Wind LoadingBackgroundStandardsDesign

Wind Loading

Wind Loading

Wind Loading

Wind LoadingCP3: Chapter V: Part 2Code of basic data for the design of buildings Chapter V . Loadings Part 2. Wind loadsBS 6399-2:1997Loadings for buildings Part2: Code of practice for wind loads

Wind Loading - CP3Wind Speed - 3 second gustExposureOpen CountryOpen Country, scattered wind breaksSmall towns, outskirts of citiesCity centresBuilding Height

Wind Loading - BS6399Wind Speed - hourly meanHeight above sea levelDistance from seaExposureTownCountryBuilding height

Wind Loading - BS6399Standard MethodDirectional Method

Wind Loading - BS6399Site Wind Speed Vs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x SpVb Basic wind speedSa Altitude factorSd Direction factorSs Seasonal factorSp Probability factor

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399Altitude factorSa = 1+ 0.001x Height above sea levelIf topography not significantAs a generalisation any building more than half-way up a hill, or an on a ridge or cliff will have increase wind loading and a more detailed calculation of Sa will be required

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399Sd Direction factor

Wind Loading - BS6399Ss Seasonal factor = 1Sp Probability factor = 1 1 in 50 years storm

Example calculationVs = Vb x Sa x Sd x Ss x SpSa =1.005Sd =1Ss = 1Sp = 1Vs = 16.63 x 1.01 x 1 x 1 x1 = 16.80 m/s

Wind Loading - BS6399Effective wind speed Ve = Vs x Sb

Sb = Terrain & Building FactorSite in town or countryDistance from the sea

Wind Loading - BS6399

Example calculationVe = Vs x SbSb = 1.97 for distance 30 km from sea and He = 26.2 mVe = Vs x Sb = 16.80 x 1.932 = 32.5 m/sBuilding size:H = 26.2 mL = 44.3 m

Wind Loading - BS6399Dynamic Pressureqs = 0.613 x Ve2 qs = 0.613 x (32.5)2 = 647.5 N/m2 = 0.65 kN/m2

Wind Loading - BS6399Pressure to structureExternal pressurepe = qs x Cpe x CaCpe is the external pressure coefficientCa is the size effect factor = 1

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399Internal pressurepi = qs x Cpi x CaCpi is the internal pressure coefficientCa is the size effect factor = 1

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399Wind Loadsp = pe - pi

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399

Wind Loading - BS6399

Malaysia Wind Map

Wind speed gust

*Sources of data: Razali, A.M et al, Mapping of Annual Extreme Wind Speed Analysis from 12 Stations in Peninsular Malaysia

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