Name _______________________ W.G __________

Year 9 Weather & Climate Work booklet 1

Keywords to be learned for this unit of work

Advanced – 20 words to learn Intermediate – 15 words to learn Foundation – 10 words to learn

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Economic impact ProtectionEnvironmental impact Secondary effectsImmediate responses Social impactExtreme weather Tropical stormLong-term responses AdaptationManagement strategies MitigationMonitoring Climate changePlanning Quaternary period Prediction Orbital changesPrimary effects Solar outputGreenhouse gases Global Atmospheric Circulation

Lesson 1- Where do Tropical Storms form?

Learning Objectives-• To be able to describe the global distribution of Tropical Storms.

To be able to give specific countries affected by Tropical Storms.

Activity 1-

Watch the following clip about Tropical Storms.

As you watch you need to list the top 10 most destructive storms in the spaces below and the year they took place.

Here is the link- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SfmhrRrEk0A

Name Year Name Year10. 5.9. 4.8. 3.7. 2.6. 1.

Activity 2-

You noticed by completing the table and watching the clip that some places in the world are more vulnerable to tropical storms than others.

1. Using an atlas or a map of the world on the computer; you need to label the world’s oceans.

2. Complete the map on the other side. Make sure you include:a. ALL the information on the resource mapb. The Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceansc. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricornd. Five countries affected by tropical storms

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3. Complete the following sentences. (Use countries and oceans in your answer).

Hurricanes are found……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………

Typhoons are found…………………………………….………………………….……………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Cyclones are found………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………

Activity 3-

Tropical storm location exam style question

Using your map, describe the location of the areas where tropical storms form. (4 marks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Foundation students- a basic description Intermediate students- to include at least 3 pieces of information in your answer. Advanced students- to include at least 6 pieces of information in your answer.

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Lesson 2- How do Tropical Storms form?

Learning Objectives-

• To be able to explain how tropical storms form.

Activity 1-

What conditions are needed for Tropical Storms to form? Match the top to the tail…

Warm water (sea temperatures 26.5◦C or higher)

A thunderstorm is needed to begin with as warm moist air rises.

Low air pressure The tropics (Between 5◦ and 30◦)

Tropical winds- Not too strong! Late summer and autumn when sea temperatures are the highest.

Where are all of these conditions found? These spin away from the equator due to the Earth’s spin

Activity 2-

Watch the following clips,

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4xI1cqyUf74 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFD3EE3mlAE

Now, Put the statements in the correct order to complete a flow map of how a tropical storm forms. Add a symbol/picture/doodle top each box to help you remember.

Warm air (from the sea surface) and low pressure (from a thunderstorm) combine and warm air starts to rise.

More warm air rises and due to the Earth’s rotation starts to move in a spiral.

The air starts to rise faster and cooler air is sucked downwards. Wind speed starts to increase.

As air cools and condenses, forming clouds, releases latent heat energy that adds to the power of the storm.

As the air rises, more air rushes in to replace it. This air is also heated and moistened by the ocean surface.

The tropical storm continues to move over the ocean, picking up warm moist air to fuel itself.

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Activity 3-

Watch the following video link- https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/00000144-0a26-d3cb-a96c-7b2fe0270000

Now, number the following 6 statements about Hurricane Katrina in order.

Number:

Surrounding the eye are bands of heavy rain and very

high winds.

Number:

Warm, humid air rises, cools and condenses to form clouds.

More air spirals in to fill the gap left from the rising air.

Number:

Air descends at the centre of the hurricane. The eye is an

area of calm conditions with a ring of clouds surrounding it.

Number:

All tropical storms take their distinctive, anticlockwise

spiralling shape because of the Coriolis Force, generated by the rotation of the Earth.

Number:

The warm air continues to rise and sucks in more air.

Number:

Hurricane Katrina travelled westwards across the Gulf of

Mexico; it gained more moisture and its speed

increased.

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Activity 4

What links the location and conditions needed for hurricane Katrina to form?

…………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

Activity 5

You now need to complete this last task…

Foundation- You need to write down two conditions needed for tropical storms to form. Intermediate- You need to describe in your own words the six steps of tropical storm

formation. Advanced- You need to explain how tropical storms form…

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Lesson 3- What are the features of a tropical storm?

Learning Objectives-

• To be able to describe the features of a tropical storm.

Activity 1-

On the photograph, have a go at labelling the following features.

Activity 2-

Watch the following clip. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-SnxC-BkPo&feature=youtu.be&t=2m1s

You need to make key notes on what you watch. (Think also what you see and hear during the clip).

Foundation= 5 key notes written Intermediate= 7 key notes written Advanced= 10 key notes written

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 3-

Define the following …. You might want to use a dictionary to help you. Remember the terms are in reference to tropical storms.

Eye: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Eye wall: …………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………………………

Track: …………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………..…………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………..……………….

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Eye

Eye wall

Arm

Track

Vortex

Were you right?

Activity 4-

Complete the diagram below.

a. Label the eye, eye wall and rainbandsb. Create a key for the coloured in the arrows. c. Mark everywhere with a thunderstorm with a T and calm conditions with a C

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Look closely at this diagram.

It shows the key features of a tropical storm very clearly.

Activity 5-

Why does a tropical storm spin? Watch the following clip about the Corolis effect. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/coriolis-effect/

The Coriolis effect bends and spins the warm rising air. The spinning can be seen in satellite images. Hurricanes in the northern hemisphere bend to the right, which causes the clouds to swirl anti-clockwise, whereas cyclones in the southern hemisphere swirl in a clockwise direction.

Activity 6-

Read the following paragraph and then answer the question in detail.

What direction do tropical storms travel?Tropical storms travel from east to west due to the direction in which the Earth spins. When they hit land they lost their energy source from the sea that powered them. As they pass over land, friction also slows them down. As they lose energy they change direction. This exact direction and speed is unknown. However, tropical storms in the northern hemisphere track north and tropical storms in the southern hemisphere track south. An average tropical storm as a lifespan of approximately one to two weeks.

What happens to a tropical storm when it reaches land? (Foundation- describe, Intermediate & Advanced- explain)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Write a short paragraph to explain what causes tropical storms to spin. The Coriolis effect.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….

Lesson 4- What are the effects of a tropical storm?

Learning Objectives-

• To be able to identify the four main effects of a tropical storm. • To be able to explain the factors that influence the number of people affected.

Activity 1-

The Saffir-Simpson wind scale is used to measure hurricanes. The scale was updated in 2012 and is now based on wind speed, which is considered easier to understand. (Previously, storm surge, flooding impact and central pressure were included, but surges and flood are influenced too much by local conditions.) The higher the category scale, the higher the intensity of the tropical storm. You need to watch the following clip… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptXyLkRevw4

Cate

gor

y

Win

d sp

eed

Description Diagram

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119-

153

km/h

Low level of damage. Roof coverings could be partly removed. Mobile homes and carports could be destroyed. Glass could be broken and people and livestock could be injured or killed by flying debris. Large branches of trees could break. Power cables could be damaged, resulting in power cuts.Example:

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154-

177

km/h

Moderate damage. All types of mobile homes and flimsy structures could be destroyed or shredded by flying debris. Roof structures on poorly constructed houses could be ripped off and unreinforced buildings could be damaged.Example:

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178-

208

km/h

Extensive level of damage. People and livestock would risk death from flying debris. Older buildings, such as those made of metal could collapse. Windows could be blown out or smashed from flying debris. Trees could become uprooted. Gable ends and temporary structures, such as decking would be destroyed.Example:

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209-

251

km/h

Extreme level of damage. Well-built homes can be damaged and poorly built homes can be completely destroyed. Windows from many buildings would be blown out. Signs and fences would be ripped out. Power cuts and water shortages would be significant.Example:

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Grea

ter t

han

252

km/h

Catastrophic level of damage. Complete devastation. People and livestock could be killed even if indoors. Total destruction of homes regardless of age or building type. Damage from flying debris catastrophic. Industrial buildings destroyed. Significant power cuts and water shortages.Example:

Now, complete the table. Remember your named tropical storm example was stated in the video clip you just watched. Your diagram is an image of the damage caused. You might want to google diagrams you can use.

Activity 2-

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Can you work out the effects of tropical storms from the picture clues? Write your answers in the adjacent boxes.

Activity 3-

A storm surge is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones, intense storms also known as typhoons or hurricanes. The storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, which can lead to flooding. This makes storm surges very dangerous for coastal regions.

What two factors cause a storm surge?

a. …………………………….…………………………….…………………………….

b. …………………………….…………………………….…………………………….

Activity 4 –

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Organise the following factors below into the table.

1. Higher land 13. Good communications and warnings

2. Low wind speed 14. Storm path was not as predicted

3. Means to move inland e.g. transport 15. Sturdy building materials

4. Low population density 16. Low lying land

5. Roads are not blocked 17. Short and long term aid available

6. Light weight building materials 18. High population density

7. Funnel shaped bays 19. Lack of communications and warnings

8. Cliffs on coastline 20. Low storm surge

9. Cold air joins, reducing the energy 21. Lack of aid

10. Electricity supplies resume quickly 22. Storm path was as predicted

11. Coastal location 23. Strong economy

12. High storm surge 24. High wind speeds

More people will be affected if… Fewer people will be affected if…

Intermediate and Advanced students: Highlight the human factors in red and the physical factors in green.

Activity 5 –

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Read the following and then answer the questions below about the effects of tropical storms.

Tropical storms have significant effects on people and environments. The impacts of a tropical storm are strong winds, torrential rainfall and storm surges (when the sea level rises rapidly and particularly high due to the storm). Landslides and tornadoes can also be caused by tropical storms.

Wind speeds are at least 119 kilometres per hour. They can demolish houses across whole towns and villages, destroy infrastructure such as electricity power lines, and wipe out crops. These are primary effects. The amount of destructions will depend on the storm’s strength and how well people and property are protected.

Flooding is caused by the heavy rain and storm surges. Storm surges can be up to five metres and are driven by the wind pushing seawater onto the coastline. Heavy rainfall can be up to 500 millimetres falling within 24 hours. The cause of death for the majority of victims is due to flooding.

Aid is hampered as roads are flooded. Torrential rain can also trigger landslides, causing further devastation. Furthermore, water supplies can be contaminated with seawater, sewage and industrial waste, which increases the risk of waterborne diseases such s cholera. These are secondary effects.

a. Define what is meant by the term primary effect. ………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

b. Define what is meant by the term secondary effect.………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

c. List three ways tropical storms affect people. ………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

d. List three ways tropical storms affect the environment. ………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Check learning

• Foundation- I can identify the 4 main effects of tropical storms

………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Intermediate- I can describe and begin to explain the main effects of tropical storms. ………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

• Advanced- I can explain the factors influence the number of people affected

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