windfloat dissertation
TRANSCRIPT
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An Evaluation of the Offshore Wind Power
Potential Utilizing WindFloat Technology in
Coos Bay, Oregon
By Katelin HansonMay, 2014
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Global Offshore Trends
Table 1. Installed Global Offshore Capacity through 2012.
Source: NCI, 2013, p.4
Meanwhile in the United
States….
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The U.S. has ZERO installed
offshore wind energy
developments!
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Layout
1. Aims and Objectives
2. Context: U.S. Wind Energy Target
3. Projects: Onshore and Offshore
4. Methods
5. Main Results
6. Discussion
7. Recommendations
8. Conclusion
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1. Aims and Objectives
AIM: To compare the potential wind power of two modelled
wind farms in the U.S.
Three components:
1. U.S. 20% goal
2. Wind Atlas and Application Programme (WAsP)
3. Economic and Political Barriers
Main hypothesis: offshore wind power can generate more
power than onshore
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2. Context: U.S. Wind Energy Target
Figure 1. U.S. Electrical Energy Mix by 2030 with 20% wind scenarioSource: NREL, 2008. p.12.
• Climate change and the need for domestic clean energy
• Increased electricity demand by 39% by 2030
• Potential offshore capacity: 4,150 GW
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3. Projects: Onshore and Offshore
Main Obstacle: Continental Shelf
Source: HowStuffWorks, 2001
Source: Breton and Moe, 2009, p. 651
Figure 3. Traditional foundations for offshore wind
turbines Figure 2. Pacific and Atlantic shelves
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WindFloat Technology
Figure 4. Active ballast system
Benefits WindFloat:
1. Onshore commission
2. Less environmentally
invasive
3. Can hold larger
turbines
4. Allows access to
higher wind resources
Source: Principle Power Inc., 2011
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• Department of Energy (DOE) granted 7 projects each $4
million for engineering, design and permitting
• Offshore: WindFloat Pacific
• Onshore: Biglow Canyon
Figure 5. Oregon’s existing onshore wind farms and 8
manufacturing facilities
Source: American Wind Energy Association, 2014
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4. Methods
Four Scenarios:
Offshore:
1) 5 (6 MW) turbines
2) 200 (6 MW) turbines
3) 200 (1.65 MW) turbines
Onshore:
1) 200 (1.65 MW) turbines
WAsP: tool for wind data analysis, wind atlas generation, and
wind climate estimation
Source: Western Regional Climate Center, 2014
Figure 6. Wind Atlas data for Coos Bay
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5. Main Results
WAsP map of WindFloat
Pacific 200 turbine wind farm
and the average Oregonian
households supplied
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6. Discussion
Predicted Power Production
– More homes than Coos Bay and North Bend
– Upscale with the same turbine capacity
– WindFloat produces four-times Biglow Canyon
Limitations
– Turbine Editor tool
– Operational variation
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6. Discussion
Key Barriers- High cost of development
- Transmission and infrastructure challenges
- Uncertainty regarding regulation, leasing, and permitting
Political Support- Power Purchase Agreements
- Offshore Renewable Energy Credits
- Renewable Production Tax Credits
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7. Recommendations
1. WAsP: turbine data from manufacturers
2. Federal and state agencies set ambitious goals and
stable subsidies
3. Extending tax incentives
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8. Conclusion
• Hypothesis supported
• WindFloat allows for higher energy production
–Drives down market prices
• Permanent legislation and subsidies
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References
American Wind Energy Association, 2014. State Wind Energy Statistics: Oregon. [online] Available at: < http://www.awea.orgResources/state.aspx?ItemNumber=5189>. [Accessed on 14 April 2014].
Breton, S. and Moe, G., 2009. Status, plans and technologies for offshore wind turbines in Europe and North America. Renewable Energy, 34 (3) p. 646-654.
How stuff works, 2001. Why are the waves on the U.S. West Coast larger than the waves on the East Coast? [online] Available at: < http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/oceanography/question623.htm> [Accessed on 12 October 2013].
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2008. 20% Wind Energy by 2030: Increasing Wind Energy’s Contribution to U.S. Electricity Supply. [pdf] TN: U.S. DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Available at: <http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy08osti/41869.pdf>. [Accessed 27 January 2014].
Navigant Consulting, Inc. (NCI), 2013. U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development. U.S. Department of Energy, TN. Available at: < http://www1.eere.energy.gov/wind/pdfs/us_offshore_wind_supply_chain_and_manufacturing_development.pdf> [Accessed on 8 April 2014].
Principle Power Inc., 2011. Principle Power’s WindFloat. [video online] Available at: < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IO7GXLR4YUo>. [Accessed on 25 February 2014].
Western Regional Climate Center, 2014. North Bend (AWOS) Oregon. [online] Available at: < http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/wea_windrose.pl?laKOTH>. [Accessed on 15 March 2014].