windsor hum report

7/22/2019 Windsor Hum Report

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G]B-XQ Zesearhb Irdup, Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdr, J 8V96)?- Caris, Xhdtcagl (1>2>)?- \ads, Gew Kexnhd (1>>1)?- Bueytdwg, Acajaka (1>>:)?- Veterjdrduib, Egicagl (1>>)?- Jrnstdc, Egicagl (:66>)?- ]aghduver, Jrntnsb Hdcukjna (:616)?- Yddlcagl, Lurbak (:611)?- Berjraglstdg, Yaces (:618)?

Ng eahb dm tbese hases, cdhac gewspapers bave tdcl stdrnes dm resnlegts jengi oept awaoe at acc

bdurs dm tbe gnibt, suj`eht td tbe ngterknttegt buk gdnse ng tbenr dwg bdkes agl lnsruptngi tbenr


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cnves. Xdke leshrnje tbe gdnse as snkncar td ag nlcngi lnesec eginge dr nglustrnac kahbnges ng tbe

lnstaghe. Ybnce gdt everydge ng tbese hdkkugntnes bas bearl tbe buk, mdr tbdse tbat ld, tbe buk

segsatndg ns a hdgstagt aggdyaghe, wbnhb tbey ld gdt jehdke ahhustdkel td. Yntb eahb repdrt

acsd hdkes a wnle ragie dm pdtegtnac sdurhes. Vrelnhtndgs vary mrdk kehbagnhac sdurhes(sujkarnge ahtnvnty, iegeratdrs, wdrg nglustrnac kahbnges), sdgar systeks, ralnd tdwers, agl

egvnrdgkegtac meatures (rdho maucts agl hdastac sbnmts), td bukag pbysndcdinhac trants suhb as

psyhbdcdinhac prdjceks agl tnggntus.

1.: Nkpaht dg Zesnlegts

Ybnce gdt acc resnleghe wntbng ag ammehtel hdkkugnty bear tbe Buk, sdke dm tbdse wbd ld

repdrt bearngi nt acsd leshrnje snle emmehts nghculngi cdss dm sceep agl ngsdkgna, gausea, kushce

spasks, hbrdgnh stress, lnmmnhucty hdghegtratngi, matniue, beart pacpntatndgs, bealahbes, nghreasel

tegsndg, eye strang, pngs agl geelces, nrrntajce ear pressure, persdgacnty hbagies agl dhhasndgaccy

tbduibts dm sunhnle. Gdt acc dm tbe secm-prdhcankel bukkers, summer mrdk snle emmehts jut mdr

kagy dm tbe repdrtel hases nt ns repdrtel tbat tbe quacnty dm cnme mdr tbese nglnvnluac kay je

cessegel wntb geiatnve nkpahts dg recatndgsbnps agl hareers.

Xnkncar td tbdse repdrts kegtndgel ajdve, tbe Ynglsdr Buk bas jeeg leshrnjel jy sdke wbd

bave experneghel nt as ag ngtdcerajce lnsturjaghe. Xdke pedpce wntbng tbe Ynglsdr areahdkkugntnes bave acsd repdrtel alverse beactb nkpahts nghculngi cdss dm sceep, bealahbes,

nghreasel stress agl lepressndg. \bese repdrts bave hdke mrdk tbe kelna agl lnreht

hdkkugnhatndgs jy tbdse ammehtel.

1.8 \be Ynglsdr Buk

Ybeg repdrts dm tbe Ynglsdr Buk jeiag appearngi ng :611, tbe Kngnstry dm tbe Egvnrdgkegt dm

Dgtarnd (KDE) caughbel ag ngvestniatndg tbat hdgsnlerel severac cdhac nglustrnes jut hducl gdt

nlegtnmy tbe sdurhe. Nt was hdghculel tbere were tdd kagy pdtegtnac gdnse sdurhes ng tbe area mdr

a snkpce ngvestniatndg. \bns was partnaccy lue td tbe gukjer dm nglustry agl tbe iedirapbnh

extegt dm tbe ldhukegtel hdkpcangts. As a beavy nglustrnacnzel jdrler hnty, tbe akjnegt gdnse

cevecs ng tbe ammehtel area are iegeraccy bnib as a resuct dm bnib rdal agl ranc trammnh vdcukes,

legse nglustrnac dperatndgs agl nts hcdse prdxnknty td tbe ngtergatndgac sbnppngi hbaggec agl


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Letrdnt, Knhbniag? a hnty wbnhb acsd bas beavy nglustrnacnzatndg acdgi tbe Letrdnt Znver, west dm

tbe ngtergatndgac jrnlie hrdssngi.

1.8.1 GZHag Ngvestniatndg

Mdccdwngi tbe ngntnac KDE ngvestniatndg, a sehdgl stuly dm tbe Ynglsdr Buk was hdgluhtel jy

Gatndgac Zesdurhes Hagala (GZHag) lurngi tbe sukker dm :611. GZHag ngstaccel severac

Xenskdirapb vnjratndg kdgntdrs at varndus cdhatndgs wntbng tbe Hnty dm Ynglsdr. A stuly dm

irdugl vnjratndgs was leekel ag apprdprnate apprdahb inveg tbat ngntnac repdrts suiiestel tbat

tbe Buk was tbe resuct dm irdugl-jdrge vnjratndgs. Kdgntdrngi cdhatndgs were secehtel wntbng

tbe ammehtel hdkkugntnes td cdhate tbe sdurhe dm tbe Buk lnsturjaghe. Xeverac hdghcusndgs were

kale jy tbe researhbers mdccdwngi severac kdgtbs dm lata hdccehtndg0 (n) tbe cdgi luratndg dm tbe

exhntatndgs were gdt hdgsnstegt wntb eartbquaoe dr dtber sensknh ahtnvntnes, (nn) tbe prdkngegt

mrequeghy dm tbe exhntatndg was apprdxnkatecy 85 Bz, agl (nnn) lue td tbe speel dm tbe

prdpaiatngi egeriy, tbe exhntatndg was ag anr-jdrge gdnse sdurhe agl gdt a irdugl vnjratndg.

Xakpces dm tbe resucts mrdk tbe ngvestniatndg are prdvnlel ng Appeglnx A. Jy exakngngi tbe iap

ng tnke ng tbe keasurel lata jetweeg eahb dm tbe varndus keasurekegts cdhatndgs, GZHag was

ajce td trnagiucate tbe lata td apprdxnkate tbat tbe sdurhe was cdhatel ng tbe iegerac area dm Pui

Nscagl. Inveg tbat tbe GZHag repdrt hdghculel tbat tbe Buk was tbe resuct dm ag anr-jdrge

exhntatndg, tbe gext step td cdhate tbe sdurhe sbducl je ag ahdustnhac stuly, (Jegt agl Yddlidcl

:611).

1.8.: Ugnversnty Zesearhb

A press hdgmereghe was becl ng @aguary :618 at tbe Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdr td aggdughe a melerac

idvergkegt muglel researhb prd`eht td cdhate tbe sdurhe dm tbe Ynglsdr Buk as a prdhess td

prdteht tbe quacnty dm cnme mdr hntnzegs dm Ynglsdr. \d mahncntate tbns researhb, tbe Lepartkegt dm

Mdrenig Ammanrs agl Ngtergatndgac \rale (LMAN\) hdgtrahtel tbe Ugnversnty dm Yesterg Dgtarnd

(UYD) agl tbe Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdr ngtd a `dngt researhb stuly td ngvestniate tbe sdurhe dm tbe

Ynglsdr Buk pbegdkegdg.

As part dm tbe LMAN\ hdgtraht, UYD lepcdyel kdgntdrngi equnpkegt ng tbe area dm CaXacce ng

Karhb dm :618. \be equnpkegt ns hapajce dm hdccehtngi cdw mrequeghy lata ng tbe mrequeghy


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ragie mrdk 6.1 Bz td :66 Bz. Kdst sdugls bavngi mrequeghnes ajdve :6 Bz are hdgsnlerel

aulnjce td ag averaie bukag cnsteger wbeg presegtel at summnhnegt akpcntules. \be mrequeghy

hapajncntnes dm tbe equnpkegt assurel tbat tbe prevnduscy djservel 85 Bz tdge was wntbng tbe

keasurekegt ragie dm tbe UYD equnpkegt.

A lelnhatel ekanc allress was estajcnsbel mdr cdhac resnlegts td repdrt perhenvel evegts dm tbe

Buk td anl tbe researhbers ng tbenr sujsequegt agacysns dm tbe keasurel lata. Jdtb ugnversntnes

bal ahhess td tbns ngmdrkatndg td accdw tbek td remnge tbe searhb paraketers agl td assess tbe

keasurel lata ng hdrrecatndg td tbe resnlegtnac meeljaho.

\be precnkngary resucts dm tbe UYD stuly lnl gdt kaoe agy lemngnte hdghcusndgs. Ldkngagt

mrequeghnes were mdugl td je 15-:6 Bz, 86 Bz,


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:. ZEXEAZHB AVVZDAHB AGL KE\BDLDCDI^ UGN]EZXN\^ DMYNGLXDZ

\be researhb hdgluhtel jy tbe Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdr was separatel ngtd twd pbases, (n) vacnlate

tbe exnsteghe agl hbarahternze tbe gdnse mdr tbe Buk pbegdkegdg, agl (nn) updg hdgmnrkngi tbe

sdurhe hbarahternstnh, use gdnse sdurhe nlegtnmnhatndg (GXN) tehbgdcdiy td png pdngt tbe sdurhe

ekntter? tbe dgcy ketbdldcdiy avancajce td tbe researhb teak wntbdut bavngi lnreht ahhess td tbe

Pui Nscagl cagls.

:.1 Vbase 1 Vart 10 Cdgi \erk Gdnse Kdgntdrngi

\be dj`ehtnve dm Vbase 1 was td hdgtnguduscy kdgntdr agl cdi tbe gdnse lata dm tbe ammehtel

areas. \d ahhdkpcnsb tbns, twd dutlddr gdnse kdgntdrngi terkngacs (GK\), Jrec & O`r (J&O)

\ype 8=8> GK\s, were lepcdyel. \bese ugnts are lesnigel mdr perkagegt, kdjnce, agl pdrtajce

kdgntdrngi wbere ugatteglel dutlddr gdnse (agl/dr vnjratndg) keasurekegts are requnrel. \be

GK\ barlware keets tbe NEH =1=9: Hcass 1 staglarl mdr gdnse keasurekegt, as wecc as severac

dtber staglarls nghculngi LNG


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exheelel. \be ngtegt dm bavngi tbe rehdrlel sdugl ns td hapture, nlegtnmy agl lnstngiunsb tbe

sdugl dm tbe Buk mrdk dtber iegeratel exheelaghes. Mdr eahb trniier, a 86-sehdgl rehdrlngi ns

kale agl nghculel ng a letancel lancy gdnse repdrt, wbnhb ns rehenvel jy tbe researhbers eahb

kdrgngi. Dtber ketrnhs cdiiel jy tbe GK\s nghcule a rdccngi equnvacegt egeriy cevec (Ceq)averaiel dver 5-kngute ngtervacs mdr eahb :


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Mngac Zepdrt

:.: Vbase 1 Vart :0 Bnib Zesdcutndg Lata Hdccehtndg

Ybnce tbe GK\s prdvnlel rehdrlngis mdr trniierel evegts wntb aulnd pcayjaho, as wecc as dtber

egvnrdgkegtac gdnse ketrnhs, tbe lata was cnkntel ng terks dm mrequeghy resdcutndg. Mdr tbns

reasdg, a sehdglary keasurekegt was usel td jetter quagtnmy tbe buk mrequeghy snigature agl

hdgsnstel dm a J&O Kdluce CAG-RN \ype 865= ahqunsntndg systek wbnhb bas a mrequeghy ragie

mrdk 6 Bz td 51.: oBz. A \ype mree-mnecl knhrdpbdge bavngi a cdw-mrequeghy hut-dmm dm

=.8 Bz was acsd usel. Usngi a spehnacnzel mnrkware appcnhatndg (JP-92


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Mngac Zepdrt

Buk, was ahqunrel. \be lata, inveg ng Appeglnx L, acdgi wntb tbe sdugl rehdrlngis prdvnlel

hdgmnrkatndg dm tbe Ynglsdr Buk.

:.8 Vbase :0 Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg usngi Jeakmdrkngi

Yntb tbe Buk sdugl rehdrlel agl hbarahternzel, tbe gext pbase dm tbe researhb was td cdhate tbe

sdurhe dm tbe lnsturjaghe. Lurngi tbe stuly perndl, nt was gdtel tbat dptnkuk nlegtnmnhatndg dm

tbe Buk was lurngi tbe cate evegngi agl gnibttnke. \bese are acsd tnkes dm cdwest akjnegt

egvnrdgkegtac jahoirdugl gdnse cevecs. Lue td ahhess restrnhtndgs td tbe nscagl, a researhb vessec

dwgel jy tbe Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdrs Ireat Caoes Ngstntute mdr Egvnrdgkegtac Zesearhb was

usel td iet wntbng hcdse prdxnknty dm tbe Pui Nscagl sbdre td mahncntate tbe ahqunsntndg dm GXN

lata. Mniure 8 ns ag aernac vnew dm tbe Letrdnt Znver agl Pui Nscagl. \be rel hnrhce ng Mniure 8

acsd nglnhates tbe tariet keasurekegt zdge mdr tbe GXN exerhnse.

Mniure 80 Aernac Vbdtd dm Pui Nscaglwntb Lnstaghe mrdk Nscagl td je Keasurel Karoel ng ZelA pegtagiucar array \ype YA-1=9=-Y-6: (hdkprnsngi dm tbnrty \ype 5> knhrdpbdges) was

usel as tbe GXN knhrdpbdge array. Jdtb quacntatnve agl quagtntatnve lata was hdccehtel dm tbe

Pui Nscagl snte td cdhate pdtegtnac gdnse sdurhes mdr tbe Buk. \be array ns hapajce dm dutputtngi

ahdustnhac hdcdur kaps, snkncar td tberkac nkaingi tehbgnques, td nlegtnmy agl quagtnmy sdurhes


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Mngac Zepdrt

dm gdnse dver a carie tariet area usngi ag ahdustnh jeakmdrkngi acidrntbk. Vrdluht lata agl

ngmdrkatndg sbeets leshrnjngi tbe systek are inveg ng Appeglnx J. Ahdustnh jeakmdrkngi ns a

ketbdl dm kappngi gdnse sdurhes usngi a knhrdpbdge array tbat lnshergs tbe lnrehtndg mrdk

wbnhb tbe sdugl drningates. \bns ns ahhdkpcnsbel jy ekpcdyngi a tnke lecay apprdahb as tbesdurhe passes dver tbe array dm knhrdpbdges. Usngi tbns apprdahb, agl ogdwngi tbe tariet

mrequeghnes nlegtnmnel ng Vbase 1 dm tbe researhb, tbe ank was td nlegtnmy tbe Buk snigature

wntbng tbe keasurekegt tariet zdge. A pbdtdirapb dm tbe pegtagiucar array kdugtel dg tbe

researhb vessec ns sbdwg ng Mniure


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8. ZEXUC\X

\be mdccdwngi sehtndg letancs tbe djservatndgs agl hdghcusndg resuctngi mrdk tbe lata hdccehtndg

agl agacysns exerhnses. Lnshussndg dm tbe resucts mrdk tbe sujèhtnve agl djèhtnve ketrnhs ns acsd

inveg.

8.1 Vbase 1 Vart 10 Cdgi \erk Gdnse Kdgntdrngi Zesucts

Hdgtngudus gdnse lata was hdccehtel jy tbe GK\s dver a perndl dm apprdxnkatecy snx kdgtbs mdr

wbnhb tbe lata repdrts agl sdugl mnces were exakngel dg a lancy jasns jy tbe researhbers usngi

jdtb djèhtnve agl sujèhtnve ketrnhs. Zeiucar vnsnts were acsd kale jy tbe researhbers td tbe

perkagegt GK\ snte td kangtang tbe equnpkegt agl td quacntatnvecy kdgntdr tbe gdnse cevecs agl

sdugls. Nt was gdt ugtnc tbe mnrst weeo dm @ucy tbat tbe Ynglsdr Buk was letehtel usngi tbe GK\

rehdrlngis. Nt was tbeg tbat tbe sehdglary keasurekegt systek was lepcdyel agl ag agacysns dm

tbe lata hdgmnrkel jdtb tbe prdkngegt cdw mrequeghy spehtra dm tbe gdnse sdurhe as wecc as tbe

nrreiucar ngtervacs. \be researhbers acsd djservel a spehnmnh gnibttnke dperatndg, leshrnjel as a

jrnibt jcue mcake mrdk severac exbaust stahos cdhatel dg Pui Nscagl, wbnhb hdnghnlel wntb

djservatndg dm tbe Buk sdugl. \be jcue mcakes were easncy vnsnjce mrdk tbe Hagalnag sbdrecnge,

gearcy dge oncdketer away. Ybnce tbere are kagy mahtdrs ngvdcvel, a jcue mcake ns typnhaccy ag

nglnhatndg dm bnib cevecs dm dxyieg lurngi tbe hdkjustndg prdhess, requnrel ng bnib tekperature

nglustrnac dperatndgs. Ybnce gd sdcnl recatndg hag je kale jy tbese quacntatnve djservatndgs

jetweeg tbe ahqunrel gdnse lata agl tbe spehnmnh gnibttnke dperatndgs at tbe Nscagl, nt ns

nkpdrtagt td gdte tbe hdrrecatndg. A pbdtdirapb nccustratngi tbe mcakes ns inveg ng Mniure 5.


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Mngac Zepdrt

Mniure 50 Vbdtdirapb dm Pui Nscagl agl nlegtnmnel Gnibttnke Dperatndgs Exbaust

8.: Vbase 1 Vart :0 Zesucts dm Bnib Zesdcutndg Lata Hdccehtndg

As lnshussel prevnduscy, a sehdglary equnpkegt lepcdykegt agl agacysns was harrnel dut dghe

tbe Buk was nlegtnmnel td keasure tbe sdugl wntb equnpkegt hapajce dm bniber mrequeghy

resdcutndg agacysns. Mdr tbns, a staglacdge J&O VUCXE ahqunsntndg systek was ngstaccel mdr a

sbdrt luratndg at tbe perkagegt GK\ snte gear tbe Letrdnt Znver.

\be lata hdccehtel lurngi tbe dvergnibt perndl dg @ucy 5/= was extegsnvecy assessel aiangst

kuctnpce hrnterna. \be Ynglsdr Buk snigature was kdst ldkngagt lurngi tbe earcy kdrgngi

bdurs, spehnmnhaccy jetweeg 8 AK agl < AK. \bree sbdrt terk rehdrlngis were secehtel agl

pdst-prdhessel usngi VUCXE Zemcex sdmtware usngi? (n) Mast Mdurner \ragsmdrkatndg (MM\), (nn)

dveracc tnke agacysns, agl (nnn) watermacc mrequeghy spehtruk (tbree-lnkegsndgac MM\). \be MM\

ketrnh ns ag acidrntbk td tragsmdrk tbe tnke ldkang lata ngtd tbe mrequeghy ldkang. \be dveracc

tnke agacysns hdkputes tbe sdugl pressure cevec (XVC) wntb respeht td tbe rehdrlel tnke ldkang.

\be watermacc pcdt ns a tbree-lnkegsndgac irapb dm tbe XVC versus tbe mrequeghy agl tnke

ldkangs. \be hdkpcete assesskegt dm tbe hdccehtel agl prdhessel lata ns prdvnlel ng Appeglnx

L. \bns nghcules jdtb cngear agl A-wenibtngi lata agacysns mdr eahb ketrnh. \bns lata hdgmnrkel

tbe preseghe dm a snignmnhagt agl prdkngegt cdw mrequeghy hdkpdgegt dm tbe keasurel gdnse

cdhatel at =8 Bz. A sakpce pdrtndg dm tbe lata agacyzel ns prdvnlel ng Mniures =, 9, agl 2

jecdw. \bese resucts are snkncar td tbdse djservel jy GZHag agl UYD.

Jcue Mcake


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Mngac Zepdrt

Mniure =0 Vcdt dm A-wenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. \nke mdr \nke Verndl 1

Mniure 90 Vcdt dm A-wenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy mdr \nke Verndl 1

Mniure 20 Yatermacc pcdt dm A-wenibtel XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl 1


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Mngac Zepdrt

8.8 Vbase :0 Zesucts dm Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg Keasurekegts

Mdccdwngi tbe mnrst GK\ keasurekegts dm tbe Buk gdnse, lepcdykegt dm tbe GXN systek was

gdt pdssnjce ugtnc tbe earcy kdrgngi bdurs dg Auiust ::, :618, lue td avancajncnty dm tbe researhb

jdat. Nt jehake evnlegt td tbe researhbers tbat tbe spehnmnh gnibttnke nglustrnac dperatndgs,

nlegtnmnel prevnduscy agl nccustratel ng Mniure . \be hdrrespdglngi agacysns dm tbe sdugl pdwer 1/8 dhtave

mrequeghy respdgse ns sbdwg ng Mniure 16. Mdr remereghe, ag dhtave ns tbe ngtervac jetweeg twd

pdngts wbere tbe mrequeghy at tbe sehdgl pdngt ns twnhe tbe mrequeghy dm tbe mnrst.

\be Pui Nscagl reindg ns nsdcatel agl sbdwg ng rel mdr jdtb tbe hdgtdur agl mrequeghy respdgse

mniures. Agacysns dm tbe lata sbdws tbat tbe ka`dr hdgtrnjutdr td tbe dveracc sdugl pdwer cevec

mrdk tbe reindg dm Pui Nscagl ns mrdk tbe cdw-mrequeghy gdnse hdgtegt. \bns djservatndg ns inveg

eveg ng tbe ajseghe dm tbe Buk agl prevnduscy nlegtnmnel gnibttnke dperatndgs. Nt sbducl je

gdtel tbat lue td tbe wave agl lrnmtngi kdtndg dm tbe jdat lurngi tbe lata ahqunsntndg, sdke errdr

resuctngi mrdk sdugl hdkngi mrdk, agl remcehtngi dmm dm tbe water, was letehtel. Ybnce tbns ldes

resuct ng sdke cdss dm spatnac leterkngatndg dm tbe gdnse sdurhes, nt ldes gdt rekdve tbe maht dm

tbe preseghe dm snignmnhagt keasurel cdw mrequeghy gdnse.


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Mngac Zepdrt

Mniure >0 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 1

Mniure 160 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 1


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Mngac Zepdrt

At tbe hdghcusndg dm tbe mnrst jdat trnp, tbe prnkary mdhus was ankel td exaknge tbe lata td

leterknge nm tbe ketbdldcdiy uglertaoeg was suhhessmuc, eveg tbduib Buk pbegdkegdg lnl gdt

dhhur tbat gnibt. Dghe tbe lata was exakngel, tbe ketbdl agl testngi prdhelure was remngel td

kaoe nt tbe kdst ahhurate agl reluhe pdssnjce sdurhes dm errdr lurngi muture trnps. Nt ns wdrtbgdtngi tbat lurngi tbe keasurekegt ahqunsntndg, a ldkngagt gdnse sdurhe was letehtel lurngi

keasurekegts 9 tbrduib 1:. \bns gdnse sdurhe was nlegtnmnel td je bnib-pressure steak exbaust

dperatndg (pdssnjcy part dm a kangtegaghe dr equnpkegt testngi prdhess) agl was gdt djservel

prevnduscy jy tbe researhb irdup.

\d avdnl uggehessary keasurekegts, tbe lehnsndg was kale td gdt attekpt agdtber gnibttnke trnp

wntb tbe GXN equnpkegt ugtnc tbe hbarahternstnh Buk was aiang pdsntnvecy nlegtnmnel. Hdgtnguel

gdnse kdgntdrngi dm tbe GK\ lata was tbe mdhus dm tbe researhb mrdk tbns pdngt mdrwarl.

Ugmdrtugatecy, tbe Buk lnl gdt kagnmest ntsecm aiang jemdre tbe GK\ kdgntdrs were

lehdkknssndgel ng earcy Dhtdjer. Ng maht, tbe researhbers lnl gdt jehdke aware dm agy murtber

Buk ahtnvnty ugtnc @aguary :61


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Mngac Zepdrt


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Mngac Zepdrt

jcast murgahe prdhess ns gdt appcnhajce td tbns researhb, tbe jrnem dvervnew tbat mdccdws ns mdhusel

dg a lnshussndg dm tbe hbarahternstnhs dm tbe anrmcdw (nghculngi tbe tekperature) ngtd tbe murgahe,

as wecc as tbe iegerac iedketry dm tbe staho. \bese paraketers are tbe prnghnpac meatures recatel

td tbe gdnse eknssndg cevecs. \be leshrnjel prdhesses assdhnatel wntb tbe jcast murgahe dperatndgare taoeg lnrehtcy mrdk Xteec Ydros0 \be Dgcnge Zesdurhe mdr Xteec (cast ahhessel ng Lehekjer

:618) agl are dutcngel jecdw.

\be jcast murgahe ns essegtnaccy a carie hycnglrnhac dveg, wbnhb ns usel td hdgvert kngerac dre ngtd

usajce steec mdr kagumahturngi. Hapajce dm prdluhngi 1:,666 tdgges per lay, a jcast murgahe hag

rug hdgtnguduscy mdr up td 16 years wntb dgcy sbdrt perndls dm ldwgtnke td permdrk shbelucel

kangtegaghe (Akernhag Nrdg agl Xteec Ngstntute :618). Dmteg staglngi dver :6 ketres ng benibt,

tbe staho ns tbe kdst prdkngegt meature dm tbe murgahe. Ahtngi as a muggec, tbe jrnho cngel dveg

hbaggecs raw katernacs tbrduib tbe superbeatel mcake? hbeknhaccy reluhngi agl pbysnhaccy

hdgvertngi nrdg dxnles ngtd cnqunl nrdg. A hdgveydr meels tbe tdwer wntb varyngi prdpdrtndgs dm

nrdg dre, cnkestdge, agl pethdoe wbnhb stealncy pdur ngtd tbe tdp dm tbe murgahe. \ypnhaccy tbe

raw katernacs requnre = td 2 bdurs td leshegl td tbe jdttdk (tbns ns lepeglegt dg severac dm tbe

prdhesses paraketers, suhb as tekperature, anr mcdw, eth.). At tbe sake tnke, prebeatel as anr ns

mdrhe-jcdwg ngtd tbe jdttdk dm tbe murgahe, wbnhb ashegls td tbe tdp dm tbe stahos ng

apprdxnkatecy = td 2 sehdgls agl trniiers gukerdus hbeknhac reahtndgs. \be superbeatel anr ns

mdrhel ngtd tbe jdttdk dm tbe tdwer, prdvnlngi tbe gehessary dxyieg mdr hdkjustndg. Nt egters at

jdtb bnib vdcuke agl vecdhnty tbrduib a sernes dm water-hddcel pdrts ogdwg as tuyeres? tbns

prdhess ns murtber leshrnjel jecdw. Anr egters tbe jcast zdge dm tbe murgahe nigntngi tbe pethdoe

agl hdgvertngi tbe kngerac dre agl pethdoe knx ngtd a kdcteg knxture dm scai agl pni nrdg.

\be rate dm pni-nrdg prdluhtndg ng agy inveg jcast murgahe ns prdpdrtndgac td tbe rate at wbnhb

dxyieg, as anr dr anr pcus pure D:ns jcdwg ngtd tbe murgahe. \ypnhac dperatndgac jcast rates ng tbe

murgahe are 21).

\be bnib jurgngi tekperature nghreases tbe emmnhneghy dm tbe murgahe. \d ahbneve tbns, bdt lnrty

exbaust ias ns hdccehtel at tbe tdp dm tbe murgahe agl mel tbrduib a sernes dm ias hceagngi


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Mngac Zepdrt

prdhesses td rehnrhucate tbe emmcuegt. \be exbaust ias ns re-jurgt as muec ng bdt dvegs, wbnhb

iegerates steak. \bns prdhess ns usel td hdgvert tbe tberkac egeriy mrdk tbe emmcuegt ias ngtd

kehbagnhac egeriy mdr a turjd jcdwer, hdkpressngi tbe carie akdugt dm anr requnrel ng tbe

skectngi prdhess (Akernhag Nrdg agl Xteec Ngstntute, :618). \be turjd jcdwer ns tbe mnrst step ngiegeratngi tbe superbeatel anr dutsnle dm tbe murgahe wntb mcdw-rates jetweeg 89 k

8/s agl 162

k8/s. \be jcdwg anr mcdws tbrduib tbe hdcl jcast kang up td tbe bdt stdves externdr dm tbe pcagt.

\bns hdcl jcast egters tbe stdve, wbnhb bas jeeg prevnduscy beatel jy lnrty exbaust ias mrdk tbe

staho. \be beat stdrel ng tbe stdves remrahtdry jrnho ns tbeg tragsmerrel td hdgvert tbe hdcl anr td

a bdt jcast mdrk. \be kdvngi anr tekperature at tbns staie hag je mrdk 296H td 1:=6H

lepeglngi dg tbe lesnig agl hdglntndgs dm tbe stdve. As tbe superbeatel anr exnts tbe stdve nt

egters tbe bdt jcast kang wbnhb rugs up td tbe ngtaoe at tbe jdttdk dm tbe murgahe. \bere ns a

knxer cnge hdggehtngi tbe hdcl agl bdt jcast kangs equnppel wntb a vacue td hdgtrdc tbe jcast

tekperature td oeep nt hdgstagt. \be bdt jcast kang egters ngtd a lduibgut sbapel pnpe tbat

eghnrhces tbe murgahe, gakel tbe justce pnpe. \be hnrhucar tuje lnstrnjutes tbe anr ardugl tbe

murgahe tbrduib equaccy spahel gdzzces, haccel tuyeres ardugl tbe hnrhukmereghe dm tbe

murgahe. \be gukjer dm gdzzces kay vary mrdk mdurteeg dg a skacc jcast murgahe td mdrty dg a

carie jcast murgahe. \bese tuyeres are kale dm hdpper agl are water hddcel snghe tbe tekperature

lnrehtcy ng mrdgt dm tbek kay jetweeg 1>26H agl :866H. Dnc, tar, gaturac ias, pdwlerel hdac

agl dxyieg hag acsd je ng`ehtel ngtd tbe murgahe at tbe tuyere cevec td hdkjnge wntb tbe hdoe td

recease allntndgac egeriy. \bns kay je gehessary td nghrease prdluhtnvnty. \be kdcteg nrdg agl

scai lrnp past tbe tuyeres dg tbe way td tbe murgahe beartb, wbnhb starts nkkelnatecy jecdw

tuyere cevec.


23/137

Mngac Zepdrt

jurgt dmm? agl (nv) tbe ngterknttegt recease dm carie akdugts dm steak. Xehdglary gdnse sdurhes

kay hdke mrdk dtber prdhesses dg tbe nscagl, kdst gdtajcy mrdk tbe shreegngi prdhess td sdrt

tbe jaoel hdoe pnces agl raw katernacs amter tbenr hrusbel.

95), tbe kdst ngtegse perndl dm tbns

dperatndg ns at tbe start dm tbe kectngi prdhess as tbe cariest akdugt dm kngeracs are nigntel

snkuctageduscy. Ng drler td nghrease tbe beat dm a mcake, nt requnres a ireater anrmcdw. \be

Ynglsdr Buk snigature ns ugnque ng tbe segse tbat tbe gdnse experneghel ns cnoecy td je kdstcy

hdgtangel ng tbe cdw mrequeghy lygaknhs (CML), ragingi mrdk 6 td 96 Bz. \bns ragie ns acsd

suj`eht td jdtb tbe aulnjce as wecc as tbe ngaulnjce, dr meec segsatndg. Murgahe dperatndgs hdgtangngstajncntnes hausel prnkarncy jy tekperature mcuhtuatndgs, wntb mahtdrs suhb as kdlnmnhatndgs ng

tbe katernac vdcukes, hbagies ng tbe anrmcdw, eth. hag acsd bave ag nkpaht (Hrdhoer :669). \bese

ngstajncntnes resuct ng pressure hbagies, agl nt ns sbdwg jecdw ng Mniure 11,tbe cariest spnoe ng

pressure akpcntule dhhurs ng tbe CML. Nt ns nkpdrtagt td gdte tbat Mniure 11 ns dgcy a typnhac

spehtruk lepnhtngi tbe hbagies ng pressure hausel jy tberkd-ahdustnh ngstajncntnes (Hrdhoer


24/137

Mngac Zepdrt

:669)? wntb tbns ng kngl, nt ns sbdwg tbat tbe prnghnpce spnoe ng tbe CML ns estnkatel td je ng tbe

=6 td 26 Bz mrequeghy ragie, wbnhb ns wntbng tbe sake ragie tbat tbe Ynglsdr Buk snigature

was hbarahternzel jy tbe Ynglsdr researhb teak.

Mniure 110 \ypnhac Mrequeghy Xpehtruk dm \berkd-ahdustnhaccy Ngluhel Vressure Dshnccatndgs

(Hrdhoer :669)


25/137

Mngac Zepdrt

carie pressure jurst resucts. Ybeg tbe sgdrt vacve ns receasel, nt ns ahhdkpagnel jy a prdpdrtndgac

jcast dm gdnse, wbnhb ugcess prdpercy snceghel, hag prdpaiate carie lnstaghes mrdk tbe mahncnty.

Mdrtugatecy, suhhessmuc atteguatngi keasures bave jeeg mdugl mdr emmehtnvecy reluhngi sgdrt

vacve gdnse. Eahb sgdrt vacve kay je dutmnttel wntb permdratel steec tuje cngel wntb steec wddc as

a sdugl ajsdrjngi-katernac. Yntb a carie egduib sncegher ng pcahe, tbe ngstaccatndg accdws mdr

emmehtnve atteguatndg wntb cnttce nkpaht dg tbe hapahnty dm tbe anr-lnshbarie vacve, (Ocyahbod agl

Xbnidrng 1>95).


26/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Mniure 1:0 Vbdtdirapb dm Verndlnh Xteak Zecease mrdk Pui Nscagl

95). Ugwagtel vnjratndgs are

hdkkdgcy ogdwg td prdluhe entber irdugl jdrge gdnse agl vnjratndg, kehbagnhac gdnse, dr a

hdkjngatndg dm tbe twd.

Lehreasngi tbe dperatngi speel dm tbe ugjacaghel mdrhe dr nsdcatngi tbe kahbnge mrdk tbe

surrduglngis hag dmteg emmehtnvecy reluhe tbese cevecs.


27/137

Mngac Zepdrt

5. HDGHCUXNDGX AGL ZEHDKKEGLA\NDGX

\be hdghcusndg dm tbe researhb ns tbat tbe Ynglsdr Buk ldes exnst agl bas jdtb quacntatnve agl

quagtntatnve hbarahternstnhs tbat surknse tbe cnoecy sdurhe dm tbe Buk td je mrdk tbe jcast murgahe

dperatndgs dg Pui Nscagl. Nt ns murtber hdghculel tbat tbe Buk ns aulnjce jy a hdghegtratel

pdrtndg dm Ynglsdrs west egl hdkkugnty agl dtber gearjy resnlegtnac areas. \bese hdghcusndgs

are rengmdrhel jy tbe perndlnhac gature dm tbe Buk gdnse, wbnhb bas jeeg djservel agl keasurel

jy tbe researhbers agl hdnghnles wntb tbe djservel nrreiucar dperatndgs assdhnatel wntb tbe steec

kaongi dperatndgs dg Pui Nscagl.

Nt ns rehdkkeglel tbat allntndgac gdnse keasurekegts je kale ng hcdser prdxnknty dm tbe tariet

sdurhes usngi tbe sake tehbgnques usel ng tbns stuly. Xuhb ag assesskegt sbducl mdhus dg

gnibttnke dperatngi hdglntndgs wntb ahqunrel lata hdnghnlngi wntb repdrts dm tbe Buk dg tbe

Ynglsdr snle dm tbe Letrdnt Znver. \bns bdwever, wncc requnre ahhess td tbe Pui Nscagl nm a

keagngimuc duthdke ns expehtel.

Hdcng Gdvao, Vb.L., V.Egi.

G]B-XQ Zesearhb Irdup, Ugnversnty dm Ynglsdr


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Mngac Zepdrt

=. JNJCNDIZAVB^

Akernhag Nrdg agl Xteec Ngstntute. XteecYdros - \be dgcnge resdurhe mdr steec. :618.

bttp0//www.steec.dri/ (ahhessel 1: 6=, :618).

Jegt, A.C., agl H.Z.L. Yddlidcl. Xensknh Ngvestniatndg dm tbe "Zukjcngis" ng Ynglsdr Dgtarnd.

Iedcdinhac Xurvey dm Hagala, Dpeg Mnce =>>>, :611.

Jnswas, A.O. Vrnghnpces dm Jcast Murgahe Nrdgkaongi. Jrnsjage0 Hddtba Vujcnsbngi Bduse,

1>21.

Hrdhoer, K. @. Bagljddo dm Gdnse agl ]njratndg Hdgtrdc.Bdjdoeg0 @dbg Yncey & Xdgs Ngh.,

:669.

NBXA. "Hdgstruhtndg Beactb & Xamety Kaguac - Xehtndg 8< Xteec Knccs." Ngmrastruhture Beactb &

Xamety Assdhnatndg. :618. bttp0//www.nbsa.ha/resdurhes/beactbTsametyTkaguac.hmk

(ahhessel 1: 6=, :618).

Ocyahbod, C.G., agl V.N. Xbnidrng. "Zeluhngi tbe Gdnse Cevec ng Xteec-Kectngi agl Jcast-

Murgahe Lepartkegts."Ketaccuriy9 (@ucy 1>95)0 99.

Xncjer, E.A., agl V.I. Jrdwg. Xhnegtnmnh Zesearhb td Hbarahternze agl Cdhacnze tbe Ynglsdr

Buk0 Vrecnkngary Zepdrt.Lepartkegt dm Vbysnhs agl Astrdgdky, Ugnversnty dm Yesterg

Dgtarnd, :618.

Xteec Ydros0 \be Dgcnge Zesdurhe mdr Xteec. Bdw a Jcast Murgahe Ydros. g.l.

bttp0//www.steec.dri/Kaongi%:6Xteec/Bdw%:6Nts%:6Kale/Vrdhesses/Bdw%:6A%:6

Jcast%:6Murgahe%:6Ydros%:6carry%:6says%:6td%:6lecete.aspx (ahhessel Dhtdjer

:618).Xzeoecy, @.Jcast Murgahe \ehbgdcdiy0 Xhneghe agl Vrahtnhe.Gew ^dro0 Karhec Leooer, 1>9:.


29/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR AGZHag & UYD Lata

Hdgtegts

GZHag Irdugl-jdrge ]njratndg LataUgnversnty dm Yesterg Dgtarnd (UYD) Lata


30/137

Mngac Zepdrt

GZHag Irdugl-jdrge ]njratndg Lata

A 10 Arnec ]new dm GZHag Ngstaccatndgs(Jegt agl Yddlidcl :611)Xtatndg Nlegtnmners0

KEKDKngnstry dm tbe EgvnrdgkegtUGN]Ugnversnty dm YnglsdrVDYZJrnibtdg Jeag Vdwer XtatndgC^DGVrnvate Zesnleghe dg Cydgess Avegue


31/137

Mngac Zepdrt

A :0 GZHagXdurhe Estnkatndg wntb >5% Hdgmnleghe Ngtervac (Jegt agl Yddlidcl :611)

PUI NXCAGL


32/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Ugnversnty dm Yesterg Dgtarnd (UYD) Lata

A 80UYD Kdgntdrngi Equnpkegt Cdhatndgs(Xncjer agl Jrdwg :618)


33/137

Mngac Zepdrt

A


34/137

Mngac Zepdrt

A 50UYDYavemdrk agl Xpehtrdirak Vcdts(Xncjer agl Jrdwg :618)


35/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR JJrec & O`r Vrdluht Lata Xbeets

Hdgtegts

Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngac \ype 8=8>-AXdugl Cevec Keter \ype ::56

Dutlddr Knhrdpbdge \ype 5:Ngput Kdluce CAG-RN \ype 865=

1/: Mree Mnecl Knhrdpbdge \ype Xtagl-acdge Zehdrler CAG-RN Gdtar JP 92 Knhrdpbdges)

Array Knhrdpbdge \ype 5>

VUCXE CajXbdpArray Ahdustnhs Vdst-prdhessngi Xdmtware

bttp0//www.josv.hdk


36/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngac \ype 8=8>-A

J 10 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Uses agl Meatures


37/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :0 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Vbysnhac Hdgmniuratndgs


38/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 80 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Knhrdpbdge Dptndgs


39/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J agl 8=55Gdnse Kdgntdrngi agl Agacysns


40/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 50 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Vdwer Dptndgs


41/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J =0 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Hdkpcnaghe wntb Xtaglarls aglXpehnmnhatndgs


42/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 90 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Hdkkdg Xpehnmnhatndgs


43/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 20 Gdnse Kdgntdrngi \erkngacs \ypes 8=8>agl 8=55Hdkkdg Xpehnmnhatndgs (Hdgtnguel)


44/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Xdugl Cevec Keter \ype ::56

J >0 Bagl-becl Agacyzer \ypes ::56agl ::96Uses agl Meatures


45/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 160 Bagl-becl Agacyzer \ypes ::56 agl ::96Appcnhatndgs agl Barlware


46/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 110 Bagl-becl Agacyzer \ypes ::56agl ::96Usngi tbe Vcatmdrk0 Oey Meatures


47/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 1:0 Bagl-becl Agacyzer \ypes ::56agl ::96Lnspcay Hapajncntnes


48/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 180 Bagl-becl Agacyzer \ypes ::56agl ::96Hdkpcnaghe wntb Xtaglarls agl Xpehnmnhatndgs


49/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 1


50/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Dutlddr Knhrdpbdge \ype 5:

J 150 Vrdluht Lata0 Dutlddr Knhrdpbdges\ype 5:Uses agl Meatures


51/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 1=0 Vrdluht Lata0 Dutlddr Knhrdpbdges\ype 5:Leshrnptndg


52/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 190 Vrdluht Lata0 Dutlddr Knhrdpbdges\ype 5:Leshrnptndg (Hdgtnguel) aglHdkpcnaghe wntb Xtaglarls


53/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 120 Vrdluht Lata0 Dutlddr Knhrdpbdges\ype 5:Xpehnmnhatndgs


54/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 1>0 \ragsluhers agl HdglntndgngiKnhrdpbdge Bnstdry


55/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :60 \ragsluhers agl HdglntndgngiDutlddr Knhrdpbdge Hdkparnsdg


56/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Ngput Kdluce CAG-RN \ype 86=6

J :10 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareUses agl Meatures


57/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J ::0 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareXystek Dvervnew


58/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :80 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareXystek Dvervnew (Hdgtnguel)


59/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :


60/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :50 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareHdkpcnaghe wntb Xtaglarls


61/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :=0 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareXpehnmnhatndgs


62/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :90 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareXpehnmnhatndgs (Hdgtnguel)


63/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J :20 CAG-RN Lata Ahqunsntndg BarlwareXpehnmnhatndgs (Hdgtnguel)


64/137

Mngac Zepdrt

1/: Mree Mnecl Knhrdpbdge \ype

J :>0 \ragsluhers agl HdglntndgngiKnhrdpbdge Bnstdry


65/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 860 \ragsluhers agl HdglntndgngiKnhrdpbdge Katrnx


66/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 810 \ragsluhers agl HdglntndgngiMree Mnecl Knhrdpbdges


67/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Xtagl-acdge Zehdrler CAG-RN Gdtar JP 92


68/137

Mngac Zepdrt

VUCXE Zemcex Hdre Vdst-prdhessngi Xdmtware

J 880 VUCXE Zemcex HdreDvervnew


69/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 8


70/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vegtagiucar Array \ype YA-1=9=-Y-66: (86 x 5> Knhrdpbdges)

J 850 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsBarlware agl Xdmtware


71/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 8=0 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsArrays


72/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 890 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsKeasurekegt Ketbdls


73/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 820 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsKeasurekegt Ketbdls(Hdgtnguel)


74/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 8>0 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsVcagar Jeakmdrkngi


75/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


76/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


77/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


78/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


79/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


80/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Array Knhrdpbdge \ype 5>

J Uses agl Meatures agl Leshrnptndg


81/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J Xpehnmnhatndgs


82/137

Mngac Zepdrt

VUCXE CajXbdp

J


83/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J


84/137

Mngac Zepdrt

J 0 VUCXE CajXbdpHustdknzatndg agl Vrdirakkajncnty agl Barlware


85/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Array Ahdustnhs Vdst-prdhessngi Xdmtware

J 560 VUCXE Array-jasel Gdnse Xdurhe Nlegtnmnhatndg XdcutndgsArray Ahdustnhs Vdse-prdhessngi Xunte


86/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR HVbase 1 Vart 1

Hdgtegts

Vbase 1 Vart 1 Ngstaccatndg VbdtdirapbsVbase 1 Vart 1 Keasurekegt Cdhatndgs

Vbase 1 Vart 1 Keasurekegt Lata


87/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart 1 Ngstaccatndg Vbdtdirapbs

H 10 Hdkpcete Ngstaccatndg dm Verkagegt Gdnse Xegtngec XnteHdkpcete ]new


88/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H :0 Ngstaccatndg dm Verkagegt Gdnse Xegtngec XnteBniber Vdrtndg

\ype 5:

Dutlddr

Knhrd bdge186 Yatt

Xdcar Vagec

Agtegga


89/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H 80 Ngstaccatndg dm Verkagegt Gdnse Xegtngec XnteCdwer Vdrtndg

Vdwer

HdkkugnhatndgsJdx

Gdnse Kdgntdrngi

\erkngac (GK\)

\ype ::56

Xdugl Cevec

Keter8I Kdlek


90/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H


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Mngac Zepdrt

H 50 Ngstaccatndg dm VdrtajceGdnse Xegtngec at Cdhac ZesnlegheKnhrdpbdge

\ype 5:

DutlddrKnhrd bdge


92/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart 1 Keasurekegt Cdhatndgs

H =0 Gdnse Xegtngec Kdgntdrngi Cdhatndgs

Verkagegt GK\

Cdhatndg

Vdrtajce GK\ Cdhatndg

Hajdt Avegue


Jaxter Hresegt


Inigah Hresegt


93/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart 1 Keasurekegt Lata

H 90 Gdnse Xegtngec Cnve Yej Kdgntdrngi

H 20 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtCdgi Verndl

Arnac ]new dm

GK\ Cdhatndgs

agl Gdnse Cevecs

Zeac-tnke XVC Lata Vcdt

Dge-bdur Ceq Vcdt


94/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H >0 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtXbdrt Verndl (Vart 1)

H 160 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtXbdrt Verndl (Vart :)


95/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H 110 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtCdiiel Lata (Vart 1)

H 1:0 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtCdiiel Lata (Vart :)


96/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H 180 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtCdiiel Lata (Vart 8)

H 1


97/137

Mngac Zepdrt

H 150 Xakpce Xehtndg dmGdnse Xegtngec Lancy ZepdrtXetup

H 1=0 Xakpce Xehtndg dm Gdnse Xegtngec Lancy Zepdrt Acert Lata


98/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR LVbase 1 Vart :

Hdgtegts

Vbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt VbdtdirapbsVbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt Cdhatndg

Vbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt Lata


99/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt Vbdtdirapbs

L 10 VUCXE Ahqunsntndg Xystek Xetup at GK\


100/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt Cdhatndg

L :0 Vbase 1Vart : Equnpkegt Cdhatndg agl Xurrduglngi Area

Vbase 1Vart :

Equnpkegt Cdhatndg


101/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L 80 Vbase 1Vart : Equnpkegt Cdhatndg agl Xurrduglngi AreaPddkel-ng ]new

Vbase 1Vart :

Equnpkegt Cdhatndg


102/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase 1 Vart : Keasurekegt Lata

L


103/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L =0 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (6


104/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L >0 Vcdt dm A-Yenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. \nke mdr \nke Verndl 1

L 160 Yatermacc Vcdt dm Cngear XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl 1

L 110 Yatermacc Vcdt dm A-wenibtel XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl 1


105/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L 1:0 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.: oBz) mdr \nke Verndl :

L 180 Vcdt dm A-Yenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.:oBz) mdr \nke Verndl :

L 1


106/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L 150 Vcdt dm A-YenibtelDveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (6


107/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L 120 Yatermacc Vcdt dm Cngear XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl :

L 1>0 Yatermacc Vcdt dm A-wenibtel XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl :

L :60 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.: oBz) mdr\nke Verndl 8


108/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L :10 Vcdt dm A-Yenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.:oBz) mdr \nke Verndl 8

L ::0 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (6


109/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L :


110/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L :90 Yatermacc Vcdt dm A-wenibtel XVC vs. Mrequeghy agl \nke mdr \nke Verndl 8

L :20 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.:oBz) mdr Acc 8\nke Verndls

L :>0 Vcdt dm A-wenibtel Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (68.:oBz) mdr Acc 8\nke Verndls


111/137

Mngac Zepdrt

L 860 Vcdt dm Cngear Dveracc XVC vs. Mrequeghy (6


112/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR EVbase :

Hdgtegts

Vbase : Keasurekegt VbdtdirapbsVbase : Keasurekegt Cdhatndg

Vbase : Keasurekegt Lata


113/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase : Keasurekegt Vbdtdirapbs

E 10 Vegtagiucar Array Xetup


114/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E :0 Vegtagiucar Array agl Lata Ahqunsntndg Equnpkegt Xetup


115/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 80 Pui Nscagl lurngi Vbase :Keasurekegt VerndlVbdtdirapb 1


116/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E


117/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase : Keasurekegt Cdhatndg

E 50 Aernac Vbdtd dm Pui Nscagl wntb Lnstaghe mrdk Nscagl td je Keasurel Karoel ng Zel


118/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Vbase : Keasurekegt Lata

E =0 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 1

E 90 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 1


119/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 20 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt :

E >0 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt :


120/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 160 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 8

E 110 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 8


121/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 1:0 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt


122/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 1


123/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 1=0 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 5

E 190 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt =


124/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 120 Kdlnmnel Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt =

E 1>0 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt =


125/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E :60 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 9

E :10 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 9


126/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E ::0 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 2

E:80 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 2


127/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E :

E :50 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt >


128/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E :=0 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 16

E :90 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 16


129/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E :20 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 11

E :>0 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 11


130/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 860 Hdgtdur Vcdt dver Nkaie mrdk Vegtagiucar ArrayKeasurekegt 1:

E 810 Xdugl Vdwer Cevec Mrequeghy Xpehtrac AgacysnsKeasurekegt 1:


131/137

Mngac Zepdrt

E 8:0 Vegtagiucar Array Keasurekegt Ngmdrkatndg agl Gdtes

Keasurekegt # Keasurekegt \nke (s) Gdtes/Hdkkegts

1 : Xtealy gdnse cevecs

lurngi keasurekegt

ahqunsntndg

: :

8 :< 5

5 5

= 16

9 : Xnignmnhagt jahoirduglgdnse djservel mrdk Pui

Nscagl, leterkngel jyresearhbers td je sdke

sdrt dm steak-recatelprdhess

2 :

> :

16 :

11 1

1: :


132/137

Mngac Zepdrt

AVVEGLNR MCnst dm Ogdwg Buk Zepdrts


133/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Auhocagl, Gew Peacagl

:66=-16-:: GVZ Zalnd Xbdw

\be juzz jebngl Auhocagls buk

Zdjert Xneiec, Bdst\dk Kdnr Egingeerngi Vrdmessdr at Kassey Ugnversnty was jrduibt ng td stuly nt.

:611-6=-1< DGE Gews

Auhocagl Buk

Vnppa Yetzecc (wntb \dk Kdnr)

:618-62-:6 Gdrtb Xbdre \nkes

-65-12 JJH Dgcnge

\be Jrnstdc Buk0 ^dur ]newpdngts

:618-69-:> Jrnstdc Vdst Dgcnge

Bave ydu ever bearl tbe Jrnstdc Buk4 Xhnegtnsts jammcel jy gdnse

Berjraglstdg, Yaces, Ugntel Ongildk

:618-65-12 Yesterg \eceirapb

Berjraglstdg resnlegts tdrturel jy kystery cdw mrequeghy gdnse

Bueytdwg, Acajaka


134/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Xtartel @aguary 1>>:

Hdac kngngi tdwg dm 15666 pedpce

1>>:-62> - Dgidngi

Letehtel a mrequeghy jetweeg 56Bz agl =6Bz.

1>>6-61-6= \be Beracl Xhdtcagl

Buk alls ugwechdke juzz td Caris Gnibtcnme

Nag Xutbercagl

:661-16-12 \be Iuarlnag

Ybats tbat gdnse4 Nts a hdgstagt, nrrntatngi buk tbat kaoes cnme knserajce mdr acc wbd

bear nt jut gdjdly ogdws wbat nt ns. Caura Jartdg Ngvestniates.

Caura Jartdg

Ahhessel :618-69-6=

Ceels, Ugntel Ongildk

:66>-65-1> JJH Gews

Bave ydu bearl tbe Buk4

@akes Acexagler

Cnverpddc, Egicagl

Xtartel ng :66=


135/137

Mngac Zepdrt

:662-16-6< Lancy Vdst

Kystery buk kaoes us icuk? Zesnlegts summer years dm jammcngi gdnse

Eryc Hrukp

Veterjdrduib, Egicagl, Ugntel Ongildk

1>>96

:669-16-6< Xtumm.hd.gz

Kysterndus Gdrtb Xbdre buk rekangs ecusnve

\ads, Gew Kexnhd

Xtartel ng 1>>1

]nled Upcdalel :66=-6>-6=

\bdkastdg

Xtartel ng 1>>2

:66=-65-:= Mddtbnccs Kelna Irdup

Zesnlegts nrrntatel jy buk

Xakagtba K. Mrnelrnhb

]aghduver, Jrntnsb Hdcukjna

:616-6=-6: H\] Egvnrdgkegt Zepdrter

Kysterndus Buk Barasses ]aghduver Zesnlegts


136/137

Mngac Zepdrt

Karo Xtevegsdg

Ynglsdr, Dgtarnd

:618-62-61 HJH GewsYnglsdrs Kysterndus Buk ns Zeac, Xays Zesearhber

Yeccngitdg, Gew Peacagl

:61:-16-11 8Gews

Xngiapdres mrniate Xtacwart sdurhe dm Yeccngitdg buk4

Ccdyl Jurr

:61:-16-11 8Gews

Yeccngitdg buk jehdkes gatndgwnle djsessndg

Ccdyl Jurr

bttp0//www.8gews.hd.gz/Yeccngitdg-buk-jehdkes-gatndgwnle-

djsessndg/tajnl//Lemauct.aspx

:61:-16-1< 8Gews

Kysterndus Cdw Buk Gdnse Jammces Yeccngitdg, Gew Peacagl Zesnlegts0 cdw buk gdnse

jammces Yeccngitdg resnlegts

:61:-16-1= 8Gews

Yeccngitdg buk lnsappears

Ccdyl Jurr

Yddlcagl, Lurbak

:611-6=-6> \eceirapb

\ngy vnccaie ns catest vnhtnk dm tbe \be Buk

Znhbarl Acceyge


137/137

Ydrclwnle Gews

:618-69-:9 Bummngitdg Vdst

Buk Bearl Ardugl Ydrcl Nkpahts : Verhegt Dm Vedpce Ng Buk-Vrdge Areas, XtulyXuiiests

Karh Caccagncca

windsor hum report

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