wildlife vehicle collision reduction study. why this study
TRANSCRIPT
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Wildlife Vehicle Collision Reduction Study
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WhyThisStudy
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Study Results
Crash DataImpacts of CrashesCost of CrashesMinimization MeasuresWhat’s Next
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Crash Data
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Total WVCs and Total Crashes by Total WVCs and Total Crashes by YearYear
(Data Source: GES)(Data Source: GES)
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0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
FY02-03 FY03-04 FY04-05 FY05-06
Fiscal Year
Ann
ual W
VCs
Annual WVCs Estimated by Annual WVCs Estimated by Insurance IndustryInsurance Industry
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Monthly Distribution of WVCs
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Pro
port
ion
of
Collis
ion
sFARS HSIS GES
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Time-of-Day DistributionTime-of-Day Distribution
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23
Hour of Day
Pro
port
ion
of
Collis
ion
s
FARS
GES
HSIS
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WVCs by Number of LanesWVCs by Number of Lanes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Number of Lanes
Perc
en
t of
Accid
en
ts
WVC
ALL
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Crashes by Average Daily TrafficCrashes by Average Daily Traffic
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1 to5000
5001-10,000
10,001-15,000
15,001-20,000
20,001-25,000
25,001-30,000
30,001-35,000
>35,000
ADT
Pro
port
ion
of
Collis
ion
s
ALLWVC
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Age Distribution for All Age Distribution for All Crashes and WVCsCrashes and WVCs
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91
Driver Age
Pro
port
ion
of
Collis
ion
s
AllWVC
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Accident Distribution by Posted Accident Distribution by Posted Speed LimitSpeed Limit
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
Speed Limit
Pro
port
ion
of
Accid
en
ts
ALL
WVC
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Costs OfCrashes
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Estimated Costs of WVC Estimated Costs of WVC (Deer, Elk, and Moose)
Up to $8 billion annually. Injury,
property damage, crash scene response and
investigation.
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Severity of Injury Distribution Severity of Injury Distribution for WVCs vs. All Crashesfor WVCs vs. All Crashes
WVCs Only1.7% 0.5%
2.3%
95.4%
0.04%
NonePossibleMinorSevereFatal
All Collisions
68.3%
17.6%
9.4%4.3%
0.5%
NonePossibleMinorSevereFatal
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MinimizationMeasuresfor Reducing WVCs
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Long Tunnels and Long Long Tunnels and Long BridgesBridges100% effective in WVC reductions, but very expensive
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Wildlife Fencing
Wildlife fencing along US Hwy. 93 on Flathead Indian Reservation, MT
80-99% reported reductions in WVCs
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Wildlife Crossing with Fencing
87% average reduction in WVCs
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Promising Mitigation Measures
to be Further Investigated
2 Most Promising
Animal detection Systems Reduce speed by traffic calming or reducing the design speed
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Mitigation measure Cost ($
/km /yr))
% DVC Reductio
n
Benefit ($ /km /yr))
Balance ($ /km /yr))
Standard warning signs $18 0% $0 -$18
Anti-fertility treatment $61,702 50% $20,970 -$40,732
Long bridges $781,250 100% $41,940 -$739,310
Long tunnels or long bridges
$1,500,000 100% $41,940 -$1,458,060
Animal detection systems (ADS)
$31,300 82% $34,391 $3,091
Population culling $2,508 50% $20,970 $18,462
Relocation $10,260 50% $20,970 $10,710
Fence (incl. dig barrier) $3,760 87% $36,488 $32,728
Fence with gap and crosswalk
$5,585 40% $16,776 $11,191
Fence with gap and ADS $9,930 82% $34,391 $24,461
Fence with underpasses $5,860 87% $36,488 $30,628
Fence with overpasses $26,485 87% $36,488 $10,003
Fence with under- and overpasses
$7,510 87% $36,488 $28,978
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Measures For Which Research or Construction Resources
Should Not Be Used• Standard wildlife warning signs• Deer reflectors and mirrors • Audio signals in the right-of-way or deer whistles on vehicles• Olfactory repellants• Deer flagging models• Hazing• Intercept feeding• Wildlife relocation in order to reduce population size• Anti-fertility treatment in order to reduce population size• Seasonal road closures• Reflective collars placed on wildlife
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What’s Next
WVC training manual
WVC training course