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Wine, Cheese and Scholarship A Celebration of Faculty Research & Creativity Thursday, February 25, 2016 Wine, Cheese and Scholarship is an exhibit of research proposals, research projects in process, findings, creative works, interdisciplinary projects, scholarship of teaching and learning (SOTL), and other scholarly endeavor of Shenandoah faculty and their graduate students. The Faculty Research and Publications Committee Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology

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Wine, Cheese and Scholarship A Celebration of Faculty Research & Creativity

Thursday, February 25, 2016

 Wine, Cheese and Scholarship is an exhibit of research proposals,

research projects in process, findings, creative works, interdisciplinary projects, scholarship of teaching and learning

(SOTL), and other scholarly endeavor of Shenandoah faculty and their graduate students.

             

The Faculty Research and Publications Committee

Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology

  i

   Table of Contents A Physiological Role for Hydrogen Sulfide in the Human Cutaneous Circulation ........................................ 1 Jessica Kutz, PhD, Assistant Professor, Exercise Science Acting in Recital: Can Michael Chekhov's Method Be Beneficial to Singers? ............................................... 1 Katherine DeFiglio, Conservatory Graduate Student Mentor: Rosemary Green, PhD, Graduate Programs Librarian An Evaluation of Rural Teens Perceived Barriers, Benefits and Beliefs About Health Care Access ........... 1 Jessica Webb, Assistant Professor, Nursing An investigation of the long-term impacts of a short-term education abroad program on global citizenship outcomes ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Bethany Galipeau-Konate, PhD, Director of International Programs Antibiotic resistance: A growing concern ........................................................................................................... 2 Asim Priyendu, BPharm., Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, India. ThuyTien Tran*, BS, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Shaminder Kalkat*, BS, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Isha Patel, PhD, Assistant Professor, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Anantha Naik Nagappa, PhD, Pharmacy Management, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, India. *Both the authors have contributed equally. Artificial neural networks for noninvasive diagnosis of renal interstitial inflammation ............................... 3 Paula Grajdeanu, PhD, Associate Professor, Mathematics Behavioral And Disruptive Behavior in Fourth Grade: Assessment and Intervention ................................. 3 Kelly A. Litzenberg, M.S. Brandon F. Greene, PhD, Associate Professor, Psychology Behavioral Assessment and Interventions to Improve the Independent Living Skills of Women with Mental Health Challenges .................................................................................................................................... 3 Brandy Bennett, M.S. Brandon F. Greene, PhD, Associate Professor, Psychology Black currant anthocyanins' inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by epigenetic modification of histone proteins and downregulation of EZH2 possibly through JNK-EGR-1 pathway .... 4 Tsz "Tiffany" Chan and Omid Mir, Pharmacy Graduate Students; Mentor: Deepak Bhatia, PhD, Assistant Professor Pharmacogenomics Buying into the Payout: 215 Reasons Why Education Doesn't Matter ........................................................... 4 Thomas S. Caracciolo, Sports Management Graduate Student Fritz Polite, PhD, Assistant Professor Sports Management CD Recording: Popular Delusions ...................................................................................................................... 4 Robert Larson, PhD, Associate Professor, Chair Instrumental Division, Harrison Piano Chair Golder O'Neill, PhD, Associate Professor Instrumental Division Do whisper videos on YouTube have therapeutic potential? A Global Survey of Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) ................................................................................................................................ 4 Craig A. H. Richard, PhD Professor, School of Pharmacy Karissa A. Burnett, B.A. Graduate Student, Fuller School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA Jennifer L. Allen, Manager, Twinstate Technologies, Morrisonville, NY Does Pre-Operative Education Have an Effect on Post-Operative Outcomes? .............................................. 5 Thérèse M. Collins, MS, RN, Assistant Professor, Nursing

Abstracts are presented alphabetically Authors are associated with SU unless noted otherwise

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E-sports: A Rise to Prominence and Impact on the Future .............................................................................. 5 Dr. Joey Gawrysiak Mr. Cameron Wiseman, Graduate student Effects Of Localized Cold Air Versus Traditional Ice Bag On Treatment Of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Kimberly Pritchard, PhD, VATL, ATC, Assistant Professor, Athletic Training Entrepreneurship in Public Health Behavior: Forging an Interdisciplinary Doctorate at Shenandoah ..... 6 Brandon F. Greene, PhD, Associate Professor Psychology Tim Ford, PhD, Dean, Health Professions Seth Chatfield, PhD, Assistant Professor, Management Meeting the Challenge: Men United for Excellence and the Journey to Success ........................................... 6 Jerimiai Santiago Assistant Director of Learning Resources, VP Enrollment Management Fritz Polite, PhD, Assistant Professor, Sports Management Meeting the Needs of New SU Full Time Faculty .............................................................................................. 7 Stephanie U. Cross, Program Director and Assistant Professor, Division of Respiratory Care Pedagogical Perspectives on the Etymology of “Belting” ................................................................................. 7 Piero Bonamico, Conservatory Graduate Student Mentor: David Meyer, DM, Associate Professor, Vocal/Choral Division Prescription Cascading - A growing concern ..................................................................................................... 7 Isha Patel PhD, PhD., Associate Professor, Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Sarah Trinh BS*, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Thu Phan BS*, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Mark Johnson PharmD, Professor, Pharmacy Practice, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy Student Pharmacists in the Medication Reconciliation Process: A Literature Review ................................. 8 Sereen Sultana, PharmD Graduate Student Ranjani Varadarajan, PhD, Assistant Professor, Clinical Sciences ¡Tengo Leche! Building Upon a Successful Initiative to Increase Breastfeeding Rates Among Rural Hispanic Immigrant Mothers .............................................................................................................................. 8 Naomi Pitcock, DNP, RN, APHN, Assistant Professor, Nursing Kimberly Pineda, MA, Natasha Ossinova, RN, IBCLC, MPH Dr. Laura Yoder PhD, RN, The Future of Tobacco Cessation Counseling .................................................................................................... 8 Ashley Petrolino, MPH, RRT, Assistant Professor, Respiratory Care The Good Behavior Game in Elementary School: Analysis of Effects on Target and NonTarget Teachers and Students .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Megan Kunsman, M.S. Brandon F. Greene, PhD, Associate Professor, Psychology The Validation of an Instrument to Measure Helplessness in Learning Statistics ......................................... 9 Sarah R. Daniel, PhD, Assistant Professor Quantitative Methods Co-Authors: Brandon K. Vaughn, Breana J. Sylvester-Dacy, Dandan Wang, Frank W. Roberts, Robert W. Ellis, Audrey J. Leroux, Diane L. Schallert, Marilla D. Svinicki. Using Pop Culture in the Classroom ................................................................................................................. 10 Jessica Peacock, PhD, Assistant Professor, Exercise Science Was my "Purpose Pitch" Justified? .................................................................................................................. 10 Barry Penn Hollar, PhD, Professor, Philosophy and Religion

 

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A  Physiological  Role  for  Hydrogen  Sulfide  in  the  Human  Cutaneous  Circulation  Jessica  Kutz,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Exercise  Science  

Hydrogen  sulfide  (H2S),  once  considered  a  malodorous  and  toxic  gas,  is  now  recognized  as  a  third  endogenous  gaso-­‐transmitter,  in  addition  to  nitric  oxide  (NO)  and  carbon  monoxide.  H2S  has  significant  vasoactive  properties  and  plays  a  role  in  the  modulation  of  vascular  function.  The  purpose  of  this  series  of  studies  was  to  examine  the  vasodilatory  role  of  H2S  in  the  cutaneous  circulation  of  healthy  young  adults  and  subsequently  determine  alterations  in  H2S-­‐dependent  vasodilation  that  occur  with  hypertension.  The  novel  findings  from  the  first  series  of  studies  were  the  presence  of  H2S-­‐generating  enzymes  in  the  cutaneous  circulation  as  well  as  the  vasodilator  responsiveness  to  a  H2S  donor.  Additionally,  H2S-­‐mediated  vasodilation  occurred  through  downstream  potassium  channels  and  via  interaction  with  the  NO  and  COX  vasodilatory  pathways. H2S  production  and  function  are  altered  in  the  presence  of  hypertension  in  animal  models.  In  the  second  series  of  studies,  we  hypothesized  that  endothelium-­‐dependent  vasodilation  would  be  blunted  in  pre/stage  1  hypertensive  adults  compared  to  normotensive  controls.  Additionally,  we  hypothesized  that  the  end-­‐organ  responsiveness  to  exogenous  H2S  would  be  preserved  in  pre/stage  1  hypertensive  adults  but  that  the  vasodilatory  interaction  with  NO  and  COX  signaling  pathways  would  be  diminished  compared  to  normotensive  age  matched  controls.  The  data  demonstrated  blunted  vasodilation  to  a  cholinergic  stimulus  in  pre/stage  1  hypertensives,  in  part,  due  to  a  diminished  H2S-­‐dependent  vasodilation.  Additionally,  our  data  demonstrated  preserved  end-­‐organ  responsiveness  to  exogenous  H2S  in  pre/stage  1  hypertensive  adults,  despite  a  loss  of  vasodilatory  interaction  with  NO  and  COX  vasodilatory  pathways.

Acting  in  Recital:  Can  Michael  Chekhov's  Method  Be  Beneficial  to  Singers?  Katherine  DeFiglio,  Conservatory  Graduate  Student  Mentor:  Rosemary  Green,  PhD,  Graduate  Programs  Librarian  

In  recital,  singers  face  the  challenge  of  playing  multiple  characters  throughout  the  course  of  performance,  with  each  song  having  a  unique  personality,  situation,  and  mood.  Whereas  the  theatrical  performer  has  the  aid  of  costumes,  scenery,  and  other  actors  to  create  an  atmosphere  for  the  audience,  recital  singers  must  rely  on  their  own  imagination,  voice,  and  creativity.  Theatrical  actors  have  benefited  from  a  technique  developed  by  Michael  Chekhov  (1891-­‐1955),  an  accomplished  actor  nominated  for  an  Academy  Award  for  his  performance  in  the  film  Spellbound.  The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  explore  whether  singers  can  benefit  from  using  Chekhov’s  acting  techniques  when  preparing  for  a  recital.    Singers  depend  on  on  vocal  technique  in  order  to  perform  the  musical  demands  of  their  songs,  and  they  must  also  draw  upon  an  acting  technique  when  considering  the  demands  of  expression  and  communication  in  recital.  The  texts  of  Erich  Korngold’s  (1943)  songs,  “Desdemona’s  Song”  and  “Under  the  Greenwood  Tree,”  from  his  set  of  Four  Shakespeare  Songs  are  sung  by  two  very  different  characters,  a  challenge  for  the  performer  who  must  rapidly  transform  in  the  span  of  a  few  moments.  One  of  Chekhov’s  most  influential  techniques  is  the  Psychological  Gesture,  the  strategy  of  using  a  physical  movement  or  gesture  that  creates  the  inner  emotion  of  the  character  the  actor  is  portraying.  This  study  will  explore  how  Chekhov’s  technique  of  the  Psychological  Gesture  can  be  used  by  singers  to  prepare  songs  for  performance  in  a  recital,  using  Korngold’s  two  songs  as  examples.    

An  Evaluation  of  Rural  Teens  Perceived  Barriers,  Benefits  and  Beliefs  About  Health  Care  Access Jessica Webb,  Assistant  Professor,  Nursing

Problem.  Healthcare  for  the  teen  population  in  the  United  States  is  not  consistent  and  this  population  provides  unique  challenges.  Factors  to  overcome  barriers  need  identification.  Many  decisions  they  make  during  this  life  stage  will  affect  their  future  health. Purpose.  The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  evaluate  teen’s  perceived  barriers  and  benefits  to  their  healthcare  access  in  a  rural  northwestern  VA  county. EBP  Questions.  RQ#1  What  are  the  most  highly  ranked  barriers  and  benefits  as  perceived  by  adolescents  of  teen  health  care  access?  RQ#2  Is  there  a  relationship  between  perceived  health  care  needs  and  demographic  characteristics  in  teen’s  in  rural  northwestern  VA?  RQ#3  How  would  adolescents  prefer  to  receive  health  information  from  health  care  providers?

 

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Methods.  The  study  used  a  descriptive  correlational  research  design.  Participants  completed  a  questionnaire  to  discover  their  perceived  barriers  and  benefits  to  health  care  access  in  the  county.  They  identified  preferred  methods  of  receiving  information  about  health  care  and  accessing  their  health  care  options.  The  sample  size  was  3500  registered  high  school  students  in  Fauquier  County. Outcomes.  Students  identified  some  of  the  reasons  they  do  or  do  not  address  health  care  needs,  and  provided  information  that  can  be  used  by  healthcare  providers  to  overcome  barriers. Significance.  This  study  provides  information  for  healthcare  providers  in  Fauquier  County  to  better  address  the  needs  of  this  underserved  population,  in  the  format  teens  prefer.

An  investigation  of  the  long-­‐term  impacts  of  a  short-­‐term  education  abroad  program  on  global  citizenship  outcomes  Bethany  Galipeau-­‐Konate,  PhD,  Director  of  International  Programs  

The  increasingly  interconnected  nature  of  the  world  makes  global  citizenship  an  important  learning  outcome  of  higher  education.  Education  abroad  is  considered  an  effective  way  to  stimulate  development  of  global  citizenship,  yet  participation  is  still  limited  to  a  small  fraction  of  students.  Seeking  to  broaden  access  to  international  experiences  and  to  accommodate  the  needs  of  students,  American  universities  have  responded  by  diversifying  programs.  Short-­‐term  programs  have  come  to  dominate  the  education  abroad  landscape,  which  includes  both  curricular  and  co-­‐curricular  opportunities.  Given  the  investment  of  scarce  resources  in  maintaining  education  abroad  programs,  empirical  research  documenting  the  value  of  short-­‐term  programs  for  facilitating  lasting  outcomes  above  and  beyond  what  could  be  achieved  on  campus  is  a  worthwhile  line  of  investigation. Using  experiential  learning  theory  as  a  theoretical  framework,  this  non-­‐experimental,  cross-­‐sectional  explanatory  study  employed  a  concurrent  mixed  methods  strategy  to  examine  whether  past  participants  in  a  short-­‐term  co-­‐curricular  education  abroad  program  exhibited  different  global  citizenship  outcomes  than  non-­‐participants.  The  non-­‐participant  group  was  divided  into  applicant  and  non-­‐applicant  subgroups,  to  account  for  possible  effects  of  a  pre-­‐disposition  towards  education  abroad  on  learning  outcomes.  Global  citizenship  outcomes  were  measured  using  the  Global  Citizenship  Scale  (GCS). The  study  results  indicated  that  the  outcomes  most  clearly  linked  to  participation  are  increased  travel  and  global  civic  engagement  and  that  the  passage  of  time  was  not  predictive  of  global  citizenship.  This  study  supports  the  proposition  that  short-­‐term  education  abroad  may  have  a  durable  impact  on  global  citizenship.  The  findings  provide  evidence  for  the  value  of  investment  in  such  programs.

Antibiotic  resistance:  A  growing  concern  Asim  Priyendu,  BPharm.,  Department  of  Pharmacy  Management,  Manipal  University,  Manipal-­‐576104,  India.  ThuyTien  Tran*,  BS,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy    Shaminder  Kalkat*,  BS,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy    Isha  Patel,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Biopharmaceutical  Sciences,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy    Anantha  Naik  Nagappa,  PhD,  Pharmacy  Management,  Manipal  University,  Manipal-­‐576104,  India.  *Both  the  authors  have  contributed  equally.

Antibiotic  resistance  has  been  a  major  contributing  factor  in  the  mortality  of  many  patients  worldwide,  especially  in  a  developing  country  such  as  India.  Antibiotic  resistance  arises  largely  due  to  excessive/inappropriate  treatment  of  antibiotics,  leading  to  mutations  in  bacteria.  These  organisms  are  well  known  as  “superbugs”,  because  they  portray  extended  resistance  to  conventional  antibiotics.  These  bacteria  undergo  mutations,  which  allow  them  to  develop  resistance  via  different  mechanisms.  In  India,  the  issue  of  antibiotic  resistance  remains  one  of  the  main  national  concerns  for  all  ages,  in  terms  of  escalating  health  care  costs,  hospital  stay,  and  mortality.  The  Government  of  India  has  initiated  regulatory  measures  such  as  schedule  H1  to  prevent  the  selling  of  antibiotics  without  a  doctor’s  prescription,  thereby  reducing  easy  public  access  to  antibiotics.  Interventions  to  control  antibiotic  resistance  include  infection  control,  reducing  usage,  and  stricter  surveillance.  There  is  need  for  more  awareness  about  the  regulations  and  interventions  pertaining  to  rational  antibiotic  usage  to  improve  their  effectiveness.  Additional  laws  must  be  enacted  in  India  to  enforce  rational  use  of  antibiotics  to  prevent  antibiotic  resistance.  The  purpose  of  this  review  is  to  summarize  the  prevalence  and  mechanism  of  antibiotic  resistance  in  India.  It  also  discusses  government  regulations  to  control  antibiotic  resistance  in  India.  

 

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Artificial  neural  networks  for  noninvasive  diagnosis  of  renal  interstitial  inflammation  Paula  Grajdeanu,  PhD,  Associate  Professor,  Mathematics  

While  renal  biopsy  it  is  still  the  gold  standard  for  the  diagnostic  of  renal  interstitial  inflammation,  some  noninvasive  diagnostic  studies  have  been  proposed  to  help  categorize  interstitial  inflammation,  and  guide  treatment  accordingly.  Urine  samples  collected  at  the  time  of  biopsy  are  frequently  tested  to  provide  confirmatory  evidence  of  interstitial  inflammation,  though  the  diagnostic  value  of  these  tests  remains  unclear.  Because  the  pathogenesis  of  interstitial  inflammation  is  extremely  complex  in  nature,  classical  analytical  models  are  limited  in  their  ability  to  elucidate  the  nonlinear  biomarkers  interplay  that  underlies  the  interstitial  inflammation. We  propose  to  develop  artificial  neural  networks  to  predict  renal  interstitial  inflammation  outcomes  based  on  individual  patient  urine  tests.  The  neural  networks  will  be  trained,  validated,  and  verified  with  patient  data  for  which  the  interstitial  inflammation  was  scored  by  a  renal  pathologist  from  renal  biopsies.  Performance  measurements  will  be  taken  to  report  the  neural  networks  level  of  success.  The  neural  networks  can  be  used  to  classify  new  patients,  that  it  to  calculate  the  individual  probability  of  interstitial  inflammation  severity  based  solely  on  noninvasive  clinical  measurements.  Furthermore,  new  patient  data  will  be  incorporated  into  older  version  of  the  model  to  refine  predictions. Neural  networks  emulate  the  traditional  development  of  expert  opinions,  from  the  expert’s  practical  clinical  experience  and  mastery  of  the  published  literature.  While  linked  here  to  kidney  interstitial  inflammation,  these  methods  are  far  more  reaching,  and  similar  approaches  could  be  consider  to  address  other  clinical  decision-­‐making  processes.

Behavioral  And  Disruptive  Behavior  in  Fourth  Grade:  Assessment  and  Intervention  Kelly  A.  Litzenberg,  M.S.  Brandon  F.  Greene,  PhD,  Associate  Professor,  Psychology  

Elementary  school  teachers  who  leave  the  profession  early  in  their  careers,  often  report  doing  so  due  to  the  challenges  of  disciplinary  problems  among  students  in  the  classroom.  Although  there  are  several  empirically-­‐based  approaches  to  managing  such  problems,  it  is  sometimes  necessary  to  design  highly  individualized  arrangements  that  target  the  disruptive  behavior  of  select  students. In  this  analysis  an  observation  system  was  developed  to  capture  occurrences  of  disruptive  behaviors  of  a  fourth  grader  during  math  class.  After  establishing  a  baseline,  a  system  of  delivering  reinforcement  for  appropriate  vocalizations  and  behavior  was  implemented  which  involved  differential  attention  delivered  by  support  personnel  in  the  classroom.  Several  variations  of  the  reinforcement  system  were  evaluated  and  all  reinforcement  was  gradually  "thinned".  In  addition,  the  student's  academic  performance  on  quizzes  was  assessed  over  the  course  of  the  project. The  results  indicated  substantial  improvements  in  the  child's  comportment,  but  only  modest  improvements  in  academic  performance.

Behavioral  Assessment  and  Interventions  to  Improve  the  Independent  Living  Skills  of  Women  with  Mental  Health  Challenges  Brandy  Bennett,  M.S.    Brandon  F.  Greene,  PhD,  Associate  Professor,  Psychology  

Approximately  19%  of  adults  in  the  U.S.  suffer  from  mental  illness;  nearly  7%  have  experienced  major  depression.  Pharmacological  treatment  can  be  helpful  and  periods  of  hospitalization  are  sometimes  necessary.    As  illustrated  in  these  analyses  of  three  women  between  the  ages  of  22  and  31,  all  diagnosed  with  major  depression,  behavioral  treatments  are  also  important  and  often  involve  frequent  rehearsal  in  the  tasks  of  daily  living  this  population  faces,.    Assessment  and  intervention,  which  were  tailored  to  their  circumstances,  focused  on  their  abilities  to  complete  job  applications  and  interviews,  to  pass  the  written  driving  test,  and  to  maintain  a  household.    All  showed  improvement  on  these  measures  and,  in  one  case,  psychiatric  hospitalization  became  less  frequent.    The  implications  of  this  approach  to  assessment  and  intervention  for  other  mental  health  problems  are  considered,  including  the  importance  of  behavior  analytic  training  for  mental  health  professionals.

 

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Black  currant  anthocyanins'  inhibits  proliferation  of  hepatocellular  carcinoma  cells  by  epigenetic  modification  of  histone  proteins  and  downregulation  of  EZH2  possibly  through  JNK-­‐EGR-­‐1  pathway  Tsz  "Tiffany"  Chan  and  Omid  Mir,  Pharmacy  Graduate  Students;  Mentor:  Deepak  Bhatia,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor  Pharmacogenomics  

Human  hepatocellular  carcinoma  (HCC)  is  generally  viewed  as  a  disease  with  accumulation  of  genetic  alterations  that  are  responsible  for  the  expression  of  genes  controlling  cell  cycle  and  cell  proliferation.  Many  investigators  have  explored  the  role  of  Enhancer  of  Zeste  2  Polycomb  Repressive  Complex  2  Subunit  (EZH2)  in  many  types  of  cancer.  EZH2  is  an  active  catalytic  component  of  polycomb  repressive  complex  2  (PRC2)  that  contributes  to  tri-­‐methylation  of  lysines  4,  9,  36,  and  possibly  27  in  HCC.  In  literature,  it  is  reported  that  EZH2  represses  the  expression  of  the  genes  required  for  cell  differentiation,  lineage  development,  and  tumor  suppression  through  methylations  on  histone  proteins  and  DNA  and  yet  treatment  against  activation  of  such  gene  is  not  currently  explored.  In  this  proposal,  we  provide  evidence  showing  that  activated  EZH2  and  other  PRC2  genes  in  liver  cancer  are  5-­‐10  fold  downregulated  by  berry  extract.  Immunohistochemical  evaluation  further  confirmed  the  reversal  of  methylation  of  histone  h3  at  lysine  27  (H3K27me3).  Furthermore,  we  found  correlation  of  JNK  (c-­‐Jun  N-­‐Terminal  Kinase)  and  Egr-­‐1  (Early  Growth  Response-­‐1)  with  EZH2  thereby  suggesting  involvement  of  JNK-­‐EGR-­‐1  pathway  in  downregulation  of  EZH2  upon  berry  extract  treatment.

Buying  into  the  Payout:  215  Reasons  Why  Education  Doesn't  Matter  Thomas  S.  Caracciolo,  Sports  Management  Graduate  Student  Fritz  Polite,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor  Sports  Management  

Inevitably,  head  coaches  will  be  fired  at  the  end  of  each  college  football  season,  however  little  attention  is  paid  to  the  terms  of  these  departures.  An  Athletic  Department  can  spend  millions  of  dollars  paying  the  remainder  of  a  football  coach’s  contract,  while  he  gets  to  relax  on  Saturday  afternoon  and  watch  football  from  the  comfort  of  his  home.  This  presentation  will  focus  on  the  payout  Charlie  Weis  received  from  both  the  University  of  Notre  Dame  and  the  University  of  Kansas  after  he  was  removed  as  head  coach.  We  will  bring  light  to  the  reasons  why  he  received  this  money,  how  it  could  impact  the  lives  of  others  if  it  were  used  to  fund  academic  scholarships  or  provide  along  with  other  benefits  to  student-­‐athletes  or  the  university  community.

CD  Recording:  Popular  Delusions Robert  Larson,  PhD,  Associate  Professor,  Chair  Instrumental  Division,  Harrison  Piano  Chair  Golder  O'Neill,  PhD,  Associate  Professor  Instrumental  Division  

Bob  Larson's  Popular  Delusions  is  the  title  of  a  CD  project  that  will  be  released  on  February  28,  2016  on  the  Shenandoah  Conservatory  record  label,  Swarm  Music  Group.  The  tracks  were  recorded  in  the  Shenandoah  University  Recording  Studio  on  November  21-­‐22,  2015.  The  band  is  comprised  of  Craig  Fraedrich,  trumpet;  Luis  Hernandez,  tenor  saxophone;  Matt  Niess,  trombone;  Bob  Larson,  piano;  Paul  Henry,  bass;  and  CV  Dasheill,  drums.  Bob  composed  five  pieces  for  the  album  and  arranged  four  others.  Golder  O'Neill  engineered  and  mixed  the  project  and  adjunct  faculty  member  Dan  Shores  of  Sono  Luminus  mastered  it.  We  will  discuss  the  process  of  composing  the  music,  recording  it  (microphone  placement,  instrument  separation,  etc),  editing  using  Pro  Tools  software,  and  mixing  and  mastering  to  obtain  the  final  result.  

Do  whisper  videos  on  YouTube  have  therapeutic  potential?  A  Global  Survey  of  Autonomous  Sensory  Meridian  Response  (ASMR)  Craig  A.  H.  Richard,  PhD  Professor,  School  of  Pharmacy  Karissa  A.  Burnett,  B.A.  Graduate  Student,  Fuller  School  of  Psychology,  Pasadena,  CA  Jennifer  L.  Allen,  Manager,  Twinstate  Technologies,  Morrisonville,  NY  

Background:  ASMR  is  usually  described  as  an  enjoyable  and  relaxing  sensation.  Commonly  reported  triggers  for  ASMR  include  soft  voices,  whispers,  light  touches,  being  groomed,  receiving  attention  from  a  clinician,  observing  someone  performing  a  task  with  their  hands,  and/or  the  sounds  of  gentle  tapping  or  crinkling.  Videos  containing  ASMR  triggers  are  becoming  increasingly  popular  on  YouTube™.  One  research  study  and  comments  on  ASMR  videos  demonstrate  that  many  viewers  use  these  videos  to  help  them  relax  and/or  fall  asleep.  The  only  peer-­‐reviewed  publication  about  ASMR  had  about  500  surveyed  participants.

 

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Objectives:  To  characterize  the  demographics  of  ASMR  responders  and  how  these  responders  experience  and  use  ASMR. Methods:  An  online  survey  was  created,  approved  by  IRB  for  18  years  or  older,  administered  by  SurveyMonkey™,  and  targeted  to  visitors  and  members  of  popular  ASMR  websites,  forums,  Facebook  pages,  and  YouTube  channels.    Data  was  collected  for  13  months  (11/27/14  to  12/18/15).    Data  are  expressed  as  percent  of  all  respondents  who  experience  ASMR. Results:  Survey  was  completed  by  11,691  individuals  who  experience  ASMR.  Participants  were  from  104  countries,  61%  female,  aged  18  to  74  years,  and  had  a  mean  age  of  28  years.  The  majority  of  participants  have  watched  over  100  ASMR  videos,  felt  sensations  in  their  head  or  spine  during  ASMR,  selected  relaxed/calmed/soothed/sleepy  as  terms  to  describe  ASMR,  and  reported  that  ASMR  helps  them  to  relax  more,  stress  less,  and  fall  asleep. Implications:  The  quantity  and  global  breadth  of  these  results  support  further  investigations  into  the  physiology  of  ASMR  and  potential  clinical  applications  of  ASMR.

Does  Pre-­‐Operative  Education  Have  an  Effect  on  Post-­‐Operative  Outcomes?  Thérèse  M.  Collins,  MS,  RN,  Assistant  Professor,  Nursing  

The  purpose  of  this  poster  was  to  highlight  the  importance  of  preoperative  education  in  improving  patient  satisfaction  and  pain  management,  while  reducing  patient  anxiety  levels.  The  studies  included  in  this  review  show  a  modest  reduction  in  patient  anxiety,  but  they  did  not  have  statistically  significant  findings  in  improving  patient  satisfaction  or  pain  management.  The  sample  sizes  were  small,  with  extremely  similar  control  and  intervention  groups.  This  does  not  mean  that  preoperative  education  is  not  necessary.  Over  the  years,  patient  education  has  become  a  standard  of  care  (Webber,  1990),  and  it  would  have  been  unethical  to  withhold  instruction.  For  those  patients  undergoing  total  knee  replacement  or  total  hip  replacement,  does  preoperative  patient  education  have  an  effect  on  the  patient's  levels  of  satisfaction,  anxiety  reduction  and  pain  management?  While  this  PICOT  question  had  limited  results  in  the  literature,  this  speaks  to  the  strength  of  the  current  standard  of  care  for  preoperative  education.  As  healthcare  faces  the  challenge  of  providing  quality  care  with  reduced  reimbursements,  administrators  need  to  support  the  provision  of  patient  education,  while  nurses  continue  to  explore  ways  to  provide  preoperative  education  that  meets  the  patient’s  needs  (Webber,  1990).    This  project  was  completed  within  a  research  course,  with  the  dual  objectives  of  working  through  the  PICOT  process  and  discovering  how  the  area  of  interest  needs  to  be  further  defined  in  the  future.    As  such,  the  objectives  of  the  project  were  met;  the  author  recognizes  that  the  project’s  narrow  scope  limits  it  immediate  application  to  nursing.  

E-­‐sports:  A  Rise  to  Prominence  and  Impact  on  the  Future  Dr.  Joey  Gawrysiak Mr.  Cameron  Wiseman,  Graduate  student

E-­‐sports  are  gaining  popularity  and  becoming  more  widespread  with  their  inclusion  in  the  X-­‐Games  and  their  coverage  by  major  television  networks  such  as  ESPN  and  TBS.  The  e-­‐sport  industry  is  expected  to  increase  its  revenue  in  2015  by  30%  and  attract  more  than  113  million  fans  (Wingfield  2015).  These  are  not  just  casual  activities  for  kids  to  play  in  their  free  time.  Video  games  have  become  a  legitimate  career  and  professional  sport  entity.  The  number  and  scope  of  tournaments  has  increased  significantly,  going  from  about  10  tournaments  in  2000  to  about  260  in  2010  (Popper  2013).  During  one  day  of  The  International,  Twitch  recorded  4.5  million  unique  views,  with  each  view  watching  for  an  average  of  2  hours  (Popper  2013).  In  2013,  it  was  estimated  that  approximately  71,500,000  people  watched  competitive  gaming  (Warr  2014).  So  while  the  current  snapshot  of  e-­‐sports  is  healthy,  what  does  the  future  look  like  and  what  are  some  of  the  implications?  Few  industries,  even  on  the  bleeding  edge,  are  able  to  make  accurate  projections  even  ten  years  into  the  future.  At  thirty  years  out,  all  bets  are  off.  Accelerating  technology,  evolving  design,  even  entirely  new  mediums,  spring  suddenly  into  being.  Could  gaming  in  2015  have  been  predicted  from  gaming  in  1985?  The  impact  of  e-­‐sports  on  the  future  of  video  gaming  and  sports  will  be  highlighted  in  this  work.  

 

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Effects  Of  Localized  Cold  Air  Versus  Traditional  Ice  Bag  On  Treatment  Of  Delayed  Onset  Muscle  Soreness  Kimberly  Pritchard,  PhD,  VATL,  ATC,  Assistant  Professor,  Athletic  Training    

Context:  There  may  be  advantages  to  the  use  of  either  localized  cold  air  or  ice  bag  treatment  on  local  discomfort  or  pain  and  clinical  outcomes  associated  with  delayed  onset  muscle  soreness  (DOMS). Objective:  To  investigate  changes  in  skin  surface  temperature  and  functional  performance,  as  well  as  the  subjective  report  of  pain  and  sensation  associated  with  DOMS  after  treatment  using  two  different  modes  of  cryotherapy. Design:  Randomized  controlled  laboratory  trial. Patients/Participants:  28  healthy  and  active  individuals  (21  Male,  7  Female;  age  21.0±2.5  years;  height  177.3±11.2cm;  weight  98.4±23.6kg)  volunteered  to  participate. Intervention(s):  DOMS  was  induced  in  subjects  using  repeated  standardized  eccentric  calf  exercises.  Cryotherapy  was  applied  and  outcomes  assessed  48  and  54  hours  post-­‐exercise.  During  cryotherapy  treatment,  subjects  were  placed  in  figure-­‐four  position  with  gastrocnemius  exposed,  then  treated  with  localized  cold-­‐air  therapy  for  1.5-­‐2  minutes  or  traditional  ice  bag  secured  with  consistent  pressure  10  minutes. Main  Outcome  Measures:  Temperature  and  functional  performance  as  well  as  pain  and  sensation  were  measured.  ANOVA  with  post  hoc  testing  was  used  to  assess  changes  over  time  between  groups. Results:  Each  subject  received  one  randomly  applied  mode  of  cryotherapy  at  two  different  time  points.  Treatment  was  applied  to  the  area  of  greatest  soreness  in  the  gastrocnemius  48  and  54  hours  after  eccentric  exercise.  The  greatest  difference  in  skin  temperature  reduction  between  groups  occurred  at  10  minutes  after  treatment  one  (P<.001)  and  two  (P=.01).  There  were  no  differences  in  pain,  skin  sensation,  or  functional  performance  between  groups  at  any  time. Conclusions:  Although  both  treatments  reduced  skin  temperature  after  exposure,  ice  bags  elicited  a  significantly  greater  reduction  in  skin  temperature  10  minutes  after  treatment  than  localized  cold-­‐air.

Entrepreneurship  in  Public  Health  Behavior:  Forging  an  Interdisciplinary  Doctorate  at  Shenandoah  Brandon  F.  Greene,  PhD,  Associate  Professor  Psychology  Tim  Ford,  PhD,  Dean,  Health  Professions  Seth  Chatfield,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Management

Human  behavior  is  either  complicit  in  the  major  health  problems  we  confront  or  is  key  to  their  solution.    Examples  include  traffic  safety,  disease  prevention  and  management,  various  forms  of  violence  (child  maltreatment,  domestic  abuse,  mass  shootings),  substance  abuse,  prenatal  care,  and  environmental  preservation.    Each  has  clinical  and  global  dimensions,  and  each  may  be  resolved  only  through  a  humanitarian  spirit  blended  with  the  entrepreneurship  of  business  and  the  technical  skills  of  behavioral  science.    If  crisis  is  opportunity,  Shenandoah  University  certainly  has  a  unique  one.  

Meeting  the  Challenge:  Men  United  for  Excellence  and  the  Journey  to  Success  Jerimiai  Santiago  Assistant  Director  of  Learning  Resources,  VP  Enrollment  Management  Fritz  Polite,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Sports  Management                  

This  study  will  attempt  to  examine  the  documented  challenges  of  students  of  color  on  predominantly  white  campuses  (PWI).  The  study  will  also  attempt  to  investigate  programs  that  provide  prescriptions/solutions  to  assist  in  the  areas  of  retention,  persistence  and  graduation  rates.  These  variables  are  directly  related  to  students  of  color  and  the  dismal  data  surrounding  these  graduation/retention  rates.  The  study’s  findings  will  assist  in  gaining  a  better  understating  of  students  and  their  roles/challenges  within  institutions  of  higher  learning.  As  the  retention  and  graduation  success  rates  remain  pivotal  in  today’s  higher  education  conversations,  The  Men  United  For  Excellence  Program  looks  to  provide  others  institutions  a  blueprint  for  assisting  and  mentoring  students  in  their  journey  towards  success.  Purpose  of  this  study:  The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  address  the  black  male  college  completion  rates,  which  are  the  lowest  among  both  sexes  and  all  racial/ethnic  groups  in  U.S.  higher  education  (Harper,  2006a;  Strayhorn,  2010).  By  targeting  concerns  specific  to  African  American  males,  MUE  strives  to  increase  

 

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persistence  to  graduation  while  helping  students  develop  the  skills  and  connections  necessary  for  post  graduation  success.  Only  41%  of  Black  male  youth  graduate  from  high  school  and  two-­‐thirds  of  all  Black  men  who  enter  college  leave  without  ever  completing  a  degree  (U.S.  Department  of  Education,  2011)  MUE  Program  Purpose:  Men  United  for  Excellence  (MUE)  is  an  African-­‐American  Male  Mentoring  Program  at  Shenandoah  University,  Winchester,  VA.  The  program  is  a  retention  initiative  designed  to  address  the  documented  risks  of  African-­‐American  males  in  higher  education.    

Meeting  the  Needs  of  New  SU  Full  Time  Faculty  Stephanie  U.  Cross,  Program  Director  and  Assistant  Professor,  Division  of  Respiratory  Care  

This  project  aims  to  evaluate  how  Shenandoah  University  (SU)  is  meeting  the  needs  of  orienting  new  full  time  faculty.  A  draft  survey  for  new  faculty  will  be  developed  and  presented  at  Wine,  Cheese  &  Scholarship.  During  this  collaboration,  feedback  about  the  survey  and  project  will  be  obtained.  Survey  question  topics  will  address  Human  Resources,  University/School  policies,  and  technological  training  provided  during  new  SU  faculty  orientation.  Improvements  to  the  survey  will  be  made,  with  the  intention  of  obtaining  Institutional  Review  Board  (IRB)  approval.  Following  IRB  approval,  all  new  (during  the  2015-­‐16  academic  year)  full  time  faculty  at  Shenandoah  University  will  be  contacted  for  consent  and  survey  completion.  The  results  will  be  shared  with  all  departments  participating  in  Shenandoah  University’s  new  faculty  orientation,  for  the  purpose  of  assessment  and  making  improvements.

Pedagogical  Perspectives  on  the  Etymology  of  “Belting”  Piero  Bonamico,  Conservatory  Graduate  Student  Mentor:  David  Meyer,  DM,  Associate  Professor,  Vocal/Choral  Division

Words  are  the  primary  tool  used  by  singing  teachers  to  effect  change  in  their  students’  technique.  This  supports  the  use  of  clear,  consistent  vocabulary  with  agreed  upon  definitions.  The  term  “belting”  refers  to  a  singing  technique.  Its  origin  is  loosely  attributed  to  descriptions  of  Ethel  Merman’s  singing  starting  in  the  late  nineteen  twenties.  Today,  performers  from  a  wide  variety  non-­‐classical  styles  “belt”  on  a  regular  basis.  Leading  voice  pedagogues  do  not  agree  on  the  definition  of  belting.  Their  views  can  be  loosely  divided  into  two  categories:  those  who  disapprove  of  belting  because  they  consider  it  either  deleterious  to  vocal  health,  not  aesthetically  pleasing  or  both;  and  those  who  approve  of  belting  but  differ  on  its  manner  of  production,  its  aesthetic  qualities  or  both.  Dr.  Matthew  Hoch,  author  of  A  Dictionary  for  the  Modern  Singer  said  it  best,  “perhaps  no  other  word  in  singing  is  as  multifarious.”  Using  a  literature  review  and  survey  this  project  investigates  two  questions:  how  do  these  differing  definitions  effect  singers’  perceptions  of  the  term  belting;  and  do  these  differing  definitions  create  confusion?  

Prescription  Cascading  -­‐  A  growing  concern  Isha  Patel  PhD,  PhD.,  Associate  Professor,  Biopharmaceutical  Sciences,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy  Sarah  Trinh  BS*,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy  Thu  Phan  BS*,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy  Mark  Johnson  PharmD,  Professor,  Pharmacy  Practice,  Bernard  J.  Dunn  School  of  Pharmacy  

Prescription  cascading  in  developmentally  disabled  individuals  is  an  issue  that  needs  to  be  addressed  by  healthcare  providers.  It  can  occur  due  to  lack  of  information  available  to  the  provider,  lack  of  care  coordination  with  patient  and  caregiver,  inability  to  recognize  adverse  drug  events,  and  misdiagnosis  of  new  medical  conditions.  Patients  who  are  developmentally  disabled  may  not  be  able  to  communicate  their  symptoms,  adverse  effects  or  need  for  treatment.  Physicians  treating  these  patients  may  often  prescribe  medications  to  treat  adverse  drug  reactions  but  may  neglect  to  see  that  these  medications  can  be  avoided  to  prevent  further  side  effects.  Pharmacists  can  play  a  key  role  as  a  liaison  between  patient,  caregivers,  and  providers  through  education  about  medication  regimen,  disease  states,  counseling  on  adherence,  adverse  reactions,  and  interpreting  medical  terms  into  layman's  terms.  This  review  highlights  the  management  of  prescription  cascading  in  developmentally  disabled  patients  through  care  coordination  and  provider  patient  communication.    

 

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Student  Pharmacists  in  the  Medication  Reconciliation  Process:  A  Literature  Review  Sereen  Sultana,  PharmD  Graduate  Student  Ranjani  Varadarajan,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Clinical  Sciences  

This  review  attempts  to  summarize  studies  looking  at  how  student  pharmacists  are  utilized  in  the  medication  reconciliation  process,  where  are  they  utilized,  and  determine  the  effect  of  the  student  pharmacists  on  the  quality  outcome  indicators.  The  ongoing  review  looks  at  articles  published  for  the  years  ranging  from  2005-­‐2016  in  English  on  pharmacy  students  in  the  medication  reconciliation  process.  Electronic  databases  such  as  Pubmed,  Google  Scholar,  and  MEDLINE  were  used,  in  addition  to  the  institution  library.  This  continuing  review  has  identified  a  total  of  60  potentially  useful  articles,  with  20  meeting  the  inclusion  criteria  thus  far.  The  review  found  that  pharmacy  students  significantly  improved  the  medication  reconciliation  process  by  effectively  communicating  with  patients  about  their  medications  and  identifying  any  medication-­‐related  discrepancies  in  their  charts.  Student  pharmacists  were  utilized  in  both  inpatient  and  outpatient  settings.  Most  studies  report  student  pharmacists  being  utilized  in  the  inpatient  triage  process,  with  medication  reconciliation  occurring  between  24  and  72  hours  of  admission.  Studies  found  that  student  pharmacist-­‐led  medication  reconciliation  processes  to  be  significantly  effective,  with  one  study  identifying  268  discrepancies,  averaging  5  discrepancies  per  patient. Student  pharmacists  have  been  shown  to  significantly  improve  the  medication  reconciliation  process,  thereby  fulfilling  a  crucial  aspect  of  2015  National  Patient  Safety  Goal  set  by  the  Joint  Commission.  This  review  attempts  to  summarize  the  literature  on  how  student  pharmacists  are  being  utilized  at  this  date  and  what  can  be  done  to  utilize  them  to  their  optimum  capacity  to  meet  our  patient  care  safety  and  quality  goals.  

¡Tengo  Leche!  Building  Upon  a  Successful  Initiative  to  Increase  Breastfeeding  Rates  Among  Rural  Hispanic  Immigrant  Mothers  Naomi  Pitcock,  DNP,  RN,  APHN,  Assistant  Professor,  Nursing  Kimberly  Pineda,  MA,  Natasha  Ossinova,  RN,  IBCLC,  MPH  Dr.  Laura  Yoder  PhD,  RN,  

Background:  According  to  the  scholarly  literature  on  breastfeeding  a  combination  of  efforts  are  needed  to  improve  breastfeeding.  The  authors  conducted  initial  research  focusing  on  Spanish  speaking  immigrants  that  concluded  when  mothers  attended  a  culturally  appropriate  childbirth  and  breastfeeding  education  class  (¡Tengo  Leche!)  a  statistically  significant  number  of  them  (41%)  left  the  hospital  exclusively  breastfeeding.  This  poster  presentation  is  the  second  phase  in  a  tri-­‐phase  research  project  studying  initiatives  to  increase  breastfeeding  among  Spanish  speaking  immigrants. Objective:  To  evaluate  the  addition  of  a  in  hospital  peer  supporter  initiative  to  the    existing  ¡Tengo  Leche!  breastfeeding  education  intervention  to  increase  exclusive  breastfeeding  rates. Methods:  A  two  group  quasi-­‐experimental  design  was  used  to  test  the  addition  of  Peer  support.  The  sample  (n=103)  were  a  sample  of  convenience  composed  of  pregnant  Spanish  speaking  immigrant  women  recruited  from  the  Community  Prenatal  Language  Access  Program.  From  that  n=103  of  Spanish  speaking  immigrants,  n=35  of  them  had  participated  in  the  ¡Tengo  Leche!  intervention  and  n=68  had  not.  The  additional  intervention  of  peer  support  was  applied  to  entire  sample,  whether  they  participated  in  ¡Tengo  Leche!  or  not.   Results:  Exclusive  breastfeeding  (EBF)  at  discharge  was  significantly  different  (c2  =  4.51,  p  =  .02),  where  moms  who  had  attended  ¡Tengo  Leche!  were  more  likely  to  be  exclusively  breastfeeding  at  discharge  when  they  had  both  the  ¡Tengo  Leche!  intervention  and  the  peer  support  group:  46.7%  of  exclusive  breastfeeding  in  comparison  to  those  who  only  had  the  peer  support  intervention,  24.6%.   Conclusion:  The  mothers  who  did  not  attend  the  class,  but  did  receive  the  secondary  peer  support  intervention,  yielded  very  notable  results  in  that  24.6%  of  them  were  exclusively  breastfeeding  at  discharge  as  compared  to  only  3.1%  in  the  first  study  and  prior  to  the  initiation  of  the  peer  support  intervention.  The  authors  conclude  that  both  interventions  together  yield  higher  exclusive  breastfeeding  (46.7%).  Additionally,  when  only  Peer  support  is  recorded  that  yields  significant  increases  in  exclusive  breastfeeding  among  the  Spanish  speaking  immigrants  in  this  study.  However,  ¡Tengo  Leche!  yields  higher  exclusivity  rates  as  a  stand  alone  intervention  when  compared  to  peer  support.

 

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The  Future  of  Tobacco  Cessation  Counseling  Ashley  Petrolino,  MPH,  RRT,  Assistant  Professor,  Respiratory  Care  

Traditionally  the  respiratory  care  curriculum  at  Shenandoah  University  has  mimicked  the  treatment-­‐based  focus  of  health  care  and  had  a  greater  focus  on  treatment  than  prevention.  For  this  reason  little  emphasis  has  been  placed  on  the  respiratory  therapist’s  role  in  prevention  programs  such  as  tobacco  cessation.    With  recent  health  care  shifts  towards  prevention  it  is  important  for  students  in  respiratory  care  to  be  prepared  to  provide  education  that  can  ultimately  prevent  future  suffering  for  their  patients. Prescription  for  Change  is  an  evidenced-­‐based  program  developed  by  University  of  California,  San  Francisco,  which  can  be  incorporated  into  the  current  respiratory  therapy  curriculum  at  Shenandoah  University.  The  respiratory  care  faculty  at  Shenandoah  University  has  attended  training  that  allows  them  to  train  students  in  tobacco  cessation  counseling.  This  study  proposal  employs  the  use  of  a  student  survey  prior  to  and  following  student  training  the  Prescription  for  Change  counseling  program.  Survey  questions  will  assess  the  student’s  self-­‐rated  confidence  level,  skill,  level,  and  knowledge  in  topics  such  as,  motivational  interviewing,  pharmaceutical  aids  in  tobacco  cessation,  and  their  likelihood  to  utilize  information  obtained  from  the  training. Following  IRB  approval,  all  respiratory  care  students  attending  Shenandoah  University  in  the  Spring  2016  semester  will  be  given  a  survey  prior  to  and  following  being  trained  in  the  Prescription  for  Change  counseling  program.  The  results  on  the  pre-­‐training  survey  will  be  compared  to  those  on  the  post-­‐training  survey  in  order  to  assess  the  student’s  perceived  knowledge,  skill,  and  ability  to  provide  tobacco  cessation  training  to  their  future  patients.

The  Good  Behavior  Game  in  Elementary  School:  Analysis  of  Effects  on  Target  and  NonTarget  Teachers  and  Students  Megan  Kunsman,  M.S.  Brandon  F.  Greene,  PhD,  Associate  Professor,  Psychology  

Many  elementary  and  secondary  education  teachers  enter  the  profession  unprepared  to  manage  disruptive  behavior.  In  fact,  the  majority  who  leave  the  profession  in  their  first  five  years  identify  that  problem  as  the  reason  for  doing  so.  In  this  analysis  we  supported  one  5th  grade  teacher's  effort  to  manage  her  classroom  by  installing  a  version  of  the  "Good  Behavior  Game"  and  by  rendering  ongoing  technical  assistance  to  insure  its  fidelity.  The  game  first  involves  establishing  class  rules  (e.g.,  raising  hand  to  speak;  remaining  in  seat).  The  class  is  then  divided  in  half  (two  teams)  and  the  teacher  displays  a  mark  against  the  team  whenever  a  member  violates  the  rules.  The  winning  team  is  awarded  with  preferred  privileges  (e.g.,  extra  recess).  In  addition,  both  teams  can  win  if  the  accumulation  of  marks  on  their  respective  sides  does  not  exceed  an  established  limit.  An  analysis  indicated  that  the  game  reduced  the  number  of  students  who  engaged  in  such  disruptions  from  2.2  per  minute  to  .4  per  minute.  The  effects  were  circumscribed.  That  is,  when  these  target  students  entered  other  teachers'  classrooms,  their  disruptions  continued.  In  addition,  the  teacher  who  had  implemented  the  program  successfully  in  the  one  class  we  targeted  did/could  not  do  so  in  her  other  classes  without  technical  assistance.  

The  Validation  of  an  Instrument  to  Measure  Helplessness  in  Learning  Statistics  Sarah  R.  Daniel,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor  Quantitative  Methods  Helplessness  in  learning  statistics  research  team  at  the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin:  Brandon  K.  Vaughn,  Breana  J.  Sylvester-­‐Dacy,  Dandan  Wang,  Frank  W.  Roberts,  Robert  W.  Ellis, Audrey  J.  Leroux,  Diane  L.  Schallert,  Marilla  D.  Svinicki.        

Some  students  view  statistics  as  the  worst  course  they  take  while  in  college  (Hogg,  1991).  Hence,  teachers  often  struggle  with  how  to  best  help  them  learn  statistics  and  become  practical  consumers  of  research  conclusions  based  on  statistical  analysis.  Most  work  in  this  area  approaches  the  problem  from  the  vantage  point  of  statistical  anxiety.  Up  to  this  point  in  time,  no  research  has  been  found  which  considers  a  deeper  hindrance  to  students’  learning  in  statistics  –  a  conditioning  toward  failure  or  learned  helplessness.  We  define  learned  helplessness  in  academic  situations  as  a  negative  reactionary  mindset  toward  new  learning  situations  based  on  a  student’s  faulty  interpretation  of  past  failure  in  cognitive,  psychological,  and/or  behavioral  realms.  In  other  words,  in  these  experiences  of  failure,  students  learn  to  not  try  or  to  quit  trying.  The  purpose  of  this  research  was  to  develop  an  instrument  to  measure  helplessness  in  learning  statistics  and  assess  psychometrically  its  reliability  and  validity.  In  Study  1  (N  =  361)  factor  stability,  assessed  using  exploratory  

 

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and  confirmatory  factor  analytic  techniques,  was  established  for  the  7-­‐item  Helplessness  in  Learning  Statistics  Scale  (HILSS).  In  Study  2  the  factor  structure  of  the  7-­‐item  HILSS  generated  in  Study  1  was  cross-­‐validated  using  a  sample  of  457  undergraduates.  The  convergent  and  discriminant  validities  were  also  assessed.  The  factor  structure  and  the  validity  of  the  HILSS  were  supported.  The  results  of  these  studies  support  the  reliability  and  validity  of  the  7-­‐item  HILSS  instrument.  Implications  for  use  of  the  HILSS  in  research  and  practice  are  discussed.  

Using  Pop  Culture  in  the  Classroom  Jessica  Peacock,  PhD,  Assistant  Professor,  Exercise  Science  

This  presentation  provides  review  of  a  study  on  the  attitudes  towards  and  utilization  of  pop  culture  in  the  classroom  following  survey  of  212  collegiate  faculty  at  a  midsized  public  regional  university.  Results  showed  significant  differences  among  faculty  within  various  disciplines  and  ages.  Participants  in  the  humanities  and  social  sciences  reported  utilizing  popular  culture  more  frequently  and  having  more  positive  attitudes  and  beliefs  towards  popular  culture  than  participants  in  natural  sciences  and  mathematics.    A  set  of  guidelines  is  presented  for  the  successful  incorporation  of  popular  culture  in  collegiate  teaching  focusing  on  enhancing  critical  thinking  skills  and  maintaining  academic  rigor.

Was  my  "Purpose  Pitch"  Justified?  Barry  Penn  Hollar,  PhD,  Professor,  Philosophy  and  Religion  

As  a  college  baseball  player,  I  threw  a  no-­‐hitter.  In  the  ninth  inning,  an  opposing  player  tried  to  drag  bunt  to  break  up  the  no-­‐hitter  but  he  bunted  foul.  This  is  considered  a  violation  of  the  informal  rules  of  baseball.  I  threw  the  next  pitch  at  his  head.  This  paper  offers  an  ethical  analysis  of  what  I  did.  The  first  section  argues  that  what  I  did  was  permissible  because  it  was  an  expected  response  on  the  batter's  part  to  his  known  violation  of  baseball  etiquette.  In  the  second  section,  I  will  show  that  the  previous  argument  is  persuasive  only  when  set  in  the  broader  moral  context  of  baseball  as  a  set  of  practices  that  serve  some  significant  human  good.  I  will  draw  heavily  on  Paul  Gaffney’s  The  Meaning  of  Sport:  Competition  As  a  Form  of  Language.  Gaffney  suggests  that  baseball  is  good  in  part  because  it  is  an  arena  in  which  human  beings  seek  and  gain  morally  significant  “recognition”  from  their  fellow  competitors  and  others.  Finally,  I  consider  the  possibility  that  my  pitch  could  have  caused  serious  injury  or  even  death.  I  defend  my  action  indicating  that  such  injury  was  neither  intended  nor  at  all  probable  

 

 

         

The  Faculty  Research  and  Publications  Committee  and  the  Center  for  Teaching,  Learning,  and  Technology  would  like  to  thank  everyone  who  made  this  event  possible  including  

 Adrienne  Bloss  for  her  support  and  encouragement  BSC  staff  for  their  help  with  room  arrangements  

OMC  for  helping  to  spread  the  word  ACT  for  providing  technology  assistance  

Copy  Center  for  their  outstanding  printing  services  Sodexo  for  providing  the  all-­‐important  wine  and  cheese  

All  of  the  presenters  for  their  expertise,  creativity  and  dedication