winschoten 2011 25th world and european championships
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Winschoten 2011 25th World and European Championships FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS Dr ARTHUR BRULE Fédération Française d'Athlétisme. FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS. Summary : Fall with the food quality Food contamination Effects on ultra endurance athletes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Winschoten 201125th World and European Championships
FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS
Dr ARTHUR BRULEFédération Française d'Athlétisme
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FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS
Summary : Fall with the food quality Food contamination Effects on ultra endurance athletes Food and antidoping test
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Fall with the food quality Fall with the food quality
Less diversity On earth, 10 000 to 50 000 plants 7 000 varieties were used since the beginning. Now only 30 are the base of 90% of human food In USA and compared with 100 years later, only 1% of
legumes are on market
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Fall with the food quality Fall with the food quality
Less quality Since 1963 for the chicken : -53% for Vitamin A and
Potassium Milk : -50% iron ; -36% calcium ; +77% sodium Potatoes : -57% Vitamin C and Iron ; -28% Calcium
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Food contaminationFood contamination
A child with normal food during one day : 47 classified substances carcinogenic and 37 endocrine troublemakers
100% of spanish pregnant women have at least one pesticide in their placenta
The production of one apple use 27 treatments. For the Strawberry in Spain : « bromure de Methyle »
(endocrine troublemaker and toxic substance forbidden in Europe) but with special autorization by spanish autorities
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Food contaminationFood contamination
USA, 2008 : 90% of soya are genetically modified and tolerate Roundup
France use 5 millions ton of US soya and 80% of animal production is contaminated
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Food contaminationFood contamination Substances in bovines production : Oestradiol, testostérone, progestérone,
steroides (zeranol, trembolone, melangestrol) Melamine in the milk in 2008 in China : 13 000
children go to hospital, 54 000 under medical treatment
Irradiation is used for the conservation of food
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
I will present here 5 researchs All are about the class of Pesticide Not really good news for us
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
1st Research
Organochlorines are fat soluble chemical compounds and are resistant to degradation
Ingested with food Concentrations compared in three groups : endurance
athletes, lean sedentary subjects and obese individuals
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
1st Research
Increased levels of circulating organochlorines is associated with large adipose tissue compartment
Lower plasma concentration for leaner sedentary and trained persons
That's the only good news (sure for our athletes here, but not for everyone...)
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
2nd Research : Organochlorines Lipid mobilization and decrease in fat mass
(during diet or before competition) result in increased of plasma concentrations
They are associated with altered immune and thyroid functions and with some types of cancer
Could complicate body weight-loss strategies and even favour weight regain
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
3rd Research : Organophosphate exposure on Swiss Mice
(mouse for laboratory) They are associated with an increased risk of
depression and suicide Here they want to know what is modified ? They use some endurance swimming test with
exposure dose without systemic toxicity
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
3rd Research : Acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited in
high dose and low dose, even post exposure in the high dose group
No motor performance alterations High dose increased immobility in the forced
swimming test and emerged after cessation of exposure
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
3rd Research : Indicate that this pesticide induce some
depressive-like behavior in adult mice. So you can say to your coach : « that's not my
legs nor my brain, i want to win but it's my food ! »
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
4th Research : 2,4-Dbe : 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic butyl ester It is used in weed-killer in the garden They used Rotarod performance and open field
to mesure the endurance. Administration of this pesticide to 90-day-old
intact male rats depressed the performance
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
4th Research : Castration of male rats will improve the tests
and normalize the performance Now they put some exogenous testosterone on
gonadectomized rats and they found the same low performance
So there is a link between pesticide and performance, only if there is testostérone
(which male or female human has not some testosterone here ?)
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
5th Research : Fenitrothion : pesticide used with chikungunya
and others Marsupial are mammal like humans. Marsupial with fenitrothion exposure have only
half of the time effort against non exposed
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Effects on ultra endurance Effects on ultra endurance athletesathletes
5th Research : They didn't find why the animals have less
endurance and find no change on their oxygen consumption
The same test 5 days after exposure have the same results
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Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test
April 2011 : Officialy, China would like to limit the use of clenbuterol for production of pork.
April 2011 : UEFA (Union of European Football Association) want to prevent positive test during U17 Football world cup in Mexico
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Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test Two german travellers were negative before
going to Mexico and positive for Clenbuterol at 115 et 90pg/ml after the return in Germany
No limit for positive test with clenbuterol The same problem with travel in China with
clenbuterol test
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Food and antidoping test Food and antidoping test
January 2011, UEFA also made an information about Methylhexaneamine in some food complement
The same molecule can be written with different names : 1,3-diméthylamylamine, diméthylamylamine, diméthylpentylamine, DMAA, forthan, forthane, floradrane, géranamine et huile de géranium (that's only the french names...)
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FOOD CONTAMINATION and THE EFFECTS ON HUMANS
So the problem of food during travelling for our athletes can be a big problem without any easy solution with expected effects on :
- Performance- Anti doping control- Health
Even if they are perfect at home ........
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ConclusionConclusion
Bon Appétit