrible headache since yesterday.10. You may pick ice cream or melon for dessert.

GICA #03

30 minutes

Online dictionariesavailable

10 sentences,1 paragraph

Remember the length can be the same or

longer