wildlife management lalani & chhandama
TRANSCRIPT
8/3/2019 Wildlife Management Lalani & Chhandama
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WILDLIFE
MANAGEMENT
Dr. LALLIANPUII KAWLNI
&
Dr. C. LALCHHANDAMA
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Introduction
Attempts to balance the needs of wildlife with theneeds of people using the best available science.
Can include game keeping, wildlife
conservation and pest control. Wildlife management is interdisciplinary.
Nearly all wildlife management actions arecontroversial because humans have different
opinions about how wildlife should be managed.
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Definitions / Terminology
Wildlife: The whole native and uncultivated faunaand flora of a particular country. (IBWL, 1970)
Wildlife management: The science and art ofchanging the characteristics and interactions of
habitats, wild populations, and such in order toachieve specific human goals by means ofwildlife resource. (Robert H. Giles, 1984)
The application of ecological knowledge to
populations of vertebrate animals and their plantand animal associates, in a manner that strikes abalance between the needs of populations andthe needs of people. (Bolen & Robinson, 2003)
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Definitions / Terminology
Carrying capacity: The amount of wildlife each habitatcan support throughout the year.
Habitat: An arrangement of food, water, shelter orcover, and space suitable to animals’ needs.
Breeding Potential: Capacity of the organism toproduce offspring irrespective of the number of theirsurvival to maturity.
Ecosystem: A natural unit that includes living and
nonliving parts interacting to produce a stablesystem in which the exchange of materialsbetween the living and nonliving parts followclose paths; all living things and theirenvironment in an area of any size.
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History of Wildlife Management
Ancient: example Egypt round up animals to be
counted & census
Kill poachers Train and raise hunting
cheetahs
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History of Wildlife Management
Middle Ages:Gamekeepers
Kill poachers
Census Train hunting dogs
Arrange hunting parties
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History of Wildlife Management
Modern: European – landowner own species, much
variation in protection US – government now
owns wildlife - private land
1800’s hunting regulations
developed, management =stricter regulations
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History of Wildlife Management
1930’s Aldo Leopold
Father of Wildlife Management
Game Management
“We abuse land because we regard it as a commoditybelonging to us. When we see land as a community towhich we belong, we may begin to use it with love andrespect.”
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History of Wildlife Management
1937 Pittman
Robertson Act 10% tax on firearms
and ammo
Game species only “managed”
First money directed towards management
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History of Wildlife Management
1960’s & 1970’s Attitude
shift
Protect nature
Recognize value of all animals
Spiritual, emotional
Maximum vs optimum yield
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Wildlife Management and Conservation
Wildlife conservation: Wildlife remain in the nature
in peak status.
Main objective is tomaintainnatural-balance.
Wildlife management: Conservation and
management ofwildlife
to meet the specificobjectives of human-beings.
Wildlife resource ismanaged along with
conservation so thatspecific benefits may
beobtained from them.
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a) Preservation of Speciesb) Maintenance of Population of Useful Species
c) Stabilizing of Decreasing Population of CertainSpecies
d) Limiting Utilization of Annual ProductiveCapacity
e) Conservation of Biodiversity
f) Maintenance of Habitat
g) Strengthening Human-life
Objectives of Wildlife Management
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Need of Wildlife Management
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Types of Wildlife Management
Great Indian Bustard
1. Manipulative management Altering an animals living environment. Adding food supplies to the animal’s habitat,
removing predators, vaccinating the animals toprevent diseases are all part of this.
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Recent Habitat Management in Great Indian
Bustard Sanctuary (Solapur, Maharastra)
Bustards need openhabitatfor the followingpurposes:● Nesting● Display
● Foraging
Bustards prefer wideopen short grass plainsand open scrubland withscattered trees.
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Recent Habitat Management in Great Indian Bustard
Sanctuary (Solapur, Maharastra)
Extensive study done by
Dr. Asad Rahmani & othersclearly recommended needfor active habitatmanagement. (Rahmani, A.
R. 2002. BNHS).
In some of the areas, treeswere planted by the forestdepartment which havebecome extremely thick inthe past years & grasslandhas been converted towoodland.
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Recommendations? No tree planting
Maintenance ofgrassland
Recent Habitat Management in Great Indian Bustard
Sanctuary (Solapur, Maharastra)
Theseobservationssuggest theacceptance of
newly openedhabitat by GreatIndian Bustardand also by
various other birds ecies.
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Types of Wildlife Management
2. Custodial management
Taking animals into custody to places such asecological parks or sanctuaries and provide them withessential needs (food, water, etc.) to prevent theirpopulation from dwindling.
E.g. One Horned Rhinoceros, Pigmy Hog
Pigmy Hog (Porcula salvania )
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Reintroduction of Pigmy Hog
World's smallest and rarest
pig.
In 1961, pygmy hogs were
thought to be extinct, but theywere accidentally rediscoveredin 1971 in Assam in a local teamarket.
The only viable population ofthe species exists in the ManasTiger Reserve and nowhereelse in the world.
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Conservation Action Plan for Pigmy Hog
Conservation breeding with aims to reintroduce them toselected sites from where they have disappeared, and asan insurance against the possible early extinction of thespecies in the wild.
Upgrading the (legal as well as actual) protection statusof the above sites; field research to plan idealmanagement practices for maintenance of optimaldiversity of these habitats and mechanism to implementthe recommendations;
Reintroduction of viable number of pygmy hogs.
Monitoring and modifying management practices topromote survival of all original inhabitants of suchhabitats.
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Captive Breeding of Pigmy Hog
In 1996, six wild hogs (2 males,4 females) were caught fromManas National Park andtransferred to a custom builtresearch and breeding centrebuilt at Basistha near Guwahati.
Sixteen captive bredpygmy hogs (7 males, 9females) were releasedin Sonai Rupai WildlifeSanctuary, Assam in May2008.
A released hog caught in camera trap
Pigmy hog sow with newborn babies
A 10 days oldpygmy hogbaby
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Wildlife Management Techniques
Reforestation
Nitrification and denitrification
Pest control
Irrigation
Coppicing, and Hedge laying.
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Components of Wildlife Management
Wildlife Population Habitat
People
Fig. Showinginter-relationship &interactions
among differentcomponents ofwildlifemanagement
(diagrammatic)
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Planning of Wildlife Management
Wildlife Census: present status in a habitat. Measurement of Productivity: productivity of
animal is compared with standard to find out thepresent situation.
Diagnosis of Control Measures: To access thefactor which is hampering in the growth of populationof the same species
Treatment: Application of
` controlling-measure to
overcome the problem of
limiting factor after its diagnosis.
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Conclusion
Wildlife management requires knowledge of speciesecology, biology, behaviour, and physiology.
Additional knowledge of plant species, populationecology, habitat restoration, and ecosystemmanagement is required as well.
Wildlife management involves working with animalsand people.