Wildlife of Nepal

• 0.03% of total land area

• Holds 25th position globally in terms of biodiversity richness

• 11th position in Asia

TaxonsSpecies numbers

Global Nepal

1.Bacteria2.Lichens3.Fungi4.Algae5.Bryophytes6.Pteridophytes7.Gymnosperms8.Angiosperms9.Platyhelminthes10.Spiders11.Insects12.Butterflies and moths13.Fishes14.Amphibians15.Reptiles16.Birds17.Mammals

3000-40002000069000260001660011300529

2200001220073400

751000112000181504184630090404000

-465 (2.3)

1822 (2.6)687 (2.6)853 (5.1)380 (3.4)28 (5.3)

5856 (2.7)168 (1.4)144 (0.2)

5052 (0.7)640 (2.6)182 (1.0)43 (1.0)100 (1.6)867 (9.4)185 (4.5)

S.N Endemic animals of Nepal

1. MammaliaApodemus gurkha (Himalayan field mouse)

1. AvesTurtoides nepalensis (Spiny Babbler)

1.2.

ReptiliaScincella capitanea (Lizard)Xenochrophis flavipunctatus schnurenberbergerii (Aquatic snake)

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

AmphibiaScutiger nepalensisRana ercepeaRana minicaRana nepalensisRana pierreiRana raraRana rostandiRana teraiensisTomopterna swani

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

PiscesBarillius jalkapporeiSchizothorax nepalensisSchizothorax macrophthalmusSchizothorax annandaleiSchizothorax rarensisPsilorhynchus pseudecheneisLepidocephalichthys nepalensisPseudentropius murius batraensis

Scutiger nepalensis

Spiny babbler

Protected wildlife of Nepal

Black Buck

Red panda

Black Stork

Gharial

Yellow Monitor lizard

IUCN Red List categories

EXTINCT (EX)A taxon is Extinct when there is no reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. A taxon is presumed Extinct when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon’s life cycles and life form.

EXTINCT IN THE WILD (EW)A taxon is Extinct in the Wild when it is known only to survive in cultivation, in captivity or as a naturalised population (or populations) well outside the past range. A taxon is presumed Extinct in the Wild when exhaustive surveys in known and/or expected habitat, at appropriate times (diurnal, seasonal, annual), throughout its historic range have failed to record an individual. Surveys should be over a time frame appropriate to the taxon's life cycle and life form.

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR)A taxon is Critically Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Critically Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Eg:- Pigmy hog (Sus salvanius), Slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris),White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), Red-crowned Roofed Turtle (Kachuga kachuga)

ENDANGERED (EN)A taxon is Endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Endangered, and it is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. Eg:- Elongated Tortoise (Indotestudo elongata), Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris), Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica)

VULNERABLE (VU) A taxon is Vulnerable when the best available evidence indicates that it meets any of the criteria A to E for Vulnerable, and it is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. Eg:-Swamp Deer (Cervus duvauceli), Gaur Bison (Bos gaurus), Assamese Macaque (Macaca assamensis)

NEAR THREATENED (NT) A taxon is Near Threatened when it has been evaluated against the criteria but does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future. Eg:-Satyr Tragopan (Tragopan satyra), Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)

LEAST CONCERN (LC)A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category. Eg:- Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

DATA DEFICIENT (DD)A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. A taxon in this category may be well studied, and its biology well known, but appropriate data on abundance and/or distribution are lacking. Data Deficient is therefore not a category of threat. Listing of taxa in this category indicates that more information is required and acknowledges the possibility that future research will show that threatened classification is appropriate. It is important to make positive use of whatever data are available. In many cases great care should be exercised in choosing between DD and a threatened status. If the range of a taxon is suspected to be relatively circumscribed, if a considerable period of time has elapsed since the last record of the taxon, threatened status may well be justified. Eg: Bay Horseshoe Bat(Rhinolophus subbadius)

NOT EVALUATED (NE)A taxon is Not Evaluated when it is has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

Critically endangeredPigmy hog (Sus salvanius)White rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)

EndangeredBengal Tiger (Panthera tigris)Gangetic Dolphin (Platanista gangetica)

VulnerableSwamp deer (Cervus duvauceli)Gaur Bison (Bos gaurus)

Near ThreatenedGreat hornbill (Buceros bicornis)Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata)

Least Concern Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus)Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

Data deficientBay horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus subbadius)

Importance of wildlife

1.Ecological value2.Economic value3.Medicinal value4.Scientific value5.Genetic value6.Aesthetic value7.Survival value