wildfire emissions updated methodology
DESCRIPTION
Wildfire Emissions Updated Methodology. Neva Sotolongo Emission Inventory Branch. Overview. Emission Estimation System (EES) Source data - FRAP Emission calculation methodology - FOFEM Fuel moisture inputs Changes and assumptions in methodology Results. Wildfire Definition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Wildfire EmissionsUpdated Methodology
Neva Sotolongo
Emission Inventory Branch
Overview
• Emission Estimation System (EES)– Source data - FRAP – Emission calculation methodology - FOFEM– Fuel moisture inputs
• Changes and assumptions in methodology
• Results
Wildfire DefinitionA natural event that burns a variety of vegetation types ranging in age, size and density; caused by natural and human activity such as lightning or arson, and suppressed by fire fighters. This category does not include prescribed burns or wildland fire use (WFU) fires.
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Source Data
• FRAP dataset – 15,000 fires that date back to late 1800’s– updated annually– most comprehensive dataset available– duplicate fire resolution
• 2002 dataset– 225 fires– 486,000 acres– intersected with Air Basin, District & County– clipped fires that cross state boundary
• Limitations
Emission Estimation
• CAMFER EES - GIS based emission estimation model designed for California
– FOFEM - smoke emission estimation methodology
– GAP Layer - vegetation landcover of CA
– Thousand-Hour Fuel Moisture Grid - moisture input
Wildfire footprint is overlaid onGAP vegetation layer, calculatingthe amount of each fuel consumed in the fire. Fuel loading is assigned for each fuel component that make up the vegetation type.
Fuel Components
Fuel ComponentConsumption Assumption
Fuel Loading
Total Consumed
Litter 100% 1.8 1.8Wood 0-1 inch 90% 1.3 1.2Wood 1-3 inch 65% 1.9 1.2Wood 3+ inch NFDR-TH 32.0 NFDR-THDuff NFDR-TH 56.0 NFDR-THHerbaceous 100% 0.2 0.2Shrub 60% 0.3 0.2Tree regeneration 60% 0.1 0.1Canopy branchwood 50% 3.0 1.5Canopy foliage 100% 6 6.0
Sierra Nevada M ixed Conifer
Thousand-Hour Fuel Moisture
TH-HR Fuel Moisture
Fuel ComponentFuel
LoadingMoisture Content Flaming Smoldering
Total Consumed
Litter 1.8 -- -- -- 1.8Wood 0-1 inch 1.3 -- -- -- 1.2Wood 1-3 inch 1.9 -- -- -- 1.2Wood 3+ inch 32.0 10.0 21.5 5.4 26.9Duff 56.0 40.0 15.5 23.2 38.7Herbaceous 0.2 -- -- -- 0.2Shrub 0.3 -- -- -- 0.2Tree regeneration 0.1 -- -- -- 0.1Canopy branchwood 3.0 -- -- -- 1.5Canopy foliage 6 -- -- -- 6.0
Sierra Nevada Mixed Conifer
Emission Factors (lbs/ton)
Fuel component Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod DryLitter, wood 0-1 in 9.3 9.3 9.3 7.9 7.9 7.9 52.4 52.4 52.4 2.1 2.1 2.1Wood 1-3 in 14.0 14.0 14.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 111.4 111.4 111.4 4.5 4.5 4.5Wood 3+ in 26.6 21.6 19.1 22.5 18.3 16.2 268.9 205.8 174.4 10.8 8.2 7.0Herb, shrub, regen 25.1 25.1 25.1 21.3 21.3 21.3 249.2 249.2 249.2 10.0 10.0 10.0Duff 28.2 30.4 30.4 23.9 25.8 25.8 288.6 316.1 316.1 11.5 12.6 12.6Canopy fuels 25.1 25.1 25.1 21.3 21.3 21.3 249.2 249.2 249.2 10.0 10.0 10.0
Fuel component Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod Dry Wet Mod DryLitter, wood 0-1 in 3.7 3.7 3.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 8.2 8.2 8.2 2.5 2.5 2.5Wood 1-3 in 7.8 7.8 7.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 2.5 2.5 2.5Wood 3+ in 18.8 14.4 12.2 2.7 2.1 1.7 7.3 7.6 7.7 2.2 2.3 2.4Herb, shrub, regen 17.4 17.4 17.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 2.3 2.3 2.3Duff 20.2 22.1 22.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 7.2 7.1 7.1 2.2 2.2 2.2Canopy fuels 17.4 17.4 17.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 7.4 7.4 7.4 2.3 2.3 2.3
CH4PM10 PM2.5 CO
SO2TNMHC NH3 NOx
Seasonal Variation 2002
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
Acr
es B
urn
ed
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Ignition Date
Acres Burned
PM10 Emissions
Assumptions
• Gridded NFDR-TH moisture - 2002
• FRAP dataset limitations
• FOFEM assumes 100% of burn area experiences fire
Changes
• Combined EIC (CES) codes - “All Vegetation”– “Grass and Woodlands” and “Timber and Brush”
• Actual fire perimeters and location
• Vegetation specific emission estimates
What’s Next
• Forecasting future wildfire emissions
• Prescribed burn methodology update and projections
• WFU emissions
Forecasting Wildfire Emissions - Baseline
• Ten-year average - 1994 through 2003 wildfires– normalize erratic annual spatial wildfire distribution– ample yet manageable sample set – adjusts for reporting inconsistencies– consistency and quality data available– reflects climate trends
Ten-Year Average
• 1994 to 2003 sample set– 2,314 fires
– intersected with Air Basin, District & Co
– clipped fires that cross state boundary
– ~10% fires had no month data
• Adjustment for extreme wildfires – San Diego
– San Bernardino portion of the SCAB
Seasonal Variation
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
Tot
al E
mis
sion
s (t
ons)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
t
Oct
Nov
Dec
