wifi 2 infrastruktur wireless lan
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Wireless LANWireless LANInfrastructure DevicesInfrastructure Devices
Dahlan AbdullahEmail : [email protected]
Web: http://www.dahlan.web.id
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Access PintAccess Pint
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Install AP dalam wired netwr!Install AP dalam wired netwr!
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" #de $nfi%urasi AP" #de $nfi%urasi AP
Root Mode
Repeater Mode
Bridge Mode
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&t #de&t #de
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'rid%e #de'rid%e #de
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&epeater #de&epeater #de
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Wireless 'rid%eWireless 'rid%e
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Pen%%unaan Wireless 'rid%ePen%%unaan Wireless 'rid%e
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( mde !muni!asi wireless( mde !muni!asi wireless
brid%ebrid%e
Root Mode Salah satu bridge harus diset sebagai root bridge Bisa berkomunikasi dengan non-root bridge lainnya Tidak bisa berkomunikasi dengan root bridge lainnya
Non-root Mode Komunikasi bisa ke root bridgeAccess Point Mode Punya kemampuan memperbolehkan client connect
Repeater Mode Berada diantara 2lebih bridge Memperpan!ang segmen "ireless bridge
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Peralatan )an% berhubun%anPeralatan )an% berhubun%an
den%an wireless brid%eden%an wireless brid%e
#i$ed or %etachable Antennas
Ad&anced #iltering 'apabilities
Remo&able (modular) Radio cards*ariable +utput Po"er
*aried Types o, ired 'onnecti&ity
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Wireless Wr!%rup 'rid%es
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Pen%%unaan Wireless
Wr!%rup 'rid%es
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Wireless LAN client devices
P'M'.A / compact ,lash cards
0thernet / serial con&erters
1SB AdaptersP'. / .SA Adapters
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P*#*IA + *nverterP*#*IA + *nverter
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Wireless AdaptersWireless Adapters
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Wireless LANs: *haracteristicsWireless LANs: *haracteristics
Types
.n,rastructure based
Adhoc
Ad&antages
#le$ible deployment
Minimal "iring di,,iculties
More robust against disasters (earthuake etc)
%isad&antages
3o" band"idth compared to "ired net"orks (4-45 Mbits) Proprietary solutions
Need to ,ollo" "ireless spectrum regulations
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Infrastructure vs. Adhc Netwr!sInfrastructure vs. Adhc Netwr!s
in,rastructure
net"ork
ad-hoc net"ork
APAP
AP
"ired net"ork
AP6 Access Point
Source6 Schiller
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,ransmissin: Infrared vs. &adi,ransmissin: Infrared vs. &adi .n,rared
uses .R diodes7 di,,use light7
multiple re,lections ("alls7,urniture etc8)
Ad&antages
simple7 cheap7 a&ailable in
many mobile de&ices
no licenses needed
simple shielding possible %isad&antages
inter,erence by sunlight7 heat
sources etc8
many things shield or absorb .R
light
lo" band"idth 0$ample
.r%A (.n,rared %ata Association)
inter,ace a&ailable e&ery"here
Radio
typically using the license ,ree
.SM band at 289 :;< Ad&antages
e$perience ,rom "ireless AN
and mobile phones can be used
co&erage o, larger areas
possible (radio can penetrate
"alls7 ,urniture etc8) %isad&antages
&ery limited license ,ree
,reuency bands
shielding more di,,icult7
inter,erence "ith other electrical
de&ices 0$ample
a&e3AN7 ;.P0R3AN7
Bluetooth
Source6 Schiller
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Difference 'etween Wired andDifference 'etween Wired and
WirelessWireless
., both A and ' sense the channel to be idle at the same time7
they send at the same time8 'ollision can be detected at senderin 0thernet8
;al,-duple$ radios in "ireless cannot detect collision at sender8
A ' *
A
'
*
Ethernet LAN Wireless LAN
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#bile IP -&* 001:
#tivatin Traditional routing
based on .P destination address net"ork pre,i$ determines physical subnet change o, physical subnet implies
change o, .P address (con,orm to ne" subnet)7 or special routing table entries to ,or"ard packets to ne" subnet
'hanging o, .P address %NS updates take to long time T'P connections break security problems
'hanging entries in routing tables
does not scale "ith the number o, mobile hosts and ,reuentchanges in the location
security problems Solution reuirements
retain same .P address7 use same layer 2 protocols authentication o, registration messages7 =
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#bile IP: 'asic Idea
&uter
2
&uter
"
&uter
3 #N
4me
a%ent
Source6 *aidya
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#bile IP: 'asic Idea
&uter
2
&uter
"
&uter
3 #N
4me a%ent
rei%n a%ent
mve
Pac!ets are tunneled
usin% IP in IP
Source6 *aidya
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#bile IP: ,erminl%)
Mobile Node (MN) node that mo&es across net"orks "ithout changing its .P address
;ome Agent (;A) host in the home net"ork o, the MN7 typically a router registers the location o, the MN7 tunnels .P packetsto the '+A
#oreign Agent (#A) host in the current ,oreign net"ork o, the MN7 typically a router ,or"ards tunneled packets to the MN7 typically the de,ault router ,or
MN 'are-o, Address ('+A)
address o, the current tunnel end-point,or the MN (at #A or MN)
actual location o, the MN ,rom an .P point o, &ie" 'orrespondent Node ('N)
host "ith "hich MN is >corresponding? (T'P connection)
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Data transfer t the mbile s)stem
.nternet
sender
A
4A
#N
hme netwr!
frei%n
netwr!
recei&er
2
"
48 Sender sends to the .P address o, MN7 ;A intercepts packet (pro$y ARP)
28 ;A tunnels packet to '+A7 here #A7
by encapsulation
@8 #A ,or"ards the packet to the MN
Source6 Schiller
*N
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Data transfer frm the mbile s)stem
.nternet
recei&er
A
4A
#N
hme netwr!
frei%n
netwr!
sender
2
48 Sender sends to the .P address
o, the recei&er as usual7
#A "orks as de,ault router
Source6 Schiller
*N
& t li -&* "((1
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&everse tunnelin% -&* "((1
Source6 Schiller
.nternet
recei&er
A
4A
#N
hme netwr!
frei%n
netwr!
sender
"
2
48 MN sends to #A
28 #A tunnels packets to ;Aby encapsulation
@8 ;A ,or"ards the packet to the
recei&er (standard case)
*N
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#bile IP: 5ther Issues
Re&erse Tunneling
,ire"alls permit only >topological correct> addresses a packet ,rom the MN encapsulated by the #A is no" topological correct
Agent Ad&ertisement ;A#A periodically send ad&ertisement messages into their physical subnets MN listens to these messages and detects7 i, it is in home,oreign net"ork MN reads a '+A ,rom the #A ad&ertisement messages
Registration MN signals '+A to the ;A &ia the #A ;A ackno"ledges &ia #A to MN limited li,etime7 need to be secured by authentication
+ptimi
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#ulti64p Wireless Netwr!s
May need to tra&erse multiple links to reach destination
Mobility causes route changes
Source6 *aidya
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#bile Ad 4c Netwr!s -#ANE,1
;ost mo&ement ,reuent Topology change ,reuent
No cellular in,rastructure8 Multi-hop "ireless links8
%ata must be routed &ia intermediate nodes8
A B A
B
Source6 *aidya
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&utin% in #ANE,
Mobile .P needs in,rastructure ;ome Agent#oreign Agent in the ,i$ed net"ork
%NS7 routing etc8 are not designed ,or mobility
MAN0T
no de,ault router a&ailable
>e&ery? node also needs to be a router
'an "e use traditional routing algorithms
%istance *ector
periodic e$change o, routing tables (destination7 distance7 ne$t
hop) selection o, the shortest path i, se&eral paths a&ailable
3ink State
periodic noti,ication about current state o, physical links (,looding)
router get a complete picture o, the net"ork
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,raditinal &utin%A routing protocolsets up a routing tablein routers
A node makes a local choice depending on global
topology Source6 Kesha&
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Distance6vectr + Lin!6state
&utin%
Both assume router kno"s
address o, each neighbor
cost o, reaching each neighbor
Both allo" a router to determine global routingin,ormation by talking to its neighbors
%istance &ector- router kno"s cost to each destination
3ink state- router kno"s entire net"ork topology and
computes shortest path
Di t 7 t & ti
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Distance 7ectr &utin%:
E8ample
2
Source6 Kesha&
Lin! 3tate & tin% E ample
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Lin! 3tate &utin%: E8ample
Source6 Kesha&
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#ANE, &utin% Prtcls
Reacti&e protocols
%etermine route i, and "hen needed
Source initiates route disco&ery
0$ample6 %SR (dynamic source routing)
Proacti&e protocols
0$tension o, traditional routing protocols Maintain routes bet"een e&ery host pair at all times
0$ample6 %S%* (destination seuenced distance &ector)
;ybrid protocols
Adapti&e 'ombination o, proacti&e and reacti&e 0$ample 6 CRP (
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D)namic 3urce &utin% -D3&1
9hnsn;
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
?
&epresents a nde that has received &&E fr D frm 3
#
N
L
Source6 *aidya
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
&epresents transmissin f &&E
?
'radcast transmissin
#
N
L
93=
9BC= &epresents list f identifiers appended t &&E
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
ENde 4 receives pac!et &&E frm tw nei%hbrs:
ptential fr cllisin
?
#
N
L
93CE=
93C*=
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
ENde * receives &&E frm > and 4C but des nt frward
it a%ainC because nde * has alread) frwarded &&Ence
?
#
N
L
93C*C>=
93CEC=
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
?
#
ENdes and $ bth bradcast &&E t nde DE3ince ndes and $ are hidden frm each therC their
transmissins ma) cllide
N
L
93C*C>C$=
93CECC=
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&ute Discver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
?
ENde D des nt frward&&EC because nde D
is the intended tar%etf the rute discver)
#
N
L
93CECCC#=
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&ute &epl) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
?
#
N
L
&&EP 93CECCCD=
&epresents &&EP cntrl messa%e
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Data Deliver) in D3&
'
A
3 E
4
D
*
>
I
$
?
#
N
L
DA,A 93CECCCD=
Pac!et header sie %rws with rute len%th
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D3& Issues +ptimi
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Destinatin63euenced Distance67ectr -D3D71
9Per!ins;(3i%cmm=
0ach node maintains a routing table "hich stores ne$t hop7 cost metric to"ards each destination a seuence number that is created by the destination itsel,
0ach node periodically ,or"ards routing table to neighbors
0ach node increments and appends its seuence number"hensending its local routing table 0ach route is tagged "ith a seuence number routes "ith greater
seuence numbers are pre,erred
0ach node ad&ertises a monotonically increasing e&en seuencenumber ,or itsel,
hen a node decides that a route is broken7 it increments theseuence number o, the route and ad&ertises it "ith in,inite metric
%estination ad&ertises ne" seuence number
D ti ti 3 d
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Destinatin63euenced
Distance67ectr -D3D71
hen I recei&es in,ormation ,rom J about a route to C
3et destination seuence number ,or C at I be S(I)7 S(J) is sent
,rom J
., S(I) S(J)7 then I ignores the routing in,ormation recei&ed
,rom J
., S(I) L S(J)7 and cost o, going through J is smaller than theroute kno"n to I7 then I sets J as the ne$t hop to C
., S(I) S(J)7 then I sets J as the ne$t hop to C7 and S(I) is
updated to eual S(J)
B ?
& ti / P ti , d
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&eactive v/s Practive ,rade6
ffs
Reacti&e protocols 3o"er o&erhead since routes are determined on demand Signi,icant delay in route determination 0mploy ,looding (global search) 'ontrol tra,,ic may be bursty
Proacti&e protocols Al"ays maintain routes 3ittle or no delay ,or route determination 'onsume band"idth to keep routes up-to-date Maintain routes "hich may ne&er be used
hich approach achie&es a better trade-o,, depends on the tra,,ic andmobility patterns
? & ti P t l -?&P1
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?ne &utin% Prtcl -?&P1
94aas;F=
CRP combines proacti&e and reacti&e approaches
All nodes "ithin hop distance at most d ,rom a node I are
said to be in the routing
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?&P: E8ample
Radius of routing zone = 2
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,E&I#A $A3I4
S030SA. =