wid country profile - germany - unctad.orgunctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_de_en.pdf ·...

Germany Definitions and sources of data

Data on foreign direct investment (FDI) in Germany are compiled by the Deutsche Bundesbank (the German central bank). The Foreign Trade and Payments Act (AWG), section 26 (2) with the Foreign Trade and Payments regulation (AWV), sections 56-64 and the Act on Statistics for Federal Purposes (BstatG) represent the legal basis for FDI data compilation.

Aggregate data on the flow of FDI, with a breakdown by FDI components, are published

in the Bank's Monthly Report and the Statistical Supplements series 3 "Balance of payments statistics". Data with a breakdown by major countries and regions are published annually in the Special Statistical Publication 11 "Balance of payments by region". Data on FDI stocks are published with a 17-months time lag in the Bank's annual publication series Special Statistical Publication 10 "International capital links". All publications are available at www.bundesbank.de.

FDI data cover investment with primary (direct) or secondary (indirect) participation. The

primary direct investment, or primary entrepreneurial assets, include the direct participating interest or holdings of a resident in a foreign enterprise, or that of a non-resident in a domestic enterprise. Indirect links (secondary participation) are covered in the case of majority ownership. Moreover, claims arising from loans which the parties involved have granted to affiliated enterprises are included in direct investment as other capital.

In recent years, some methodological changes have been introduced: Since 1999, direct

investments include investments in foreign affiliates which are defined as companies in which foreign TNCs in Germany or German TNCs abroad hold directly or indirectly 10 per cent or more of the shares or voting rights (before 1999, the threshold was 20 per cent, before 1990: 25 per cent). Furthermore, reinvested earnings are allocated to the year in which they arose, in accord with the accrual principle. A more fundamental change, short-term intra-company loans and trade credits are included in intra-company loans since 1996 in the balance of payments and the international investment position. And finally, the directional principle is applied since 1999 to classify all direct investment transactions according to the direction of the direct investment (not valid for the detailed FDI stocks in the statistical publication 10). Where this has been possible, revisions in data compilation methodology have been applied to earlier years. Thus, time series might not be fully consistent and need to be interpreted with care. Historical data, before July 1990, refer to the former Federal Republic of Germany only.

FDI flows are recorded in the balance-of-payments statistics through an international transactions recording system (ITRS). Such FDI flows refer to primary direct investment, consisting of equity participation, intra-company loans and real estate, including investment in dependent holding companies abroad; and, as of 1990, also cover the secondary or intermediate direct investment of holding companies. Reinvested earnings are derived from balance sheet data. Data are compiled with a breakdown by FDI components and are classified by region and by country. The breakdown by economic activity follows the NACE Rev. 1.

Compiling FDI stock data is based on the reporting of companies' balance sheet data and

Posting date: 19 September 2005

on reporting of individuals and companies resident in Germany, concerning their claims and liabilities arising from financial operations with non-residents. A reporting threshold for the balance sheet total of the direct investment enterprise of € 3 million is applied. Indirect participation by a German investor in a second-tiersubsidiary abroad or by a foreign investor in a second-tier subsidiary in Germany is also subject to reporting, if the participation exceeds 50%. For complete ownership of an enterprise direct investment links are considered beyond the second-tier subsidiary. Data are compiled with a breakdown by FDI components and are classified by region and by country. The breakdown by economic activity follows the NACE Rev. 1. The classification by economic activity has been revised several times since 1985, the last revision taking place in 1995. Thus, time series are not fully consistent and have to be interpreted with caution.

Data on the operations of German affiliates abroad and foreign affiliates in Germany are also collected by the Deutsche Bundesbank, covering the variables number, turnover, assets and employment. The data are published with a classification by economic activity and by region in the annual publication "Kapitalverflechtung mit dem Ausland" ("International capital links"), Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 10 (Special Statistical Publication 10). Data on the receipts and payments of royalties and licence fees between affiliated enterprises are published bi-annually in the publication "Technologische Dienstleistungen in der Zahlungsbilanz", Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 12 (Special Statistical Publication 12). The data refer to receipts and payments of royalties for patents, inventions and processes between affiliates enterprises.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: GERMANY of 55

B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs

Table 1. Summary of FDI

Variable Inward Outward

1. FDI flows, 2001-2004 (annual average) 19 075 12 863

2. FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, 2001-2004 (annual average) 4.0 2.7

3. FDI stocks, 2004 255 456 612 033

4. FDI stocks as a percentage of GDP, 2004 12.9 30.8

Sources : Based on tables 3a and 4; UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.

Table 2. Summary of international production

(Number and millions of Euros)

Variable Home-based TNCs

Affiliates of foreign TNCs in

Germany

Foreign affiliates of

home-based TNCs abroad

1. Number, 2003 6 069 9 314 22 5513. Employment, 2003 .. 2 130 4 4984. Sales, 2003 .. 834 600 1 352 9005. Royalty receipts, 2003b 1 429 1 042 ..6. Royalty payments, 2003c 895 1 469 ..

Source: Based on tables 19, 20, 22, 32, 34, 42, 44, 76, 79, 81 and 84.

b Refers to receipts of royalties for patents, inventions and processes between affiliated enterprises.c Refers to payments of royalties for patents, inventions and processes between affiliated enterprises.

(Millions of Euros)


Table 3a. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1981-2004

(Millions of Euros)

Inward investment Outward investmentIntra- Intra-

Reinvested company Reinvested company Year Equity earnings loans Other Total Equity earnings loans Other Total

1981 1 077 - - 1 547 865 394 4 670 - 97 - 304 4 4621982 1 256 - - 598 359 1 016 3 121 - 539 - 582 3 0781983 1 072 - 286 959 2 318 3 716 - 358 65 4 1391984 1 056 - - 163 - 88 804 4 440 - 1 665 282 6 3871985 712 - - 337 508 883 4 077 - 1 616 1 538 7 2311986 672 - 562 - 35 1 190 1 264 8 047 1 636 612 895 11 1891987 36 1 380 - 193 448 1 672 5 603 1 534 614 1 145 8 8961988 - 1 337 51 - 43 2 329 1 001 8 629 920 716 588 10 8531989 2 704 1 706 491 1 758 6 660 10 753 2 474 694 588 14 5091990 2 624 - 786 264 346 2 447 15 933 2 795 780 513 20 0211991 485 1 820 136 1 570 4 011 15 915 2 449 1 071 29 19 4621992 325 - 3 794 - 578 2 380 - 1 668 13 401 24 1 719 - 295 14 8511993 3 063 - 2 838 - 1 973 2 059 311 11 805 821 1 845 66 14 5371994 3 376 - 678 - 1 064 4 286 5 920 12 478 1 392 2 091 - 313 15 6481995 6 409 - 1 800 - 445 4 647 8 811 23 607 1 581 2 115 1 310 28 6131996 2 478 - 3 486 - 477 6 542 5 057 18 642 4 681 3 092 12 673 39 0881997 5 177 - 409 - 330 6 418 10 856 22 701 3 170 3 525 7 662 37 0581998 5 463 - 511 17 175 .. 22 127 57 238 5 164 17 514 .. 79 9161999 23 727 - 5 137 34 293 - 249 52 634 85 182 3 502 6 542 6 792 102 0182000 117 695 - 5 839 103 688 - 335 215 209 60 412 - 1 671 - 3 210 5 856 61 3872001 33 346 - 19 737 16 053 - 143 29 518 71 465 - 15 977 - 16 225 5 083 44 3472002 35 874 - 7 080 25 081 - 197 53 679 38 612 - 9 740 - 21 345 8 594 16 1202003 40 475 - 7 352 - 8 780 - 186 24 157 14 801 - 3 858 - 24 060 9 954 - 3 1632004 21 585 - 6 415 - 46 242 19 - 31 054 - 25 938 - 899 13 415 7 570 - 5 853

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Balance-of-Payments Statistics Division.


Year

1971 495 211 397 1 103 629 252 319 1 2001972 1 364 423 110 1 897 1 083 292 429 1 8051973 1 821 413 - 132 2 102 1 311 320 333 1 9641974 1 959 156 62 2 177 1 345 449 328 2 1221975 899 - 163 - 45 691 1 260 450 471 2 1811976 1 055 12 254 1 321 1 526 516 567 2 6091977 633 - 241 558 950 1 841 2 564 2 4071978 1 064 302 237 1 603 2 884 701 354 3 9401979 529 1 009 194 1 733 3 760 586 670 5 0161980 510 - 608 440 342 3 595 310 785 4 6901981 936 - 1 339 723 320 4 055 - 530 976 4 5021982 1 017 - 483 226 760 2 514 - 645 1 152 3 0201983 835 242 647 1 724 2 825 198 647 3 6701984 725 - 152 - 43 530 2 969 1 079 618 4 6661985 464 179 179 822 2 769 1 566 1 450 5 7861986 544 677 1 020 2 241 7 628 1 464 1 354 10 4471987 31 1 798 289 2 118 6 145 715 1 898 8 7581988 - 1 563 105 2 522 1 064 9 593 3 488 1 452 14 5331989 2 879 1 776 2 358 7 013 11 290 2 576 1 312 15 1781990 3 198 - 953 759 3 005 19 555 3 389 1 539 24 4841991 545 2 151 2 051 4 748 18 807 2 893 1 280 22 9801992 409 - 4 759 2 234 - 2 116 16 891 31 1 810 18 7311993 3 622 - 3 359 138 401 13 907 973 2 264 17 1441994 4 218 - 820 3 892 7 290 15 134 1 682 2 123 18 9391995 8 727 - 2 457 5 716 11 986 32 230 2 158 4 711 39 1001996 3 225 - 4 531 7 735 6 429 24 193 6 086 20 472 50 7521997 5 701 - 462 7 556 12 795 25 535 3 579 13 611 42 7261998 6 505 - 569 17 700 23 636 61 047 5 746 23 136 89 9291999 24 959 - 5 758 36 426 55 627 89 404 4 694 15 525 109 6232000 121 284 - 5 391 94 193 210 086 62 246 - 1 542 - 960 59 7442001 26 835 - 18 370 12 369 20 834 66 558 - 16 017 - 14 039 36 5022002 26 629 - 12 276 21 195 35 547 43 577 - 15 311 - 18 977 9 2892003 31 521 - 6 198 - 14 056 11 268 25 226 - 1 560 - 22 143 1 523

Source : International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments CD ROM , March 2005.

Equity Reinvested earnings

Intra-company

loansTotalEquity Reinvested

earnings

Intra-company

loansTotal

Table 3b. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1971-2003(Millions of dollars)

Inward investment Outward investment


Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment, 1976-2004

(Millions of Euros)

Inward investment Outward investment

Reinvested Reinvested Year Equity earnings Other Total Equity earnings Other Total

1976 .. .. .. 32 483 .. .. .. 25 0951977 .. .. .. 31 858 .. .. .. 26 9831978 .. .. .. 34 228 .. .. .. 31 9591979 .. .. .. 35 926 .. .. .. 35 9591980 .. .. .. 36 689 .. .. .. 43 1961981 .. .. .. 38 213 .. .. .. 52 1101982 .. .. .. 39 042 .. .. .. 55 8501983 .. .. .. 41 469 .. .. .. 53 1431984 .. .. .. 43 353 .. .. .. 74 4471985 .. .. .. 46 469 .. .. .. 75 3921986 .. .. .. 48 898 .. .. .. 77 4841987 .. .. .. 52 328 .. .. .. 80 1691988 .. .. .. 56 004 .. .. .. 94 8361989 .. .. .. 73 108 .. .. .. 105 1021990 .. .. .. 84 966 .. .. .. 115 7881991 .. .. .. 96 109 .. .. .. 134 3011992 .. .. .. 98 998 .. .. .. 147 1821993 .. .. .. 102 505 .. .. .. 164 3341994 .. .. .. 110 194 .. .. .. 178 7571995 .. .. .. 121 605 .. .. .. 196 7341996 .. .. .. 129 191 .. .. .. 231 2031997 .. .. .. 145 536 .. .. .. 282 9851998 .. .. .. 176 875 .. .. .. 318 6271999 .. .. .. 234 177 .. .. .. 411 4932000 .. .. .. 291 900 .. .. .. 582 3382001 .. .. .. 308 812 .. .. .. 700 9732002 .. .. .. 283 968 .. .. .. 663 4822003 .. .. .. 306 042 .. .. .. 665 8392004 .. .. .. 255 456 .. .. .. 612 033

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Kapitalverflechtung mit dem Ausland, Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 10 , various issues.


Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, 1990-2003(Millions of Euros)

Sector / industry 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 2 447 4 011 -1 668 311 5 920 8 811 5 057 10 856 22 127 52 634 215 209 23 622 38 269 11 400

Primary 13 4 6 9 144 - 12 - 199 - 116 - 330 - 373 228 38 769 166Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 11 1 6 7 16 2 - 330 - 337 - 345 - 345 - 15 57 - 11 24Mining, quarrying and petroleum 2 3 1 2 128 - 14 131 220 16 - 28 243 - 19 780 142

Mining and quarrying .. 1 - 1 - 1 128 16 115 300 - 1 15 - 28 25 - 3 - 7Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 2 3 1 3 - - 30 17 - 80 17 - 43 271 - 44 783 149

Secondary - 906 -1 590 -1 343 1 343 - 794 881 -1 402 842 -2 196 25 835 -3 371 8 556 190 -1 150Food, beverages and tobacco 7 - 36 - 116 - 39 386 - 72 - 114 - 79 - 324 - 68 - 853 -1 206 - 688 2 631

Food products and beverages 7 - 36 - 116 - 39 386 - 72 - 114 - - - - 853 -1 206 - 688 2 631Textiles, clothing and leather 31 44 - 59 - 152 - 89 7 84 - 77 147 - 76 89 91 52 116Wood and wood products 67 - 32 - 56 327 27 - 41 - 411 164 366 285 - 239 916 80 20

Paper and paper products 67 - 32 - - - - - - - - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 64 - 193 36 - 66 - 22 59 - 37 - 64 - 115 -5 053 -4 029 - 148 14 176

Manufacture of refined petroleum products - - - - - - - - - 115 -5 053 - - 14 -Chemicals and chemical products -1 279 - 271 - 386 400 - 520 - 89 - 465 284 - 117 19 226 -1 700 5 292 413 -2 083Rubber and plastic products - - - 144 - 98 - 346 - 222 - 62 192 85 121 - 246 974 214 - 239Non-metallic mineral products 1 - 34 - - - - - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products 39 - 74 - 593 344 253 138 - 137 - 536 38 286 - 622 2 597 373Machinery and equipment - 1 71 181 431 - 256 - 99 - 133 364 243 7 886 - 223 474 1 051 - 450Electrical and electronic equipment 177 - 984 - 202 406 2 213 -1 435 285 293 3 562 -4 367 156 -2 533 165

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - 15 - 15 - 115 161 - 817 144 216 292 - 343 912 - 203 - 373Electrical machinery and apparatus 177 - 984 - - - - - - - - - - - -Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - 217 421 117 52 - 618 141 77 3 270 -4 024 - 756 -2 330 538

Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 21 223 - 59 - 322 - 124 173 779 - 791 -2 774 - 631 7 890 1 651 - 723 -1 257Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 160 - 134 - 331 - 124 83 719 - 839 -3 096 - 275 2 526 646 - 886 -1 063

Manufacture of motor vehicles - 160 - 134 - 331 - 124 83 719 - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 21 64 75 9 - 90 60 48 322 - 356 5 364 1 005 163 - 194

Tertiary 4 171 3 873 3 512 1 846 7 372 9 802 10 484 10 675 25 339 32 377 224 296 35 525 50 274 17 945Electricity, gas and water - - - 1 - 35 56 52 - 76 24 609 - 141 - 79 706 646 1 244Construction - 19 - 45 40 37 192 164 44 178 - 10 4 - 44 33 5 - 7Trade 453 911 317 519 1 377 590 1 416 3 063 - 117 1 765 3 624 -1 260 2 010 2 406Hotels and restaurants - - - 184 - 10 52 - 251 9 - 11 22 - 40 - 74 46 186 24Transport, storage and communications - 34 50 23 7 139 - 212 -3 255 822 991 - 137 18 040 1 604 2 274 3 703

Transport and storage - 34 50 - - - - 13 3 491 497 343 79 - 195 87 - 148 Land transport including pipelines - - - - - 155 - 2 328 82 225 26 - 118 32 - 98Sea and coastal water transport - - - - - - 17 - 5 152 303 48 - 23 - 199 65 - 77 Air transport - - - - - - 152 11 11 113 70 76 122 - 9 27

Telecommunications - - - - - - 202 -3 435 454 393 - 467 17 816 1 979 2 033 3 525Finance 3 556 2 810 8 -1 706 - 329 - 233 2 894 - 821 6 998 6 905 6 299 -1 655 14 904 -1 321

Financial Intermediation 3 556 2 810 - 10 -1 523 - 810 376 2 559 18 6 821 9 373 6 469 -2 477 14 568 -1 495Monetary intermediation - - 226 - 287 - 219 340 - 657 - 257 2 250 291 543 1 225 4 102 - 558Other financial intermediation 3 556 2 810 - 236 -1 236 - 592 36 3 216 275 4 571 9 082 5 926 -3 702 10 466 - 937

Other financial intermediation n.e.c. - - - - - - 123 - - 68 - 15 - 135 - 123 - 74 - 98 - 137Insurance and Pension Funding - - 18 - 183 481 - 609 336 - 839 176 -2 468 - 171 822 336 174

Business activities 215 147 3 204 3 031 5 571 9 621 9 255 7 443 17 001 23 981 198 152 35 964 29 716 11 906Real estate - - 88 - 295 - 21 32 - 61 - 529 24 139 - 161 562 - 200 - 16Computer and related activities - - - - - 40 355 28 158 - 31 - 412 2 233 115 130Research and development - - - - - - - 251 - 3 14 18 71 1 604 55 37Other business activities 215 147 3 116 3 325 - 9 597 9 148 7 712 16 530 23 353 198 085 31 685 28 904 11 469

Legal, accounting, market research, and management - - - - - 788 9 148 466 709 -1 642 - 938 1 861 2 465 1 554

Business and management consultancy - - - - - 788 9 148 466 709 -1 642 - - - -Other business activities n.e.c - - - - - 8 809 - 7 246 15 822 24 995 199 023 29 824 26 439 9 915

Community, social and personal service activities - - - - - - - - - - -1 622 87 533 - 10Other services - - 103 3 315 72 197 - 21 - 154 40 - - - -

Unspecified - 830 1 725 -3 843 -2 886 - 803 -1 861 -3 826 - 545 - 686 -5 205 -5 944 -20 497 -12 964 -



Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total world 2 447 4 011 -1 668 311 5 920 8 811 5 057 10 856 22 127 52 634 215 209 23 622 38 269 11 400

Developed countries 956 3 179 -1 725 199 5 853 7 704 4 482 9 645 19 338 51 499 212 440 19 355 36 618 18 067Western Europe 894 2 184 198 315 4 166 5 116 3 365 8 243 16 865 44 051 207 249 12 347 33 473 12 472

European Union 1 550 2 347 1 289 536 2 997 4 098 3 073 7 218 19 744 41 610 202 298 14 574 31 486 9 210Austria 62 64 150 69 206 452 67 1 054 238 348 2 457 281 1 60Belgium / Luxembourg - 665 528 193 1 198 458 39 -1 827 2 051 1 656 11 626 102 982 18 176 5 551 -3 537Belgium - - - - - - - - - - 8 475 7 795 6 056 -3 368Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - 94 507 10 381 - 505 - 169Denmark - 5 209 36 - 76 - 27 30 159 - 252 - 2 - 221 38 - 451 - 41 - 288Finland .. 66 35 48 66 181 96 267 1 248 - 95 3 351 3 728 -1 847 7France 642 950 562 980 218 586 678 - 419 1 169 27 700 5 064 5 456 3 750 12 321Greece 12 5 - 7 - 12 2 - 2 7 4 - 41 21 16 10 213 2Ireland 9 205 - 18 155 216 - 51 196 - 40 423 616 139 140 2 227 40Italy 335 170 - 145 -1 548 180 - 16 110 128 2 393 2 046 365 3 552 340 - 520Netherlands 472 280 258 -1 079 1 586 1 595 2 048 1 408 2 942 -3 459 28 462 -5 284 10 357 4 197Portugal .. 1 - 4 9 - 18 1 36 84 91 251 4 - 175 - 85 - 213Spain 129 1 - 59 - 27 - 15 - 25 185 480 178 -4 452 1 859 - 986 2 293 720Sweden 606 - 102 54 - 316 - 354 - 740 80 457 1 615 - 355 3 034 1 231 586 - 110United Kingdom - 47 - 30 234 1 135 477 2 048 1 239 1 996 7 834 7 586 54 527 -11 111 8 140 -3 469

Other Western Europe - 644 - 163 -1 091 - 221 1 169 1 018 291 1 025 -2 879 2 441 4 951 -2 227 1 987 3 262Iceland - 1 - 1 - 6 - 10 2 - 7 5 - 5 1 3 4 - -Liechtenstein - - - - 40 88 - 275 - 91 - 216 248 124 154 27 - 261Norway .. 46 29 - 29 25 7 - 66 - 26 132 107 830 - 316 2 196 - 4Switzerland - 644 - 209 -1 120 - 198 1 115 920 640 1 137 -2 790 2 085 3 994 -2 069 - 236 3 528

North America - 627 530 -2 412 94 1 631 2 061 1 749 1 075 2 575 7 030 4 209 5 334 1 898 4 763Canada - 1 606 - 22 - 59 14 119 - 955 - 90 - 481 60 369 - 83 - 179 - 188United States - 626 - 76 -2 390 153 1 617 1 942 2 703 1 165 3 056 6 970 3 840 5 417 2 077 4 951

Other developed countries 667 464 489 - 210 56 527 - 631 327 - 101 418 982 1 674 1 247 832Australia 9 - 9 13 - 16 14 - 15 79 - 283 - 67 - 192 - 27 - 3 1 143 3Israel - 2 11 14 19 48 - 3 - 41 7 70 19 115 - 17 80 - 48Japan 661 467 460 - 207 - 7 515 - 658 518 - 97 552 872 - 194 103 638New Zealand .. - 3 1 - 4 1 1 - 2 10 - 13 8 29 45 236 133South Africa - 1 - 3 1 - 3 - 1 29 - 9 75 6 31 - 7 1 843 - 315 106

Developing economies 1 016 281 - 112 19 91 1 126 619 1 037 2 762 1 065 2 594 3 509 1 966 -6 936Africa 1 - 15 31 1 2 30 51 - 22 32 20 27 54 23 3

North Africa - - 32 2 1 - 5 18 21 18 25 23 31 23Egypt - - 13 - 1 - - 1 - 1 0 1 13 6 - 15 16Morocco - - - - - - 2 - 1 1 - 6 - 4 4 1

Other Africa .. .. - 1 - 1 1 30 47 - 41 11 2 2 31 - 8 - 20Zaire .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - -Zambia .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - -Zimbabwe .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean 9 235 - 124 235 160 949 371 786 2 566 423 1 782 3 756 2 341 -7 724South America .. 21 - 9 - 35 203 - 263 7 109 - 106 - 125 71 22 35 - 136

Argentina .. 25 - 9 - 29 202 - 257 35 10 39 - 11 16 - 7 2 - 60Brazil .. - 3 2 - 7 - 1 - 5 - 43 93 - 150 3 72 65 22 - 71Chile .. .. 1 1 - - 1 8 12 - 10 - 93 2 - 14 10 - 9Colombia - - - 1 2 1 - 1 5 4 - 6 - 3 4 - 6 4 1Uruguay - - - - - - 3 - 8 - 0 - 19 - 10 1 8 7Venezuela - - - 1 - - 1 - 1 15 - 6 - 7 - 16 - 11 - 1

Other Latin America and Caribbean 9 213 - 115 270 - 44 1 212 365 677 2 673 548 1 711 3 734 2 306 -7 588Mexico .. - 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 - 8 - 2 5 - 51 2 - 29 - 25

Developing Europe - - 5 5 - 2 - - 22 - 38 34 3 116 - 20 - 42 11Croatia - - 1 2 - 1 1 - 32 - 18 16 7 - 35 8 - 37 - 14Malta - - - - - - - - - 11 1 2 - 1 4 - 4Slovenia - - 9 2 - 1 - - 10 - 15 - 2 20 99 - 26 - 8 4Yugoslavia (former) - - - 6 1 - 1 - 1 19 - 5 31 - 25 50 - 1 - 1 25

Asia 651 62 - 22 - 218 - 69 147 218 312 129 619 669 - 282 - 354 772West Asia 618 33 - 103 - 65 - 85 10 77 119 66 69 42 118 28 461

Cyprus - - - - - - - - 3 54 23 56 - 5 46Iran, Islamic Republic of .. 16 12 - 58 3 2 58 52 15 72 - 49 - 23 2 - 311Turkey .. 11 18 6 3 8 28 61 116 34 36 18 27 - 24Yemen .. .. - - .. .. - - - - - - - -

South, East and South-East Asia 33 30 81 - 152 16 137 142 193 63 550 627 - 400 - 382 311China - 5 .. 1 3 2 - 3 20 7 19 96 78 217 - 163 304Hong Kong, China .. 22 7 - 102 - 32 36 244 - 35 - 31 - 34 44 18 - 132 55India .. - 2 - - 3 - 13 - 13 5 32 15 - 15 11 50 - 24Indonesia .. 3 - 11 - 6 - 1 1 - 7 6 - 2 - 18 2 - 5 - 7 - 2Malaysia .. .. 86 - 112 - 1 - 21 - 12 - 15 59 44 40 98 - 48Philippines .. .. - - - 1 - 4 5 5 12 3 12 - 18 - 10Republic of Korea 38 - 5 - 6 65 46 64 78 102 69 190 64 - 457 - 230 - 103Singapore .. - 1 1 - 1 1 8 - 172 88 - 89 61 324 - 186 - 130 314Sri Lanka .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - -Taiwan Province of China .. 11 - 2 2 1 13 - 27 39 97 170 3 - 98 144 - 94Thailand .. 1 1 1 - - 1 6 - 7 - 25 - 2 66 33 10 - 71

The Pacific 5 - 3 - 2 - 4 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 - 2 2/…


Table 6. FDI flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Central and Eastern Europe 75 9 134 112 7 - 19 - 132 190 34 74 181 428 11 94

Estonia - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1Latvia - - - - - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 1 7 - 7 - 5Lithuania - - - 1 1 - - 2 3 - - 1 3 - 4 - -Baltic countries - - - 1 1 - 1 - 4 1 - 3 - 11 - 12 - 1 4Belarus - - - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - - 3 1 - 2 - -Bulgaria - 2 - 6 2 - 2 1 3 1 - 1 - 1 5 - 5 - 4Czech Republic .. 1 25 - 10 22 - 1 - 25 11 - 34 - 3 51 19 114 - 33Hungary .. - 2 - 7 - 2 - 1 1 27 - 11 143 36 - 1 179 - 63 - 153Poland .. 2 15 - 4 4 - 3 - 14 34 10 - 11 - 11 51 17 220Republic of Moldova .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - -Romania 1 .. 38 2 1 6 - - - 2 - 7 - 4 10 - 4 5Russian Federation - 3 14 60 148 - 17 - 25 - 127 159 - 74 57 119 200 - 70 22Slovakia .. .. - - 23 - - - - 1 - 4 3 6 - 17 14 29Ukraine .. .. 2 1 - - 2 - 1 - 1 1 4 - - 1 1

Unspecified 400 543 34 - 19 - 31 1 88 - 15 - 8 - 4 - 6 330 - 326 175



Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2002

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy TOTA

L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Gre

ece

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Portu

gal

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Uns

peci

fied

Total 35 635 34 352 28 562 - 262 1 221 2 852 - 362 -1 577 2 888 227 2 156 469 12 549 - 35 1 592 264 6 579 3 564 2 307 - 343 2 650 - 81 1 283Primary 617 620 626 1 59 15 - - - 3 - 3 - 1 534 - 1 - 1 23 9 - 15 - 4 - 11 - - 3

Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing - 11 - 11 - 17 1 - - - - - 23 - - 1 11 - 1 - 1 - 6 4 2 - 2 - -Mining, quarrying and petroleum 628 631 643 - 59 15 - - 20 - 3 - - 523 - - - 29 5 - 17 - 4 - 13 - - 3

Mining and quarrying - 3 - 3 - 3 - - 3 15 - - 3 - - - - 6 - - - - 12 - - - - - -Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 631 634 646 - 62 - - - 17 - 3 - - 529 - - - 41 5 - 17 - 4 - 13 - - 3

Secondary -1 735 -1 923 -2 631 167 -1 607 316 38 - 104 - 641 - 5 - 156 64 - 378 - 42 79 110 - 473 -1 352 2 014 39 1 975 46 188Food, beverages and tobacco - 568 - 543 - 305 5 - 42 - 11 - 3 - 5 - 5 - 12 - 7 14 - 12 - 4 - 241 - 251 12 - 12 1 - 25Textiles, clothing and leather 52 61 - 13 8 11 - - - - 2 3 - 3 13 - 43 - 1 - 1 - 3 76 - 1 - - 1 - 1 - 9Wood and wood products 28 30 - 132 2 89 - 1 - 72 - 12 - - 98 4 - 16 - 40 - 8 5 14 170 - 9 12 - 21 1 - 2Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 14 15 65 56 13 - - - - 3 - - - - 12 - - - 10 - 6 - 44 - - 44 - - 1Chemicals and chemical products - 477 - 479 - 889 49 - 790 66 8 - - 39 - 1 - 116 - 22 - 8 16 7 2 - 60 - 208 652 3 649 - 34 2Rubber and plastic products 257 240 149 40 - 28 - 84 34 - 20 - 1 63 27 - 17 - 2 79 2 17 - 10 100 - 100 1 17Metal and metal products 1 390 1 377 180 10 - 69 3 5 9 210 - 45 3 - 15 1 12 - 2 - 33 292 905 5 900 - 13Machinery and equipment 67 - 2 40 - 2 4 127 - 4 - 10 - 77 - 7 7 19 122 - 7 16 - 2 - 146 46 - 71 20 - 91 - 17 69Electrical and electronic equipment -1 515 -1 484 - 116 - 77 52 - 6 - - 28 2 - 104 - 2 - 134 45 19 225 - 123 -1 522 157 - 7 164 - 3 - 31

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 203 - 177 3 - 6 111 1 2 - 12 - 49 2 - 33 11 23 11 19 - 22 - 56 - 69 - 68 - - 68 - 43 - 26Radio, television and communication apparatus -1 312 -1 307 - 119 - 71 - 59 - 1 4 12 21 - - 71 - 13 - 157 34 - 247 - 67 -1 453 225 - 7 232 40 - 5

Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 985 -1 120 -1 401 77 - 650 137 - 9 - 25 - 245 - 1 - 5 25 - 196 - 70 - 5 - 108 - 325 38 140 9 131 103 135Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 896 - 983 - 982 - 16 - 651 137 - 4 - - 91 - 1 - 6 - 32 56 - 5 - 8 4 - 365 34 - 138 11 - 149 103 87Other transport equipment - 89 - 137 - 419 93 1 - - 5 - 25 - 154 - 1 57 - 252 - 65 3 - 112 40 4 278 - 2 280 - 48

Tertiary 45 089 43 552 38 315 - 406 4 905 2 663 239 -1 664 3 810 235 2 269 616 14 590 8 1 846 1 079 8 126 4 251 976 - 258 1 234 10 1 537Electricity, gas and water 646 649 614 - 17 53 - 20 2 - - 56 - - 1 1 - - 650 1 36 - 1 - - 1 - - 3Construction 5 - 2 - 4 - 10 - 22 3 - - 7 2 - - - 24 - - 3 7 - 2 - 1 - - 1 5 7Trade 1 235 1 372 534 62 - 22 - 58 130 9 334 1 - 113 54 142 7 - 4 - 31 24 - 268 1 075 - 16 1 091 31 - 137Hotels and restaurants 186 160 159 - 2 - 4 1 - - 18 - - - 8 - 114 - 22 5 - 4 - - 4 - 26Transport, storage and communications 1 787 2 110 4 136 - 2 - 119 29 - 8 - 159 - 194 137 2 727 - 14 - 5 1 010 - 4 -2 022 - 7 -2 015 - - 323

Transport and storage 87 220 226 2 2 - 8 3 - 2 - 8 - 1 - 15 - - 2 219 10 - 17 - 2 - 15 1 - 133 Land transport 32 24 16 2 3 - 2 2 - 8 - - - 14 - - - - 9 - 2 - 2 - 1 8Sea and coastal water transport 65 209 211 - - 1 - 8 2 - 4 1 - - - 1 - - 1 219 - 2 - - - - - 144 Air transport - 9 - 14 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 3 - 16 - 1 - 15 - 5

Telecommunications 1 553 1 736 3 749 - 1 - 127 36 1 - - 5 - 193 136 2 709 - 24 - 7 789 - 11 -2 002 - 5 -1 997 - - 183Finance 15 116 13 878 6 308 - 37 - 21 - 330 - 1 - 517 212 1 726 14 - 121 - 3 1 059 9 3 283 - 229 7 835 10 7 825 - 36 1 238

Financial Intermediation 14 539 13 803 6 100 - 30 - 1 - 362 - - 437 213 1 798 13 - 117 - 2 1 057 - 3 092 - 53 7 792 - 2 7 794 - 36 736Monetary intermediation 4 073 3 510 3 498 1 - 20 - - 425 215 1 798 13 - 35 - 1 058 - 4 66 - 30 - - 30 - 24 563Other financial intermediation 10 466 10 293 2 602 - 31 - 2 - 381 - - 12 - 3 - - - 81 - 2 - - 3 088 - 119 7 822 - 2 7 824 - 12 173

Other financial intermediation n.e.c. - 98 - 98 - 98 - 20 - - - - - - 3 - - - 74 - - - - 1 - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding 577 75 208 - 7 - 20 32 - 1 - 80 - 1 - 72 1 - 4 - 1 2 9 191 - 176 43 12 31 - 502

Business activities 25 641 24 910 26 111 - 402 5 011 2 730 111 -1 673 2 822 20 462 411 11 750 5 662 453 3 750 4 705 -5 916 - 245 -5 671 10 731Real estate - 146 - 142 - 106 - 3 - 6 6 - - - - - - - 100 - 4 - 82 76 - 15 - 16 10 - 26 - 5 - 4Computer and related activities 46 49 - 323 8 2 - 138 - 3 - 3 - 6 5 32 - - 234 - 3 - 1 - 54 428 - 428 - 2 - 3Research and development 44 41 23 - 10 - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 2 32 - 3 21 14 7 - 3Other business activities 24 832 24 384 25 959 - 399 5 025 2 770 105 -1 676 2 928 20 508 405 11 303 5 893 541 3 530 4 782 -6 373 - 267 -6 106 16 448

Business and management consultancy 1 820 1 933 1 775 - 299 727 166 24 - 55 - 8 17 424 3 - 36 223 464 277 - 133 - - 133 14 - 113Other business activities n.e.c 23 012 22 451 24 184 - 100 4 298 2 604 81 -1 676 2 873 20 500 388 10 879 2 929 318 3 066 4 505 -6 240 - 267 -5 973 2 561

Other services 473 475 457 2 7 289 2 - 23 - - - 1 107 - 1 1 - 29 8 10 - 10 - - 2Unspecified -8 336 -7 748 - 24 -2 136 - 142 - 639 191 - 278 - 43 - 212 -2 197 - 1 - 334 - 924 -1 097 656 - 668 - 120 - 548 - 137 - 439



Table 8. FDI flows abroad, by industry, 1990-2003(Millions of Euros)

Sector / industry 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 19 800 20 038 14 851 14 537 15 648 28 613 39 088 37 059 79 916 102 018 61 387 41 185 9 161 2 268

Primary 110 753 - 38 - 39 - 186 - 34 - 849 - 104 - 83 - 282 337 960 1 421 416Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing - 5 3 2 - - 1 3 - 843 - 117 26 -1 001 2 45 - 27 37Mining, quarrying and petroleum 115 750 - 40 - 39 - 185 - 37 - 7 13 - 109 719 335 915 1 448 379

Mining and quarrying 51 727 2 6 16 - 5 18 - 41 - 235 - 41 175 - 62 - 15Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 63 24 - 41 - 46 - 201 - 32 - 25 54 126 278 294 740 1 510 394

Secondary 8 395 7 839 6 351 4 903 5 394 10 264 8 444 14 356 44 085 45 872 20 641 3 534 4 151 -5 981Food, beverages and tobacco 856 404 112 78 233 53 185 439 579 864 - 261 1 288 - 720 537Textiles, clothing and leather 102 142 206 42 129 157 181 671 64 85 570 274 81 - 482Wood and wood products 264 417 257 148 232 83 301 181 327 607 630 - 303 604 74

Paper and paper products 264 417 - - - - - - - - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 98 1 611 265 600 - 537 300 -1 361 41 523 -1 066 534 - 233 - 598 534Chemicals and chemical products 1 713 1 182 1 006 1 443 661 4 805 3 527 4 800 6 144 1 548 7 541 -3 012 2 808 1 508Rubber and plastic products - - 30 38 - 85 34 162 391 524 367 430 352 734 - 436Non-metallic mineral products 400 209 - - - - - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products 343 503 497 140 117 128 61 980 503 536 816 - 136 426 - 173Machinery and equipment 956 847 878 615 496 660 993 2 814 1 413 28 943 1 722 781 13 - 112Electrical and electronic equipment 1 969 711 1 062 855 743 272 155 766 435 262 3 265 183 - 512 - 793

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - 196 157 49 271 137 362 - 49 2 163 263 - 76 - 48Electrical machinery and apparatus 1 969 711 - - - - - - - - - - - -Radio, television and communication apparatus - - 866 698 695 1 18 404 485 260 3 102 - 80 - 436 - 745

Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 585 1 629 1 677 514 2 913 2 457 2 055 918 31 868 1 126 7 021 4 254 3 966 -8 652Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 54 395 1 666 483 2 598 2 478 2 585 882 31 179 1 839 1 215 4 857 3 458 -8 509Other transport equipment 1 531 1 234 11 31 315 - 21 - 530 36 688 - 713 5 806 - 603 508 - 143

Tertiary 7 966 7 641 7 503 7 618 8 406 16 162 23 379 19 206 29 764 52 208 41 036 53 355 19 053 8 672Electricity, gas and water - - 123 451 58 692 287 498 431 279 546 1 020 6 000 - 95Construction 148 82 39 229 138 105 26 361 153 467 - 88 188 251 114Trade 431 366 678 715 263 1 004 1 266 2 466 943 2 085 1 726 1 583 1 091 840Hotels and restaurants - - - 3 44 - 4 9 31 - 37 74 - 3 - 20 67 - 8 40Transport, storage and communications 130 115 204 476 264 926 898 - 473 -1 030 14 380 - 564 39 464 -9 147 -1 236

Transport and storage 130 115 - - - 79 113 - 467 - 472 -1 511 -1 015 228 18 431 Land transport including pipelines - - - - - 54 - 513 - 373 -1 011 -1 580 -1 044 10 88 - 59Sea and coastal water transport - - - - - 25 16 - 40 151 60 - 125 77 - 74 293 Air transport - - - - - - 611 - 54 387 9 155 141 5 197

Telecommunications - - - - - 812 708 38 - 563 15 795 - 281 38 497 -9 317 -1 910Finance 6 865 6 608 2 680 2 734 3 488 5 730 13 304 7 935 12 797 30 547 35 848 8 215 15 387 3 234

Financial Intermediation 6 865 6 608 2 054 2 481 2 622 2 732 11 054 6 178 9 548 28 643 32 777 3 242 9 248 9 184Monetary intermediation - - 1 875 2 130 2 247 2 057 3 137 4 145 2 857 15 500 24 295 3 519 501 1 012Other financial intermediation 6 865 6 608 178 351 376 675 7 917 2 033 6 691 13 145 8 482 - 277 8 747 8 172

Other financial intermediation n.e.c. - - - - - 534 - 1 507 481 3 323 2 628 2 463 7 456 8 644Insurance and Pension Funding - - 626 253 866 2 998 2 250 1 758 3 249 1 904 3 071 4 973 6 139 -5 950

Business activities 393 470 3 224 2 583 3 099 5 902 6 064 7 011 14 363 2 521 - 486 415 4 179 5 182Real estate - - 247 49 315 137 323 133 932 1 598 2 052 1 055 1 544 796Computer and related activities - - - - - - 12 444 - 218 55 282 1 271 701 242 467Research and development - - - - - - 10 15 55 70 404 125 30 2Other business activities 393 470 2 977 2 534 2 783 5 762 5 314 7 394 13 126 107 -4 281 -1 409 1 676 3 531

Legal, accounting, market research, and management activities - - - - - 72 5 314 525 763 502 2 164 2 782 7 351 4 026Other business activities n.e.c - - - - - 5 690 - 6 869 12 363 - 395 -6 445 -4 191 -5 675 - 495

Community, social and personal service activities - - - - - - - - - - 4 074 2 403 1 300 593Other services - - 557 388 1 099 1 794 1 503 1 444 2 033 1 932 - - - -

Unspecified 3 329 3 806 1 035 2 054 2 034 2 221 8 113 3 600 6 149 4 221 - 627 -16 664 -15 464 -



Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1990-2003(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total world 19 800 20 038 14 851 14 537 15 648 28 613 39 088 37 059 79 916 102 018 61 387 41 185 9 161 2 268

Developed countries 19 103 18 166 12 878 11 657 12 188 23 167 31 845 29 182 68 749 91 243 41 618 30 185 7 274 - 116Western Europe 14 931 14 906 10 998 10 285 10 452 17 420 18 675 18 431 27 079 60 633 6 140 -12 005 16 948 -4 844

European Union 13 630 14 198 10 178 9 623 9 693 16 689 18 888 14 707 24 411 61 395 5 709 -11 893 17 081 -5 204Austria 507 510 688 547 694 1 347 2 856 1 457 2 256 802 10 969 481 1 064 898Belgium / Luxembourg 2 686 2 390 3 623 2 815 1 101 987 234 1 449 2 685 4 162 14 021 2 377 2 915 593Belgium - - - - - - - - - - 4 020 4 304 582 -1 815Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - 10 001 -1 927 2 333 2 408Denmark 64 79 148 - 39 238 666 - 107 418 100 512 147 279 103 318Finland 6 32 36 22 76 - 18 178 - 43 442 369 189 - 59 815 168France 1 184 2 696 1 321 1 090 1 662 1 775 1 760 2 343 7 745 4 269 4 745 5 328 9 809 2 135Greece 32 110 40 103 - 7 126 - 61 407 342 213 259 137 120 124Ireland 2 026 3 557 411 979 401 - 185 - 623 2 518 496 - 934 -1 448 - 74 -1 422 - 554Italy 818 651 448 452 516 1 633 2 122 1 483 2 830 1 501 -3 519 43 1 118 - 553Netherlands 1 918 1 153 1 326 2 023 799 2 625 1 515 - 300 2 547 3 552 -11 204 -31 970 -9 495 -8 216Portugal 163 83 125 240 218 74 252 479 344 108 846 422 424 - 224Spain 1 079 1 115 152 - 419 1 654 771 229 1 633 2 229 1 436 2 260 1 433 873 1 031Sweden 60 256 253 568 85 487 369 215 1 497 6 320 1 451 3 626 1 113 2 307United Kingdom 3 088 1 566 1 606 1 244 2 256 6 400 10 163 2 648 897 39 086 -13 006 6 084 9 644 -3 231

Other Western Europe 1 301 709 820 662 761 732 - 213 3 724 2 668 - 762 431 - 112 - 133 360Iceland .. .. 1 1 - 1 1 1 1 - 2 - 5 2 -Liechtenstein - - - - - 103 10 13 45 58 - 87 20 - 71 - 9Norway 36 22 55 24 - 30 86 - 61 77 358 - 83 9 47 89 156Switzerland 1 213 687 764 638 790 542 - 162 3 633 2 263 - 735 509 - 184 - 153 213

North America 3 591 2 919 1 472 1 321 786 5 154 11 430 10 124 40 425 29 025 30 283 44 068 -8 968 4 639Canada 859 333 203 - 262 77 255 - 191 616 260 1 325 283 259 - 611 - 191United States 2 731 2 587 1 269 1 583 710 4 899 11 621 9 508 40 165 27 700 30 000 43 809 -8 357 4 830

Other developed countries 581 340 408 51 949 593 1 740 627 1 245 1 585 5 195 -1 878 - 706 89Australia 118 27 11 40 307 78 268 365 305 239 2 048 270 -1 068 - 751Israel 19 6 8 3 9 27 54 - 1 90 76 86 2 63 - 142Japan 346 267 188 31 500 392 1 324 19 497 575 2 517 - 171 229 1 092New Zealand 1 5 6 7 16 - 1 53 - 37 - 18 206 - 13 3 - 9 - 110South Africa 98 35 195 - 30 117 97 41 281 371 489 557 -1 982 79 -

Developing economies 538 1 162 1 062 1 660 1 967 2 891 4 062 4 971 6 093 6 997 14 947 6 601 - 687 1 497Africa - 27 - 63 22 91 - 76 22 82 83 256 - 54 150 1 065 - 244 33

North Africa .. .. - 17 61 - 91 15 - 10 43 139 - 123 168 716 - 76Egypt .. .. - 19 - 14 8 4 7 - 28 50 57 111 475 69 55Morocco .. .. - 2 7 - 17 26 24 3 28 - 11 - 3 10

Other Africa .. .. 39 30 15 7 93 40 117 69 - 18 349 - 244 - 43Latin America and the Caribbean 316 748 153 1 040 937 1 131 1 559 3 000 2 356 1 517 8 299 2 182 -2 319 334

South America 87 345 94 478 1 070 - 28 1 248 1 017 1 554 958 2 228 - 117 - 794 - 666Argentina - 9 177 66 72 197 - 170 414 559 219 163 233 - 602 -1 017 - 850Brazil 89 164 - 50 332 641 187 482 100 1 022 558 1 154 211 85 - 84Chile 7 4 14 15 166 - 85 155 36 34 - 65 148 63 - 46 - 33Colombia .. .. 25 40 60 - 35 113 91 102 - 28 103 47 7 - 23Uruguay .. .. - - - - 8 7 5 26 43 - 47 25Venezuela .. .. 18 13 - 24 52 111 140 224 460 122 96 270

Other Latin America and Caribbean 142 73 59 562 - 133 1 159 312 1 982 802 559 6 071 2 299 -1 525 1 000

Mexico 142 73 52 - 11 - 210 336 242 1 005 360 356 333 148 277 282Developing Europe .. .. 102 70 45 52 55 128 79 976 269 516 18 193

Croatia .. .. 13 23 26 26 45 48 63 932 200 544 - 37 126Malta .. .. - - - - - - - 23 12 27 - 2 28 - 7Slovenia .. .. 49 28 12 29 18 44 23 60 64 - 10 - 34 16TFYR of Macedonia - - - - - - - - - - - - - 58Yugoslavia (former) .. .. 39 12 - 1 - 3 - 8 36 16 - 28 - 22 - 16 61 -

Asia 285 490 785 489 1 061 1 686 2 364 1 761 3 402 4 558 6 229 2 838 1 857 936West Asia 67 108 365 - 130 341 - 48 325 453 527 1 198 1 161 - 188 - 23 360

Cyprus .. .. - - - - - - 74 829 27 - 247 - 31 3Iran, Islamic Republic of .. - 6 186 - 211 214 - 208 199 25 - 47 - 15 - 6 52 - 10 166Turkey 62 105 131 100 138 188 178 320 361 232 870 - 84 - 53 157

South, East and South-East Asia 218 381 420 619 721 1 734 2 040 1 308 2 876 3 360 5 068 3 026 1 880 576

China .. 59 71 92 209 392 779 1 018 578 631 889 1 091 943 1 573Hong Kong, China - 24 156 38 226 47 112 139 - 6 74 692 824 - 96 284 26India 5 3 15 94 40 160 78 90 263 111 2 285 139 172Indonesia - 1 - 4 9 18 15 625 - 38 - 123 93 180 - 95 - 146 - 62Malaysia 42 32 68 26 76 44 322 20 - 50 - 95 250 93 - 11 - 729Philippines 12 1 10 16 5 18 18 13 51 235 - 87 95 - 114 - 103Republic of Korea 48 50 54 50 43 78 107 - 70 1 454 558 1 606 185 217 192Singapore .. 63 75 26 249 193 346 - 267 231 416 1 026 990 449 - 90Taiwan Province of China .. - 7 29 21 18 2 112 393 50 - 21 85 155 74 - 372Thailand 18 21 42 32 11 46 184 149 4 554 346 102 20 - 38

/…


Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1990-2003(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003The Pacific 5 - 3 - - 30 - 1 - 1 1 - - - - - 1 1

Central and Eastern Europe 159 710 911 1 187 1 469 2 568 3 017 2 912 5 089 3 772 4 745 4 346 2 547 262Albania .. .. 1 - - - 1 7 6 7 1 - 13 9Estonia .. .. - 3 - 2 1 6 5 4 9 10 - 3 14 - 4Latvia .. .. 2 2 6 11 9 25 15 9 46 65 - 56 3Lithuania .. .. 1 3 4 9 5 13 14 21 4 53 51 - 6Baltic countries .. .. 2 7 8 21 20 43 34 39 60 115 9 - 7Belarus .. .. - 7 3 - 1 7 6 2 3 1 3 18Bulgaria .. 9 2 4 50 6 20 16 41 50 45 65 58 143Czech Republic 1 413 337 302 535 795 564 534 746 41 1 188 995 479 - 347Hungary 105 213 464 580 363 1 120 767 710 1 635 752 1 162 609 - 718 166Poland 4 35 86 175 294 414 1 215 1 153 1 902 2 368 839 1 299 - 28 - 57Romania .. 1 6 4 9 25 45 91 161 - 31 160 120 181 125Russian Federation 17 - 42 12 32 70 123 185 181 337 284 266 587 363 - 214Slovakia .. .. 1 39 88 23 148 74 163 219 1 042 462 2 223 401Ukraine .. .. 1 30 42 20 51 96 58 41 - 21 93 - 36 25

Unspecified - - 1 32 24 - 13 165 - 6 - 15 6 77 53 27 625



Table 10. FDI flows abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2002

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy TOTA

L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Euro

pean

U

nion

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Gre

ece

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Portu

gal

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

esO

ther

D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Uns

peci

fied

Total 28 700 20 541 22 255 1 731 1 711 1 041 55 963 9 970 78 - 708 1 499 -10 437 616 742 985 14 008 - 280 -1 509 - 435 -1 074 75 75 8 159Primary 1 503 1 461 1 494 2 - 48 - 7 - - 19 3 - - 1 519 - 1 - 30 - 17 - 16 1 - 17 - - 42

Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing - 27 - 21 - 19 4 - - - - - 19 - - - 1 - - - - - 3 - - 2 1 - 3 - - - 6Mining, quarrying and petroleum 1 530 1 482 1 513 - 2 - 48 - 7 - - 3 - 1 1 519 - 1 - 33 - 17 - 14 - - 14 - - 48

Mining and quarrying - 62 - 70 - 56 - 2 - 48 - - - - 4 - - 1 - 4 - 1 - - 1 - - 14 - - 14 - - 8Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 1 592 1 552 1 569 - - - 7 - 4 3 - - 1 523 - - - 34 - 17 - - - - - 40

Secondary 4 109 5 489 11 667 27 1 197 371 33 552 4 077 - 26 - 167 - 188 5 740 176 137 - 127 - 137 109 -6 443 - 48 -6 395 156 156 -1 380Food, beverages and tobacco - 611 - 411 - 463 12 62 1 1 48 44 1 1 19 - 424 - 13 4 - 245 63 - 11 2 - 13 - - - 200Textiles, clothing and leather 81 52 46 5 - 2 - 4 - 1 54 - 5 - 8 - 16 - 6 - 27 2 - 45 - 5 - 25 8 - 33 36 36 29Wood and wood products 532 507 571 - 4 - 38 - 2 529 22 - 1 - 3 - 19 5 51 30 - 6 - 48 - 17 - - 17 1 1 25Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - 554 - 460 - 417 - 5 - 5 - 26 - - 24 - - - - 10 - 5 - - 404 - 42 - 3 - - 3 2 2 - 94Chemicals and chemical products 2 867 2 531 4 267 41 - 89 219 59 8 3 820 1 - 191 - 135 291 3 36 - 26 230 48 -1 785 - 153 -1 632 1 1 336Rubber and plastic products 672 563 110 7 49 - 2 3 - 1 - 19 - - 13 9 - 29 38 - 2 11 58 1 444 89 355 8 8 109Metal and metal products 434 313 175 17 - 146 85 4 - 3 244 - 4 - 5 - 11 - 26 - 11 73 - 1 - 39 207 - 63 7 - 70 - 6 - 6 121Machinery and equipment - 44 - 31 382 - 57 26 - 44 45 - 3 - 60 - 24 139 96 330 - 28 - 64 31 - 2 60 - 422 18 - 440 - 51 - 51 - 13Electrical and electronic equipment - 547 - 533 - 794 - 82 125 - 6 10 61 623 1 50 - 50 -1 845 7 - 7 85 234 3 220 1 219 38 38 - 14

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 76 - 1 21 1 190 - 7 - 6 - 28 1 60 - 11 - 282 2 - 4 82 - 8 - 11 - - 11 - 3 - 3 - 75Radio, television and communication apparatus - 471 - 531 - 815 - 83 - 65 - 6 3 67 651 - - 11 - 40 -1 563 4 - 7 81 152 12 230 1 229 42 42 60

Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 4 016 4 889 3 344 1 1 139 - 39 11 - 39 - 415 13 - 152 505 2 076 56 184 38 - 33 - 1 1 496 - 39 1 535 50 50 - 873Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 3 468 4 398 2 817 13 905 - 39 10 - 39 - 102 7 - 165 504 1 105 55 146 140 279 75 1 455 - 49 1 504 51 51 - 930Other transport equipment 549 492 528 - 12 234 - 1 - - 313 6 14 1 972 1 37 - 102 - 312 - 76 41 10 31 - 1 - 1 57

Tertiary 19 698 13 723 9 195 691 77 1 753 - 18 346 4 566 129 - 608 1 341 -18 587 291 202 801 18 213 - 975 5 391 - 100 5 491 112 112 5 975Electricity, gas and water 5 888 339 248 12 2 - 56 - 27 - - 71 - - 221 192 - 11 2 - - 14 1 90 - 90 - - 5 549Construction 246 99 106 40 - - 1 - - 4 12 - - 12 2 1 22 6 15 - 4 - 3 6 - 9 - - 147Trade 1 239 475 154 15 37 - 53 - 58 25 - 39 8 42 94 - 220 45 28 - 70 299 - 62 309 175 134 74 74 764Hotels and restaurants - 8 - 8 - 12 1 - - - - - 2 - - - 3 - - 43 - 30 4 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications -9 083 -8 126 -4 101 101 - 41 21 25 - 20 - 18 - 4 9 23 -3 067 4 68 - 414 - 787 992 -5 016 - 21 -4 995 - 1 - 1 - 957

Transport and storage 10 - 52 - 26 4 - 35 8 16 - 20 1 - 2 2 - 5 - - 1 - 7 8 - - 23 - 21 - 2 - 3 - 3 62 Land transport 88 43 44 4 - 40 8 16 33 1 - 2 3 - 3 - - 1 - 20 1 - 2 - - 2 - - 45Sea and coastal water transport - 82 - 97 - 72 - 5 - - - 53 - 1 - - - - 2 - - - 6 - 15 - - 22 - 20 - 2 - 3 - 3 15 Air transport 5 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 3 - - - 2 2 - - 3

Telecommunications -9 216 -9 043 -4 128 83 25 7 9 - - 34 - 7 23 -3 114 - 77 - 407 - 801 78 -4 996 - 3 -4 993 3 3 - 173Finance 14 849 14 900 10 959 - 114 110 2 680 - 18 111 3 107 - 25 - 747 729 624 196 868 186 3 252 - 818 4 735 - 15 4 750 24 24 - 51

Financial Intermediation 9 328 8 412 7 576 14 177 804 20 110 3 174 9 - 908 226 - 147 200 1 002 163 2 730 28 778 2 776 30 30 916Monetary intermediation 1 090 197 - 457 - 39 - 142 676 - 1 11 227 9 - 934 56 - 756 5 - 57 - 3 489 - 3 658 2 656 - 1 - 1 893Other financial intermediation 8 238 8 215 8 033 53 319 128 21 99 2 947 - 26 170 609 195 1 059 166 2 241 31 120 - 120 31 31 23

Other financial intermediation n.e.c. 6 874 6 842 6 678 53 294 90 - 99 2 739 - 26 169 544 217 1 060 166 1 222 31 102 - 102 31 31 32Insurance and Pension Funding 5 521 6 487 3 383 - 128 - 67 1 877 - 38 1 - 67 - 34 160 502 771 - 4 - 134 24 522 - 846 3 957 - 17 3 974 - 7 - 7 - 966

Business activities 5 200 4 869 1 113 523 - 47 - 834 54 231 1 379 129 85 191 -16 146 40 - 943 1 083 15 367 -1 200 4 942 - 259 5 201 14 14 331Real estate 1 667 1 499 97 87 - 215 - 41 - - 74 1 - - 33 205 4 77 - 111 11 - 2 1 404 - 2 1 406 - - 168Computer and related activities 177 200 301 - 17 12 - 117 - 3 - 130 2 133 16 57 9 - 38 - 1 11 60 - 105 6 - 111 - 56 - 56 - 23Research and development 33 57 - 14 9 - - - - - 1 - 1 - - 8 - - 8 - 25 18 28 43 3 40 - - - 24Other business activities 2 659 2 722 448 444 155 - 764 54 230 1 235 126 - 138 194 -16 680 26 - 984 1 222 15 328 -1 309 3 513 - 267 3 780 70 70 - 63

Business and management consultancy 7 142 6 789 6 426 74 47 - 57 - 1 - 1 - 32 1 60 - 24 674 13 30 14 5 627 120 213 14 199 30 30 353Other business activities n.e.c -4 483 -4 067 -5 978 370 108 - 707 55 231 1 267 125 - 198 218 -17 354 13 -1 014 1 208 9 701 -1 429 3 300 - 281 3 581 40 40 - 416

Other services 1 367 1 175 728 113 16 - 4 6 3 198 21 3 71 25 16 200 10 51 112 334 14 320 1 1 192Unspecified 3 390 - 101 1 011 485 -1 083 33 65 1 346 - 28 67 346 891 149 402 311 -4 098 603 - 441 - 288 - 153 - 193 - 193 3 522



Table 11. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, 1991-2003(Millions of Euros)

Sector / industry 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 96 109 98 998 102 505 110 194 121 605 129 191 145 536 176 875 234 177 291 900 308 812 283 968 306 042

Primary 124 119 278 815 1 212 1 232 1 314 1 194 1 517 1 482 1 661 2 064 4 435Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 78 104 106 114 126 151 165 173 242 194 185 185 182Mining, quarrying and petroleum 46 15 172 701 1 086 1 081 1 149 1 021 1 275 1 288 1 475 1 879 4 253

Mining and quarrying 39 7 2 452 587 585 597 567 817 754 755 860 861Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 6 8 170 250 499 496 552 455 458 534 720 1 019 3 392

Secondary 48 644 47 925 47 771 48 941 52 932 53 269 60 964 68 244 82 377 92 900 102 187 108 169 111 169Food, beverages and tobacco 4 445 4 303 4 721 4 688 5 176 4 555 4 733 5 532 5 396 5 456 5 702 7 014 7 729

Food products and beverages 3 317 3 326 3 681 3 685 4 171 3 884 4 064 4 454 4 336 4 376 3 913 4 954 5 273Tobacco products 1 127 977 1 040 1 002 1 006 671 668 1 078 1 060 1 080 1 790 2 059 2 456

Textiles, clothing and leather 736 1 003 1 017 1 079 995 967 839 931 1 061 1 127 1 104 1 168 1 155Textiles 548 712 712 578 507 486 500 529 578 574 554 565 536Clothing 93 117 141 209 414 406 259 296 367 380 389 434 496Leather and leather products 95 174 165 292 75 75 80 107 116 173 161 169 123

Wood and wood products 1 584 1 797 1 971 2 391 2 101 2 601 2 746 3 498 4 023 4 353 5 518 5 722 5 697Sawmilling and planing of wood 31 35 50 78 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products 108 133 132 192 137 199 231 537 507 508 745 791 922Paper and paper products 1 445 1 628 1 789 2 121 1 964 2 402 2 515 2 960 3 516 3 845 4 774 4 931 4 775

Publishing and printing 41 49 48 34 515 532 646 464 764 1 259 1 607 1 593 1 828Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 4 298 4 303 3 042 2 950 4 265 3 596 4 807 4 709 4 904 2 700 2 598 1 744 4 938Chemicals and chemical products 9 104 9 255 9 906 9 600 11 069 11 973 15 698 16 538 20 643 19 788 23 018 23 885 23 221Rubber and plastic products 2 419 2 703 2 438 2 616 2 508 2 627 2 678 3 384 4 029 4 299 4 341 5 326 5 414

Manufacture of rubber products 1 023 1 036 829 957 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of plastic products 1 396 1 666 1 609 1 660 - - - - - - - - -

Non-metallic mineral products 1 549 1 642 2 166 2 227 1 873 1 893 2 033 2 769 2 996 3 616 4 001 3 207 3 138Manufacture of glass and glass products 600 628 706 784 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c. 949 1 014 1 460 1 443 - - - - - - - - -

Metal and metal products 3 851 3 699 4 023 4 033 4 362 4 311 4 667 5 403 5 966 7 074 7 160 9 733 9 212Basic metals 2 087 1 954 2 161 2 220 - - - - - - 3 426 6 148 5 331Fabricated metal products 1 764 1 746 1 862 1 814 1 881 2 129 2 316 2 442 3 036 3 373 3 734 3 585 3 881

Machinery and equipment 3 837 3 966 4 072 4 353 5 745 5 977 6 890 7 058 8 226 9 646 9 961 11 563 10 367Electrical and electronic equipment 10 264 9 123 8 849 8 414 6 182 6 449 7 227 8 094 13 524 17 326 19 413 17 757 18 352

Office, accounting and computing machinery 3 402 2 116 1 905 2 017 1 774 1 411 1 474 1 439 2 063 3 371 3 661 1 196 1 537Electrical machinery and apparatus 6 862 7 007 6 944 6 398 2 350 2 041 2 231 2 633 3 575 5 017 6 384 4 538 4 502Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - 2 058 2 997 3 521 4 022 7 886 8 938 9 368 12 023 12 313

Precision instruments 888 902 943 1 106 2 126 2 099 2 112 2 562 2 675 3 455 4 513 4 540 4 945Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 5 485 4 983 3 979 4 877 5 563 5 175 5 304 6 613 7 184 12 160 12 618 14 167 14 418

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 5 179 4 553 3 481 4 370 4 788 3 990 4 092 4 972 5 450 7 467 7 535 8 776 8 213Other transport equipment 306 429 498 508 776 1 185 1 212 1 641 1 734 4 693 5 083 5 391 6 205

Other manufacturing 145 196 597 573 428 496 540 626 931 578 563 695 666Recycling - - - - 21 19 46 63 55 66 70 55 88

Tertiary 47 341 50 953 54 456 60 437 67 462 74 691 83 257 107 437 150 283 197 518 204 965 173 741 190 439Electricity, gas and water 227 247 273 321 394 356 459 541 1 896 2 519 3 403 1 121 1 068Construction 419 559 569 839 591 558 676 1 090 1 050 1 050 1 031 1 171 1 162Trade 21 852 21 878 22 788 24 583 24 974 26 269 28 491 28 976 34 207 38 414 39 186 36 914 38 589Hotels and restaurants 576 856 771 701 576 607 677 720 899 1 047 1 252 1 483 1 393Transport, storage and communications 831 1 071 1 022 1 186 1 436 1 519 1 953 1 592 3 918 6 964 21 247 20 448 19 736

Transport and storage - - - - 1 106 1 143 1 541 951 1 369 1 426 1 613 1 961 1 951Post and communications - - - - 330 375 412 641 2 549 5 538 19 634 18 486 17 785

Finance 10 222 10 685 12 538 12 404 14 289 17 204 17 298 26 203 39 000 44 985 38 518 28 648 26 616Financial Intermediation 7 414 7 616 9 521 9 414 10 773 13 636 13 252 21 289 32 016 39 231 32 505 23 107 20 243

Monetary intermediation 7 259 7 507 9 296 9 193 10 159 9 500 9 248 12 024 13 954 15 328 13 788 17 133 16 953Other financial intermediation 32 33 24 30 614 4 135 4 004 9 265 18 062 23 903 18 717 5 974 3 290

Insurance and Pension Funding 1 660 1 885 1 976 2 134 3 425 3 495 3 741 4 705 6 741 5 493 4 665 4 323 4 878Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 1 148 1 184 1 042 857 90 74 305 209 243 261 1 348 1 218 1 495

Business activities 12 780 15 044 15 542 19 603 24 300 27 301 32 849 46 858 68 023 100 601 98 317 80 646 96 175Real estate 2 379 2 891 2 526 2 859 3 512 4 214 3 844 4 555 4 772 4 703 5 199 4 926 5 072Rental Activities 649 565 581 498 769 765 1 461 1 711 2 571 4 113 4 041 4 403 3 835Computer and related activities - - - - 998 1 236 1 833 2 136 2 339 3 314 3 438 3 952 4 628Research and development - - - - 61 64 72 94 149 205 269 296 236Other business activities 9 751 11 588 12 435 16 246 18 960 21 022 25 639 38 362 58 192 88 266 85 371 67 068 82 404

Business activities n.e.c. 8 511 9 921 10 429 14 281 16 539 18 705 22 841 34 182 50 293 80 789 76 287 55 605 69 171Education - - - - 39 29 18 34 81 90 102 78 85Health and social services - - - - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Community, social and personal service activities - - - - 865 847 835 1 423 1 209 1 848 1 910 3 232 5 615

Sewage and waste disposal, sanitation activities - - - - 172 175 123 132 206 211 221 208 222Other services 435 613 952 799 - - - - - - - - -

Unspecified - 1 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 1 - - - - 1 - 6 - 1

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Kapitalverflechtung mit dem Ausland, Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 10, various issues.


Table 12. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1991-2003(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total world 96 109 98 998 102 505 110 194 121 605 129 191 145 536 176 875 234 177 291 900 308 812 283 968 306 042

Developed countries 93 421 95 436 98 320 105 941 116 229 123 577 139 788 170 756 228 073 284 568 301 406 276 168 297 749Western Europe 56 405 58 900 62 303 69 056 76 351 81 960 94 803 116 902 163 050 210 452 228 689 217 632 241 276

European Union 42 761 45 704 48 976 55 048 60 983 65 357 75 852 98 254 140 903 189 885 207 425 192 482 212 859Austria 1 895 2 501 2 530 2 708 3 244 3 253 3 790 5 526 6 358 7 252 8 932 10 175 9 576Belgium 1 076 1 384 1 828 2 078 2 039 2 601 2 983 3 987 5 132 6 515 9 239 9 271 7 081Denmark 1 074 1 315 1 321 1 504 1 391 1 385 1 750 1 897 3 387 4 044 3 991 3 994 4 151Finland 820 725 856 1 190 1 272 1 351 1 754 2 421 1 644 1 960 2 195 3 336 4 197France 6 592 6 915 8 088 9 334 11 313 12 134 14 344 15 816 24 384 28 871 30 367 32 064 45 201Greece 51 36 26 24 27 30 29 62 72 37 35 84 115Ireland 35 30 49 134 128 120 170 529 940 974 1 091 2 563 2 399Italy 2 317 2 234 1 552 1 505 2 153 2 071 2 244 5 189 6 287 4 174 4 402 5 470 5 869Luxembourg 768 939 1 340 1 841 2 205 2 285 2 507 4 213 14 404 44 875 49 540 29 096 30 524Netherlands 15 644 17 615 20 632 22 638 24 917 27 081 31 136 40 040 47 546 61 260 55 025 57 511 58 047Portugal 7 12 22 15 9 20 19 11 19 112 114 105 108Spain 552 603 580 511 537 501 1 058 2 541 3 122 1 829 10 905 2 312 3 998Sweden 5 063 4 611 3 485 4 029 3 965 4 149 4 528 4 357 5 389 8 333 7 929 7 728 6 783United Kingdom 6 868 6 828 6 666 7 534 7 784 8 376 9 538 11 666 22 219 19 648 23 662 28 772 34 809

Other Western Europe 13 644 13 195 13 328 14 008 15 368 16 602 18 952 18 647 22 147 20 567 21 264 25 150 28 417Iceland .. .. 6 3 - - - - - - 13 13 -Liechtenstein - - - - 687 327 433 343 479 617 724 717 659Norway 314 383 826 791 705 691 736 799 889 936 738 2 753 1 729Switzerland 13 329 12 812 12 495 13 215 13 977 15 584 17 783 17 505 20 779 19 014 19 787 21 664 23 196

North America 29 404 28 475 27 915 29 030 31 503 33 910 36 861 44 968 56 172 64 226 61 599 48 022 44 525Canada 1 420 1 399 1 457 1 388 1 629 817 739 1 176 1 130 1 199 1 444 1 936 2 461United States 27 985 27 076 26 458 27 641 29 874 33 093 36 122 43 792 55 042 63 027 60 155 46 086 42 064

Other developed countries 7 612 8 061 8 101 7 855 8 375 7 708 8 123 8 886 8 851 9 890 11 118 10 515 11 948Australia 123 177 140 148 121 140 126 129 87 112 78 89 53Israel 95 110 157 195 207 208 239 292 277 514 424 391 723Japan 7 384 7 771 7 800 7 508 7 937 7 328 7 723 8 427 8 383 9 216 9 909 9 343 10 228New Zealand 8 .. - - 2 3 5 - - - - - -South Africa 3 3 4 4 109 29 31 38 104 48 707 692 944

Developing economies 2 094 2 794 3 396 3 616 4 145 4 411 4 572 5 001 4 947 5 984 6 115 6 565 6 399Africa 41 63 44 43 27 31 34 53 53 68 68 72 53

North Africa 35 54 39 39 19 14 22 26 12 8 26 26 0Egypt - 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 - - - - -Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 25 41 26 26 6 - 8 12 12 8 10 0 0Tunisia 10 .. - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean 839 1 136 1 344 1 191 1 226 1 081 1 000 1 150 1 187 1 639 1 740 1 733 1 817South America 348 317 347 314 305 126 157 151 120 106 120 152 124

Argentina 250 237 233 208 212 40 49 40 39 23 29 31 32Brazil 69 64 75 76 81 74 87 95 64 67 44 65 68Chile 15 .. 15 18 .. - - - - - - - -Uruguay 13 14 24 12 12 12 22 17 17 16 18 24 24Venezuela 2 2 .. .. .. - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 476 787 985 861 891 927 815 971 990 1 493 1 620 1 580 1 648

Bahamas 69 100 78 71 77 15 21 31 31 22 22 0 0Bermuda 94 99 147 126 208 264 30 75 115 163 173 260 411British Virgin Islands - - - - 74 48 128 90 108 121 164 121 141Cayman Islands 36 39 103 96 148 161 238 347 294 540 650 638 736Mexico 6 4 2 1 2 - 1 - 2 - 6 - 1 8 8 3 54Netherlands Antilles 244 368 414 315 295 339 306 294 325 322 261 85 87Panama 27 141 161 128 87 101 93 140 118 317 329 460 219Virgin Islands - 36 80 125 - - - - - - - - -

Developing Europe 236 417 258 248 230 224 184 174 141 165 202 200 173Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - .. 25 24 9 8 8 6 8 0 0Croatia - - - .. 51 47 43 37 39 36 43 26 23Malta - - - .. 7 1 2 - 1 - - 6 14 -Slovenia - 210 258 248 70 65 59 76 70 92 107 109 121TFYR of Macedonia - - - .. 12 13 13 13 8 6 5 0 -Yugoslavia (former) 236 207 .. .. 66 75 57 41 16 25 33 39 29

Asia 978 1 178 1 683 2 076 2 599 3 076 3 355 3 624 3 566 4 010 4 105 4 559 4 356West Asia 482 685 926 934 1 163 1 498 1 533 2 124 1 875 1 995 2 795 3 001 2 063

Cyprus 43 29 56 52 60 51 48 57 93 118 167 237 240Iran, Islamic Republic of 330 522 743 704 874 1 191 1 183 1 647 1 176 1 287 1 029 1 063 707Kuwait 24 36 23 36 32 30 12 15 181 110 1 003 1 095 1 107Lebanon - - - .. 1 2 1 1 3 - 1 0 0Saudi Arabia 7 8 7 5 4 5 5 10 4 8 8 11 9Turkey 78 90 98 138 192 219 285 395 418 472 574 595 -

/…


Table 12. FDI stocks in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1991-2003(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003South, East and South-East Asia 496 493 790 1 189 1 479 1 578 1 821 1 500 1 691 2 015 1 310 1 558 2 293

China 36 50 70 62 61 61 93 73 126 157 177 153 146Hong Kong, China 40 53 67 78 72 59 69 78 94 222 63 36 73India 27 30 30 30 31 44 48 62 74 72 76 57 77Indonesia 31 19 22 24 23 26 31 31 3 5 7 12 13Malaysia - - 2 2 .. - - - - - 28 18 -Pakistan 7 8 8 8 13 14 13 14 14 13 14 13 13Republic of Korea 268 232 490 860 1 114 1 222 1 334 1 076 1 188 1 339 783 1 027 1 804Singapore .. 10 13 22 38 13 58 30 35 60 38 53 49Taiwan Province of China 70 75 68 82 97 115 161 126 148 138 119 139 118Thailand 17 16 19 21 30 24 14 9 9 9 0 50 0

Central and Eastern Europe 560 788 731 600 1 221 1 166 1 129 1 079 1 107 1 348 1 291 1 229 1 147Belarus - .. .. .. 11 11 9 9 7 9 7 10 5Bulgaria 30 27 26 22 20 16 15 17 13 5 4 0 -Czech Republic 125 126 88 54 89 90 71 70 56 185 176 184 173Hungary 56 58 41 40 39 28 24 26 56 52 46 63 75Poland 128 143 135 120 128 127 118 117 124 126 104 61 62Romania 13 12 13 13 28 29 30 29 23 .. 23 0 0Russian Federation 207 411 410 308 880 834 844 799 818 933 923 874 832Slovakia - - 10 22 15 27 16 10 8 15 5 0 0Ukraine - - - .. 10 4 3 4 2 1 1 0 0

Unspecified 34 - 20 58 38 9 37 47 38 50 - - 6 747



Table 13. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry and country of origin, 2003(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Industry Tota

l wor

ld

Dev

elop

ed

coun

trie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Eur

opea

n U

nion

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Den

mar

k

Finl

and

Fran

ce

Italy

Luxe

mbo

urg

Net

herla

nds

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

econ

omie

s

Uns

peci

fied

Total 306 042 296 958 236 055 212 859 9 576 7 081 4 151 4 197 45 201 5 869 30 524 58 047 6 783 34 809 44 525 2 461 42 064 10 228 7 574 1 510Secondary 111 169 109 407 83 731 73 691 2 950 4 053 1 199 2 670 12 903 1 691 5 218 25 122 2 080 12 866 20 936 2 025 18 911 2 195 1 743 19

Food, beverages and tobacco 5 273 5 267 4 770 2 917 33 30 283 - 316 .. 666 812 .. 590 135 .. 135 44 - 6Textiles, clothing and leather 536 536 391 352 - 1 15 .. - 104 18 43 126 - 43 134 - 134 - - -Paper and paper products 4 775 4 775 3 433 3 394 509 .. .. 997 591 .. 103 567 44 293 999 408 591 200 - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 4 938 4 784 4 784 4 784 - .. - - .. - .. 191 - 3 672 - - - - - 154Chemicals and chemical products 23 221 22 947 18 092 16 245 154 1 333 125 .. 3 540 261 1 024 5 374 108 4 200 3 975 .. 3 975 405 274 -Rubber and plastic products 5 414 5 407 4 389 3 578 326 51 64 53 338 70 639 1 492 .. 179 950 131 819 36 6 1Metal and metal products 9 212 9 177 6 675 5 859 292 1 033 33 .. 1 161 204 705 1 272 181 388 1 076 15 1 061 .. 32 3

Basic metals 5 331 5 326 3 768 3 469 120 925 - .. 951 52 103 656 .. 105 257 .. 257 .. 4 1Fabricated metal products 3 881 3 851 2 907 2 390 172 108 33 .. 210 152 602 616 181 283 819 15 804 - 28 2

Machinery and equipment 10 367 9 915 6 358 4 942 168 54 166 40 241 423 789 2 203 413 408 3 260 222 3 038 241 450 2Electrical and electronic equipment 6 027 5 900 3 452 3 355 57 .. 188 2 676 33 134 1 832 166 231 2 193 10 2 183 232 127 -

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1 537 1 537 1 305 1 305 - .. - - 20 - .. 1 255 - - 117 - 117 110 - -Precision instruments 4 945 4 849 3 250 2 615 119 50 46 .. 197 26 488 1 048 158 336 1 534 - 1 534 46 96 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 8 214 8 162 5 690 5 612 199 376 20 - 515 164 141 1 120 134 1 449 2 207 26 2 181 .. 52 -Unspecified secondary 28 247 27 688 22 447 20 038 1 094 1 111 274 1 578 5 224 492 486 9 085 876 1 077 4 473 1 213 3 260 991 706 - 147

Tertiary 168 794 161 584 130 864 118 339 5 750 2 208 2 657 1 512 26 674 4 156 20 139 28 154 2 906 19 532 19 318 419 18 899 7 988 5 705 1 505Construction 1 162 1 097 1 086 1 002 293 58 9 - 212 - 3 14 331 - 88 .. - .. - .. 65Trade 38 589 35 602 22 532 20 073 801 684 1 041 254 3 092 602 1 102 8 207 382 2 914 5 804 45 5 759 6 791 2 137 850Transport, storage and communications 19 736 19 628 18 060 17 861 10 256 86 150 494 262 3 269 997 283 12 012 1 529 - 1 529 39 83 25Finance 21 831 20 877 16 464 15 201 86 181 83 .. 2 140 331 1 089 5 865 .. 2 101 2 874 - 2 874 948 667 287

Financial Intermediation 16 953 16 031 11 943 11 320 86 181 83 .. 1 689 331 286 3 764 .. 1 910 2 562 - 2 562 948 667 255Insurance and Pension Funding 4 878 4 846 4 521 3 881 - .. - - 451 .. 803 2 101 .. 191 312 - 312 - .. 32

Business activities 87 476 84 380 72 722 64 202 4 560 1 029 1 438 1 108 20 736 2 964 14 665 12 754 2 241 2 417 9 111 374 8 737 210 2 818 278Real estate 5 072 5 017 4 317 3 544 285 45 26 59 402 14 491 1 910 129 174 597 83 514 55 52 3Other business activities 82 404 79 363 68 405 60 658 4 275 984 1 412 1 049 20 334 2 950 14 174 10 844 2 112 2 243 8 514 291 8 223 155 2 766 275

Unspecified 26 079 25 967 21 460 20 829 876 820 295 15 5 624 22 5 167 4 771 1 797 2 411 4 271 17 4 254 45 126 - 14



Table 14. FDI stocks abroad, by industry, 1991-2003(Millions of Euros)


Primary 1 931 2 080 1 894 1 496 1 483 1 829 1 862 1 432 2 423 3 313 3 835 2 714 1 952Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 71 80 84 74 80 100 126 159 159 175 197 148 140Mining, quarrying and petroleum 1 860 2 000 1 809 1 422 1 403 1 729 1 736 1 273 2 264 3 138 3 638 2 566 1 812

Mining and quarrying 681 881 699 517 548 530 590 369 560 650 816 304 152Mining of coal and lignite, Extraction of peat 165 411 236 201 - - - - - - - - -Other mining and quarrying 306 327 310 190 - - - - - - - - -

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 1 179 1 119 1 110 904 855 1 199 1 146 904 1 704 2 488 2 822 2 262 1 660Secondary 70 622 74 386 79 380 83 962 84 442 96 013 123 453 134 809 157 959 220 234 216 913 208 432 199 323

Food, beverages and tobacco 1 127 1 499 1 407 1 588 1 725 1 834 2 108 2 040 2 165 2 310 2 362 3 861 3 915Tobacco products 270 475 278 274 283 253 451 485 492 426 333 347 310

Textiles, clothing and leather 1 380 1 483 1 547 1 535 1 661 1 896 2 588 2 864 3 644 4 473 5 734 5 308 5 340Textiles 625 688 688 675 686 693 816 764 789 830 906 725 692Clothing 256 361 376 419 763 954 1 506 1 827 2 493 3 294 4 376 4 113 4 112Leather and leather products 500 435 483 441 212 250 267 273 362 349 452 470 536

Wood and wood products 1 506 1 454 1 729 1 448 964 1 101 1 222 1 883 1 315 1 445 1 378 1 277 1 071Sawmilling and planing of wood 56 69 100 86 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products 96 94 107 126 144 141 246 549 409 440 483 431 445Paper and paper products 1 353 1 291 1 522 1 236 820 961 976 1 334 906 1 005 895 846 626

Publishing and printing 81 90 67 73 692 798 904 975 1 122 1 360 1 262 1 175 905Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 1 471 1 810 875 939 1 253 1 204 1 579 2 077 1 061 1 206 374 536 318Chemicals and chemical products 21 949 23 717 26 129 27 607 29 545 33 234 36 842 32 761 37 255 46 046 48 240 42 793 41 488Rubber and plastic products 1 720 1 800 1 911 1 718 1 676 1 831 2 187 2 596 3 598 3 561 4 625 5 590 5 718

Manufacture of rubber products 1 090 1 101 1 150 933 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of plastic products 630 699 761 786 - - - - - - - - -

Non-metallic mineral products 1 645 1 638 1 911 2 078 1 890 2 441 2 756 3 118 5 118 4 733 5 183 4 889 4 782Manufacture of glass and glass products 621 579 779 757 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products n.e.c 1 024 1 059 1 131 1 322 - - - - - - - - -

Metal and metal products 3 942 3 800 4 283 5 174 3 594 3 821 4 540 4 491 4 772 5 248 5 379 4 862 4 497Basic metals 2 302 2 184 2 506 3 459 - - - - - 2 334 2 144 2 027 1 954

Manufacture of basic iron and steel 858 908 852 1 035 - - - - - - - - -Casting of metals 1 444 1 277 1 654 2 424 - - - - - - - - -

Casting of iron and steel 46 53 50 65 - - - - - - - - -Casting of non-ferrous metals 1 398 1 224 1 604 2 359 - - - - - - - - -

Fabricated metal products 1 640 1 616 1 777 1 715 1 767 1 919 2 557 2 756 2 983 2 914 3 235 2 835 2 543Machinery and equipment 8 824 9 104 9 756 9 653 9 307 10 515 11 148 11 849 11 171 16 032 16 625 14 031 13 703Electrical and electronic equipment 13 406 13 038 14 167 13 795 14 257 17 025 20 446 20 302 24 621 24 948 21 599 17 409 21 429

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1 033 800 582 502 653 608 682 255 118 712 747 53 86Electrical machinery and apparatus 12 372 12 238 13 585 13 294 13 288 15 628 18 844 19 183 21 857 19 814 16 232 12 422 16 688Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - 315 789 920 864 2 646 4 422 4 620 4 934 4 655

Precision instruments 945 965 955 984 1 652 1 728 1 559 1 833 2 477 3 055 3 506 2 576 2 459Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 12 561 13 912 14 550 17 233 15 907 18 159 35 097 47 434 59 089 105 232 100 175 103 820 93 451

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 11 693 13 076 13 649 16 018 14 933 17 617 34 502 46 979 58 526 97 948 99 260 103 151 92 963Other transport equipment 868 835 901 1 215 974 542 595 455 563 7 284 915 669 488

Other manufacturing 64 76 91 135 290 383 448 547 527 574 450 299 240Manufacturing n.e.c. 44 55 62 66 290 383 448 547 527 574 450 299 240

Recycling - - - - 30 42 27 39 23 13 20 7 9Tertiary 61 748 70 715 83 062 93 300 110 810 133 361 157 670 182 385 251 112 358 791 480 225 452 337 464 564

Electricity, gas and water 783 886 1 358 1 576 1 796 2 251 2 205 1 471 1 802 1 993 1 338 3 516 3 946Construction 718 729 865 1 040 1 015 1 185 1 371 1 387 1 990 2 020 887 922 1 160Trade 5 936 6 236 6 469 5 787 6 715 6 592 7 613 8 129 9 980 11 153 13 162 11 179 10 678Hotels and restaurants 153 174 191 184 194 159 152 164 176 206 216 226 161Transport, storage and communications 1 391 1 154 1 821 2 048 2 172 3 070 2 285 2 486 4 183 7 126 18 138 9 223 8 830

Transport and storage - - - - 1 197 1 446 1 351 1 576 2 248 3 907 5 775 5 870 6 140Post and communications - - - - 975 1 624 934 910 1 935 3 219 12 363 3 353 2 690

Finance 24 571 27 043 32 136 28 691 30 504 35 467 46 512 49 990 71 745 117 857 129 345 128 162 135 091Financial Intermediation 11 568 12 820 16 320 19 451 22 877 27 463 36 463 38 604 57 558 101 465 110 861 107 722 113 402

Monetary intermediation 11 391 12 620 15 966 18 747 21 740 26 196 34 918 36 935 54 823 98 920 108 520 105 967 111 717Other financial intermediation 45 85 156 229 .. .. .. .. .. 2 545 2 341 1 755 1 685

Insurance and Pension Funding 11 964 13 175 14 429 7 880 7 563 7 931 9 975 11 279 14 059 15 774 17 302 17 301 16 784Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 1 038 1 048 1 388 1 361 64 74 74 106 128 618 1 182 3 139 4 905

Business activities 23 483 29 099 34 463 48 711 63 410 79 721 91 937 113 006 154 094 209 820 307 988 292 335 299 264Real estate 352 635 722 917 688 992 1 051 1 783 2 310 2 994 4 099 4 533 5 026Rental Activities 78 92 67 44 67 .. .. .. 704 972 978 1 409 1 396Computer and related activities - - - - 590 814 1 257 1 587 2 002 2 655 4 158 4 186 4 506Research and development - - - - 48 .. .. .. 23 136 192 172 161Other business activities 23 053 28 373 33 674 47 750 62 018 77 814 89 264 109 172 149 056 203 064 298 561 282 035 288 175

Business activities n.e.c. 22 480 27 767 32 987 46 705 60 204 75 761 86 426 105 902 143 794 196 621 291 742 276 326 280 467Education 112 90 108 90 100 56 71 59 45 19 16 22 19Health and social services .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Community, social and personal service activities - - - - 342 382 313 372 781 1 819 2 109 1 061 605

Sewage and waste disposal, sanitation activities - - - - 90 118 98 201 285 170 162 189 186Other services 4 601 5 304 5 651 5 173 4 561 4 477 5 212 5 322 6 316 6 778 7 026 5 691 4 810Private households with employed persons 3 754 4 009 4 275 4 147 4 561 4 477 5 212 5 322 6 316 6 778 7 026 5 691 4 810

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Kapitalverflechtung mit dem Ausland, Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 10, various issues.


Table 15. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, 1991-2003(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total world 134 301 147 182 164 334 178 757 196 734 231 203 282 985 318 627 411 493 582 338 700 973 663 482 665 839

Developed countries 120 517 130 747 144 188 155 092 170 500 197 823 240 137 268 703 348 473 498 873 604 304 570 145 573 840Western Europe 81 372 87 461 93 721 103 476 117 102 130 836 150 013 164 268 196 031 260 536 291 789 297 071 321 801

European Union 74 506 80 780 86 410 95 480 107 988 121 752 138 596 151 188 182 077 241 739 271 722 279 994 300 961Austria 5 004 5 751 6 273 6 986 7 497 8 402 9 394 10 865 11 789 18 509 19 156 19 669 21 143Belgium 9 906 12 854 13 914 14 279 14 139 15 654 16 744 17 198 18 965 23 930 25 307 25 976 28 189Luxembourg 4 487 5 262 6 456 7 523 8 220 8 870 11 206 12 468 15 585 19 958 28 572 25 847 26 329Denmark 801 854 982 1 104 1 589 1 735 1 832 2 323 2 113 2 565 2 690 2 506 2 682Finland 195 188 204 297 332 378 467 529 747 1 055 1 132 1 429 1 905France 12 153 13 278 13 513 14 585 16 054 18 095 18 889 23 427 23 508 33 003 42 047 41 438 41 090Greece 546 580 602 556 594 593 977 1 125 1 316 1 197 1 399 1 303 1 374Ireland 6 571 7 469 8 713 8 873 9 228 9 300 9 761 9 201 10 115 8 198 8 169 8 422 8 539Italy 7 128 6 612 6 847 7 171 8 011 10 146 11 677 13 401 15 628 18 809 18 513 20 390 21 438Netherlands 8 432 9 384 9 807 10 453 13 164 13 026 14 839 13 637 20 475 36 518 37 321 39 476 52 147Portugal 891 1 117 1 163 1 477 1 580 1 961 2 234 2 676 3 155 3 685 3 670 3 420 3 753Spain 7 686 6 954 5 840 6 596 6 644 7 574 8 470 10 151 11 847 13 529 15 024 17 598 17 894Sweden 849 856 1 203 1 583 1 943 2 092 2 343 2 654 5 987 6 568 6 530 9 092 10 481United Kingdom 9 857 9 621 10 893 13 995 18 994 23 927 29 763 31 531 40 845 54 215 62 192 63 429 63 998

Other Western Europe 6 866 6 681 7 311 7 996 9 113 9 084 11 417 13 080 13 954 18 797 20 067 17 077 20 840Gibraltar - - - - 17 28 32 19 - - - - -Iceland .. .. .. .. - - - 5 1 - 1 - -Liechtenstein - - - - 101 105 135 179 193 234 275 293 304Norway 597 619 661 663 719 887 960 984 1 046 1 417 1 527 1 614 1 509Switzerland 6 268 6 062 6 650 7 333 8 276 8 064 10 290 11 893 12 714 17 146 18 249 15 160 15 700

North America 33 922 37 658 43 443 44 144 45 735 57 756 80 445 94 553 139 047 219 903 294 370 254 109 230 038Canada 3 301 3 641 3 955 3 263 3 073 3 445 4 477 4 643 5 943 6 498 6 857 5 623 6 001United States 30 621 34 017 39 488 40 881 42 661 54 310 75 967 89 910 133 104 213 405 287 513 248 486 224 037

Other developed countries 5 223 5 628 7 024 7 473 7 664 9 231 9 680 9 882 13 395 18 434 18 145 18 965 22 001Australia 1 400 1 406 1 600 2 075 2 031 2 731 2 920 2 846 3 600 5 407 6 308 6 091 6 694Israel 5 12 9 13 11 57 75 84 157 233 255 149 118Japan 2 716 3 061 4 106 3 949 3 919 4 866 4 796 5 158 7 179 9 551 8 925 9 023 8 666New Zealand 56 65 88 112 126 184 161 176 220 254 339 1 036 3 696South Africa 1 046 1 084 1 220 1 323 1 576 1 394 1 728 1 618 2 239 2 989 2 318 2 666 2 827

Developing economies 13 011 15 028 17 362 19 573 20 376 24 199 30 658 34 075 42 790 56 259 64 289 56 718 54 147Africa 847 793 823 654 649 812 949 1 136 1 429 1 816 1 958 1 569 1 495

North Africa 532 479 512 348 370 404 512 735 928 1 145 1 214 1 095 1 050Algeria 31 18 .. .. - - - 43 49 53 51 46 56Egypt 108 80 68 82 75 71 128 173 228 307 375 368 360Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 290 271 335 163 183 202 221 302 283 395 371 293 334Morocco 48 53 48 50 53 67 81 115 192 219 194 184 131Sudan .. .. .. .. - - - - - - - - -Tunisia 54 57 61 53 60 64 81 102 176 171 222 204 169

Other Africa 306 304 246 251 237 347 351 362 440 606 745 465 368Cameroon 9 5 13 8 5 6 7 8 8 4 3 8 -Congo .. .. - - 9 8 - - - - 10 - -Côte d'Ivoire 17 12 11 3 10 11 13 13 25 28 28 22 28Democratic Republic of the Congo - - - - 29 42 30 10 - - - - -Ethiopia 3 2 - - - - - - - - - - -Gabon 59 65 .. .. - - - - - - - - -Ghana 4 3 3 11 18 22 32 33 28 15 16 - -Kenya 28 31 20 35 28 32 25 27 37 52 53 57 54Liberia 5 65 91 99 74 147 135 160 111 145 185 65 48Mauritius 9 4 12 14 10 11 9 15 18 20 23 32 47Namibia - - - - 4 7 5 6 6 48 48 - -Nigeria 107 52 57 53 33 42 72 66 181 265 298 194 191United Republic of Tanzania 2 3 2 3 14 15 19 17 14 12 9 5 -Zaire 15 17 28 21 - - - - - - - - -Zimbabwe 12 9 8 5 3 4 5 8 12 17 19 13 -

Latin America and the Caribbean 8 193 9 270 11 253 13 144 12 602 13 887 18 340 18 978 20 475 26 405 29 971 22 262 20 382South America 5 253 6 104 7 002 9 320 8 285 9 535 11 352 11 286 11 602 14 301 13 748 9 057 7 709

Argentina 878 910 1 014 1 256 1 077 1 309 1 900 1 959 2 425 2 993 2 390 1 033 1 151Bolivia 6 6 4 4 2 3 4 4 4 7 10 16 15Brazil 3 954 4 713 5 413 7 365 6 322 7 084 7 964 7 659 7 179 8 608 8 495 5 426 4 536Chile 118 130 165 254 386 450 593 588 584 811 858 845 613Colombia 123 151 187 269 281 373 480 463 492 543 553 437 504Ecuador 24 28 32 29 29 32 43 37 69 118 127 122 118Paraguay .. 5 6 7 27 32 32 19 17 10 13 17 13Peru 33 24 22 20 21 28 34 70 95 104 162 103 98Uruguay 28 28 35 41 44 53 74 86 113 185 129 101 76Venezuela 89 108 125 74 97 170 228 401 624 922 1 010 956 585

Other Latin America and Caribbean 2 926 3 159 4 244 3 680 4 278 4 258 6 782 7 558 8 763 11 915 16 223 13 195 12 411Bahamas 7 9 7 7 47 49 52 47 56 42 48 46 61Barbados - - .. .. .. - - 157 257 317 309 168 116Bermuda 107 143 217 218 235 184 202 510 588 719 2 680 1 740 1 265British Virgin Islands - - - - 56 72 139 126 171 195 179 125 107Cayman Islands 828 916 1 480 1 379 1 895 1 420 1 983 2 078 1 583 3 398 4 429 4 133 5 422Costa Rica 13 11 13 14 15 19 29 26 32 41 67 65 73Dominican Republic .. 5 7 5 4 6 7 9 18 25 28 29 22

/…


Table 15. FDI stocks abroad, by geographical destination, 1991-2003(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003El Salvador 14 18 22 21 33 39 47 47 57 69 79 65 56Guatemala 27 35 35 42 43 44 76 77 79 82 98 86 77Honduras - .. .. .. 3 2 6 3 2 10 6 11 7Jamaica .. .. .. .. .. - - - 7 - - - -Mexico 1 600 1 728 2 105 1 579 1 530 1 997 3 407 3 483 4 795 5 915 6 802 5 717 4 559Netherlands Antilles 270 227 320 369 312 383 750 902 941 953 996 667 557Nicaragua - - .. .. - - - 4 5 6 6 10 11Panama 59 67 37 46 48 44 85 90 172 143 169 92 78Virgin Islands - - .. .. 56 - - - - - - - -

Developing Europe 288 393 262 324 394 447 572 687 1 212 1 531 1 950 2 171 2 333Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - 5 26 37 56 61 94Croatia .. .. .. .. 83 116 147 174 618 845 1 182 1 333 1 457Malta 76 84 94 111 124 139 156 127 143 171 187 204 186Slovenia .. 128 169 212 161 177 213 272 322 394 448 431 442TFYR of Macedonia .. .. .. .. - - - 8 10 18 17 19 20Yugoslavia (former) 212 181 .. .. 26 16 56 100 93 66 59 123 134

Asia 3 683 4 573 5 024 5 451 6 731 9 053 10 796 13 274 19 674 26 507 30 410 30 716 29 937West Asia 810 1 157 896 669 804 878 1 183 1 357 1 555 2 655 2 364 2 289 2 659

Bahrain .. .. .. .. 10 13 50 5 4 5 7 27 33Cyprus 73 74 48 52 46 71 95 108 161 314 290 176 113Iran, Islamic Republic of 104 365 25 16 21 30 52 44 48 33 37 41 48Lebanon .. .. .. .. 3 3 7 9 15 16 20 21 13Oman 19 13 14 9 17 4 4 7 10 28 25 0 12Saudi Arabia 34 53 58 53 64 44 64 83 85 99 120 142 92Syrian Arab Republic 213 186 173 130 105 78 81 86 - - 30 - -Turkey 356 451 565 383 512 575 781 950 1 147 2 013 1 580 1 597 2 106United Arab Emirates 11 14 12 26 26 61 50 65 85 147 222 210 242

Central Asia - .. .. .. 24 38 38 97 64 194 251 251 130Kazakhstan - .. .. .. 24 38 38 93 61 192 169 178 130Uzbekistan - - - .. - - - 4 3 2 3 1 -

South, East and South-East Asia 2 872 3 416 4 128 4 742 5 903 8 136 9 576 11 820 18 055 23 658 27 769 28 155 27 148Bangladesh - - - - - - - - 17 18 18 18 19China 173 271 376 441 811 1 525 2 729 3 110 4 333 5 618 6 937 6 475 7 278Hong Kong, China 630 768 924 957 1 051 1 354 1 507 1 646 2 602 3 489 3 538 3 722 3 455India 184 167 231 289 422 559 723 721 1 110 1 522 1 672 1 591 1 813Indonesia 105 132 142 163 243 290 195 132 365 497 826 1 076 1 002Malaysia 307 395 426 471 584 795 913 908 1 536 1 652 1 902 1 782 1 770Pakistan 29 39 54 58 78 84 96 118 144 165 212 216 224Philippines 63 80 103 109 140 191 185 236 541 622 703 531 358Republic of Korea 252 282 368 417 529 658 553 1 489 1 956 2 956 4 444 4 902 4 189Singapore 808 883 985 1 288 1 502 1 896 1 742 2 130 3 254 4 934 5 064 5 577 5 294Sri Lanka 42 44 54 54 35 40 43 36 46 65 76 86 94Taiwan Province of China 166 192 223 243 214 238 417 531 931 899 1 011 838 465Thailand 113 164 243 252 281 481 435 734 1 175 1 168 1 278 1 236 1 138Viet Nam - .. .. .. 13 25 38 30 45 53 71 87 49

Central and Eastern Europe 745 1 491 2 611 4 072 5 831 9 134 12 091 15 791 20 067 27 013 32 380 36 612 36 817Estonia - - - - - - - 22 34 47 65 48 125Latvia - .. .. .. 18 31 64 77 124 211 305 243 214Lithuania - .. .. .. 15 17 22 64 54 73 181 234 344Baltic countries - .. .. .. 33 48 86 164 212 331 551 525 683Belarus - .. .. .. 9 10 10 17 14 28 32 30 24Bulgaria 7 8 10 19 31 25 163 189 267 345 412 489 481Czech Republic 275 699 896 1 447 2 140 2 823 3 432 4 509 5 490 7 293 8 258 10 477 11 290Hungary 250 579 1 134 1 424 1 771 3 236 3 898 4 803 5 950 7 187 8 212 9 328 9 801Poland 44 149 320 597 1 043 1 768 2 909 4 301 5 525 7 884 9 509 9 136 7 989Romania 8 16 26 43 81 88 176 358 336 494 738 836 924Russian Federation 130 40 70 206 313 594 713 544 1 058 1 500 2 209 2 197 2 165Slovakia - .. 155 251 344 434 535 744 952 1 668 2 114 3 176 3 254Ukraine - .. .. .. 65 108 170 163 263 283 319 391 206

Unspecified 28 - 84 173 19 28 47 100 58 163 193 - 7 1 035



Table 16. FDI

Region/economy / Industry Tota

l

Seco

ndar

y

Total world 665 839 199 323Developed countries 574 832 167 138

Western Europe 318 170 75 827European Union 300 961 69 953

Austria 21 143 3 918Belgium 28 189 14 219Denmark 2 682 868France 41 090 12 230Ireland 8 539 798Italy 21 438 5 287Luxembourg 26 329 245Netherlands 52 147 8 010Portugal 3 753 1 963Spain 17 894 6 095Sweden 10 481 2 816United Kingdom 63 998 12 752

Other Western Europe 17 209 5 874Norway 1 509 627Switzerland 15 700 5 247

North America 230 038 82 454Canada 6 001 1 454United States 224 037 81 000

Other Developed Countries 21 883 8 568Australia 10 390 2 692Japan 8 666 4 479South Africa 2 827 1 397

Developing economies 51 812 18 721Africa 1 495 302Latin America and the Caribbean 20 382 4 532

South America 5 687 2 545Argentina 1 151 308Brazil 4 536 2 237

Other Latin America and Caribbean 4 559 1 293

Mexico 4 559 1 293Asia 24 092 11 764

West Asia 2 106 996Turkey 2 106 996

South, East and South-East Asia 21 986 10 768

China 7 278 4 675Hong Kong, China 3 455 647Malaysia 1 770 1 036Korea, Republic of 4 189 2 006Singapore 5 294 2 404

Central and Eastern Europe 39 196 13 464Czech Republic 11 290 3 943Hungary 9 801 3 917Poland 7 989 2 509

Unspecified - 1 -

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Kapitalverflechtung mit d


stocks abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2003
(Millions of Euros)
Che

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Tert

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Insu

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Fund

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Bus

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Oth

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ces

Uns

peci

fied

41 488 13 703 16 688 92 963 424 456 10 678 128 501 111 717 16 784 280 467 4 810 42 06035 660 10 858 12 550 81 213 377 965 8 356 116 419 101 003 15 416 248 816 4 374 29 72925 862 7 389 6 713 16 005 219 511 6 817 47 183 40 269 6 914 163 376 2 135 22 83223 443 6 688 5 674 15 466 209 807 6 380 45 833 39 466 6 367 156 325 1 269 21 201

355 548 120 535 15 719 828 5 173 4 998 175 9 278 440 1 5069 722 157 81 1 386 11 301 346 310 206 104 10 587 58 2 669

109 255 85 144 1 269 143 .. .. .. 1 121 5 5455 405 1 345 841 1 096 26 805 1 438 2 113 1 486 627 22 892 362 2 055

441 10 19 102 7 544 145 4 018 2 349 1 669 3 349 32 197 997 968 407 1 793 14 643 551 1 691 1 306 385 12 360 41 1 508

47 .. .. .. 23 969 45 8 241 7 890 351 15 647 36 2 1152 469 487 424 1 821 39 745 737 953 752 201 37 945 110 4 392

229 87 186 376 1 562 316 74 74 .. 1 162 10 2282 105 830 425 1 631 9 695 731 916 708 208 7 958 90 2 104

160 546 26 798 6 207 126 111 85 26 5 965 5 1 4581 193 1 263 2 928 5 509 49 160 827 21 935 19 366 2 569 26 384 14 2 0862 419 701 1 039 539 9 704 437 1 350 803 547 7 051 866 1 631

67 57 .. 64 795 74 23 23 .. 698 .. 872 352 644 1 039 475 8 909 363 1 327 780 547 6 353 866 1 5448 224 2 704 4 834 60 927 142 106 1 412 60 438 52 935 7 503 78 151 2 105 5 478

353 106 149 489 4 117 154 1 501 464 1 037 2 183 279 4307 871 2 598 4 685 60 438 137 989 1 258 58 937 52 471 6 466 75 968 1 826 5 0481 574 753 936 4 281 12 074 124 5 246 4 272 974 6 649 55 1 241

283 300 123 1 443 7 297 64 4 179 3 482 697 3 054 .. 4011 149 363 769 1 850 3 521 40 653 672 - 19 2 828 .. 666

142 90 44 988 1 256 20 414 118 296 767 55 1744 624 1 783 3 034 5 821 27 357 842 9 995 8 729 1 266 16 348 172 5 734

71 109 44 45 250 39 1 1 - 184 26 943

1 533 491 483 1 334 14 904 386 5 633 4 715 918 8 775 110 946 573 220 277 1 114 2 718 131 341 341 .. 2 238 8 424

99 34 .. 118 675 4 .. .. - 671 .. 168 474 186 277 996 2 043 127 341 341 .. 1 567 8 256

544 155 155 190 3 167 38 108 108 .. 3 021 .. 99 544 155 155 190 3 167 38 108 108 .. 3 021 .. 99

2 127 1 042 2 075 4 116 9 658 320 3 559 3 265 294 5 758 21 2 670 135 130 357 239 719 39 33 33 - 647 - 391 135 130 357 239 719 39 33 33 - 647 - 391

1 992 912 1 718 3 877 8 939 281 3 526 3 232 294 5 111 21 2 279 469 473 1 017 2 240 2 098 45 142 142 - 1 911 .. 505 215 108 40 .. 2 204 118 1 306 1 269 37 759 21 604 302 58 63 46 568 16 225 152 73 327 .. 166 232 30 277 1 380 1 345 44 .. .. .. 1 301 - 838 774 243 321 211 2 724 58 1 853 1 669 184 813 .. 166

1 203 1 062 1 103 5 929 19 132 1 479 2 086 1 984 102 15 303 264 6 600 131 330 588 1 534 4 524 441 191 178 13 3 848 44 2 823 181 313 232 2 418 5 214 284 537 537 .. 4 225 168 670 310 211 80 781 4 538 377 813 760 53 3 328 20 942

1 - 1 - 2 1 1 1 - - - - 3

em Ausland, Statistische Sonderveröffentlichung 10 , various issues.

Table 20. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad, 1991-2003

(Number)


Primary 408 396 298 294 343 372 392 396 428 443 437 266 272Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 246 244 195 205 197 213 222 215 202 202 194 91 96Mining, quarrying and petroleum 162 152 103 89 146 159 170 181 226 241 243 175 176

Mining and quarrying 69 62 36 35 86 99 111 122 163 171 173 125 126Mining and agglomeration of hard coal 10 9 12 12 - - - - - - - - -

Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 93 90 67 54 60 60 59 59 63 70 70 50 50Secondary 6 199 6 503 6 486 6 817 7 656 8 284 8 995 9 514 9 599 9 814 9 972 7 529 7 442

Food, beverages and tobacco 221 247 276 299 332 349 361 389 383 405 412 330 320Food products and beverages 203 227 259 282 313 328 338 363 352 379 386 310 304Tobacco products 18 20 17 17 19 21 23 26 31 26 26 20 16

Textiles, clothing and leather 450 478 452 451 467 475 483 505 540 477 454 259 253Textiles 238 252 247 263 289 295 296 317 318 294 283 160 152Clothing 157 169 156 145 137 141 144 143 128 132 124 67 69Leather and leather products 55 57 49 43 41 39 43 45 94 51 47 32 32

Wood and wood products 209 215 218 252 199 210 230 254 238 237 248 143 130Sawmilling and planing of wood 85 97 103 129 99 105 112 114 103 106 105 51 46Paper and paper products 90 87 87 93 100 105 118 140 135 131 143 92 84

Publishing and printing 24 37 36 46 328 365 379 408 438 440 464 286 274Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 26 18 19 20 47 61 61 62 64 51 50 41 39Chemicals and chemical products 1 186 1 225 1 161 1 189 1 391 1 545 1 670 1 694 1 591 1 684 1 564 1 311 1 280Rubber and plastic products 359 353 376 404 521 570 629 642 709 761 794 589 608Non-metallic mineral products 295 320 337 422 408 460 604 572 564 600 639 487 470

Manufacture of glass and glass products 70 77 89 97 - - - - - - - - - Metal and metal products 830 848 814 803 849 868 941 1 030 1 019 1 065 1 072 783 780

Basic metals 155 153 143 141 - - - - - - - - - Fabricated metal products 675 695 671 662 683 699 762 836 834 839 854 610 615

Manufacture of structural metal products 462 479 461 460 166 169 179 194 185 226 218 173 165Machinery and equipment 1 130 1 166 1 172 1 222 1 259 1 362 1 434 1 491 1 429 1 473 1 500 1 082 1 120Electrical and electronic equipment 871 932 941 943 755 795 846 951 1 049 966 990 739 692

Office, accounting and computing machinery 24 25 20 19 19 20 18 17 11 10 17 17 14Electrical machinery and apparatus 847 907 921 924 643 649 654 702 767 692 686 524 495Radio, television and communication equip. - - - - 93 126 174 232 271 264 287 198 183

Precision instruments 151 175 178 192 335 352 386 431 450 466 527 383 381Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 370 401 428 482 591 669 744 823 868 930 1 010 954 958

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 348 379 409 464 508 577 646 712 753 801 877 802 813Other transport equipment 22 22 19 18 83 92 98 111 115 129 133 152 145


Tertiary 14 289 15 235 14 000 14 635 15 369 16 331 17 794 19 132 19 983 22 682 23 949 14 926 14 837Electricity, gas and water 18 19 19 18 35 42 58 81 116 129 286 348 419Construction 321 352 308 335 345 378 486 506 478 483 375 213 220Trade 8 842 9 420 8 567 8 986 9 379 9 989 10 573 11 341 11 352 12 407 12 892 6 664 6 638Hotels and restaurants 160 160 156 164 168 173 175 170 159 195 197 172 161Transport, storage and communications 935 1 022 867 847 892 843 996 1 052 1 207 1 493 1 619 1 289 1 271

Transport and storage - - - - 857 795 926 956 1 049 1 369 1 369 1 033 1 004Post and communications - - - - 35 48 70 96 158 124 250 256 267

Finance 1 492 1 581 1 545 1 594 1 521 1 595 1 742 1 918 2 202 2 572 2 634 2 283 2 203Financial Intermediation 942 1 014 1 042 1 071 1 041 1 064 1 109 1 091 1 342 1 463 1 475 1 349 1 331

Monetary intermediation 238 262 288 310 332 351 360 387 447 502 494 491 469Other financial intermediation 209 214 226 243 - - - - - - - - - Unspecified financial intermediation 495 538 528 518 709 713 749 704 895 961 981 858 862

Insurance and Pension Funding 296 318 295 314 372 390 453 503 486 521 537 511 472Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 254 249 208 209 108 141 180 324 374 588 622 423 400

Business activities 2 118 2 252 2 104 2 233 2 860 3 145 3 478 3 739 4 117 5 014 5 523 3 529 3 457Real estate 899 958 947 993 1 084 1 207 1 358 1 438 1 414 1 638 1 772 1 170 1 133

Unspecified real estate 899 958 947 993 1 084 1 207 1 358 1 438 1 414 1 638 1 772 1 170 1 133Rental Activities 91 84 88 91 130 150 173 180 201 256 302 259 288Computer and related activities - - - - 93 122 152 192 338 509 566 311 280Research and development - - - - 20 25 31 55 59 89 105 73 78Other business activities 1 128 1 210 1 069 1 149 1 533 1 641 1 764 1 874 2 105 2 522 2 778 1 716 1 678

Business activities n.e.c. 430 468 440 494 525 553 599 665 695 831 900 774 762Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Health and social services 19 18 16 10 25 30 130 148 163 170 169 302 371Community, social and personal service activities - - - - 144 136 156 177 189 219 254 126 97




Table 21. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1991-2003

(Number)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 20 895 22 134 20 784 21 745 23 369 24 987 27 181 29 041 29 963 32 939 34 357 22 721 22 551

Developed Countries 17 849 18 614 17 148 17 583 18 368 19 031 20 146 21 022 21 273 23 196 23 978 16 406 16 220Western Europe 13 602 14 251 13 110 13 425 14 000 14 533 15 216 15 922 15 971 17 341 17 765 11 620 11 403

European Union 11 745 12 355 11 447 11 743 12 240 12 739 13 381 13 984 14 085 15 293 15 690 10 372 10 167Austria 1 708 1 738 1 570 1 622 1 665 1 719 1 792 1 855 1 814 2 015 2 025 1 170 1 145Belgium 781 820 769 764 786 830 957 924 898 933 938 586 581Denmark 308 332 299 323 345 342 361 408 394 441 446 259 267Finland 92 100 88 97 109 120 126 151 148 180 201 124 123France 2 506 2 654 2 421 2 458 2 511 2 581 2 718 2 799 2 774 2 857 2 906 1 795 1 767Greece 146 156 138 136 148 148 154 164 170 178 189 130 123Ireland 290 294 290 306 303 290 282 263 271 284 284 212 210Italy 1 039 1 102 1 028 1 035 1 117 1 214 1 259 1 395 1 420 1 518 1 571 1 135 1 134Luxembourg 221 234 232 271 281 289 311 315 327 366 371 276 286Netherlands 1 367 1 452 1 392 1 432 1 483 1 510 1 531 1 608 1 628 1 743 1 766 1 137 1 132Portugal 212 237 225 264 284 300 308 333 335 341 343 228 240Spain 1 131 1 190 1 105 1 122 1 156 1 164 1 223 1 310 1 327 1 412 1 454 1 048 1 048Sweden 323 346 308 322 346 372 393 427 486 610 649 363 351United Kingdom 1 621 1 700 1 582 1 591 1 706 1 858 1 965 2 032 2 090 2 413 2 547 1 908 1 759

Other Western Europe 1 857 1 896 1 663 1 682 1 760 1 794 1 835 1 938 1 886 2 048 2 075 1 248 1 236Gibraltar - - - - 3 4 3 4 - - - - -Iceland - - - - - - - 4 - 3 3 - -Liechtenstein - - - - 25 23 23 24 18 19 22 11 7Norway 147 170 158 161 169 180 175 187 186 214 242 144 143Switzerland 1 705 1 726 1 505 1 521 1 563 1 587 1 634 1 719 1 682 1 812 1 808 1 093 1 051

North America 3 228 3 293 3 012 3 102 3 247 3 352 3 760 3 841 4 001 4 471 4 689 3 754 3 747Canada 631 637 534 527 524 527 511 499 491 524 534 355 351United States 2 597 2 656 2 478 2 575 2 723 2 825 3 249 3 342 3 510 3 947 4 155 3 399 3 396

Other Developed Countries 1 019 1 070 1 026 1 056 1 121 1 146 1 170 1 259 1 301 1 407 1 508 1 024 1 039Australia 316 334 317 353 375 387 392 432 429 463 484 347 361Israel 18 14 14 13 16 20 23 28 34 46 49 40 31Japan 329 345 343 342 362 366 367 400 415 429 497 356 355New Zealand 41 44 48 54 53 56 54 61 63 82 97 57 65South Africa 315 333 304 294 315 317 334 338 360 387 381 224 227

Developing economies 2 688 2 833 2 634 2 721 3 086 3 535 4 010 4 444 4 794 5 358 5 611 3 544 3 546Africa 308 307 258 239 251 261 263 275 283 297 302 180 157

North Africa 138 138 125 114 126 132 132 149 154 167 165 100 91Algeria 6 3 - - - - - 4 5 7 6 6 7Egypt 20 21 19 16 21 22 24 31 42 52 55 43 38Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 9 8 9 8 8 7 6 8 9 9 9 4 5Morocco 40 42 37 33 35 39 39 40 43 40 39 22 23Sudan - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tunisia 63 64 60 57 62 64 63 66 55 59 56 25 18

Other Africa 133 132 100 96 104 106 102 104 101 97 103 55 41Cameroon 10 8 3 3 4 4 4 7 8 5 4 4 ..Congo - - - - 3 3 - - - - - - -Côte d'Ivoire 9 9 10 8 8 7 6 5 9 7 7 3 4Democratic Republic of the Congo - - - - 6 6 5 4 - - - - -Ethiopia 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -Gabon 9 8 - - - - - - - - - - -Ghana 4 4 3 5 7 9 11 11 8 6 5 - -Kenya 23 25 20 19 19 19 18 16 18 16 20 12 10Liberia 13 10 16 14 12 14 13 13 14 13 13 5 5Mauritius 7 8 6 5 5 4 4 6 8 8 11 8 8Namibia - - - - 6 7 8 9 8 10 9 0 0Nigeria 35 37 25 24 20 15 14 15 13 16 17 16 14United Republic of Tanzania 5 6 5 5 9 11 11 9 6 7 7 3 0Zaire 9 8 6 7 - - - - - - - - -Zimbabwe 6 6 6 6 5 7 8 9 9 9 10 4 ..

Latin America and the Caribbean 1 060 1 059 976 987 1 044 1 119 1 289 1 389 1 543 1 708 1 711 1 084 1 051South America 739 732 661 668 703 762 868 957 1 036 1 138 1 119 649 627

Argentina 107 113 101 103 111 129 161 177 211 231 213 101 91Bolivia 5 6 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 7 8 4 3Brazil 447 428 385 382 393 412 461 492 514 561 572 344 347Chile 41 44 46 48 53 54 70 77 88 95 105 64 63Colombia 44 44 37 44 46 47 50 59 70 74 63 38 37Ecuador 17 15 14 12 12 14 15 17 18 23 27 20 16Paraguay - 4 4 4 9 11 13 14 12 14 9 4 3Peru 14 14 11 12 14 19 21 30 31 34 32 23 18Uruguay 21 22 19 19 25 24 25 26 27 34 30 21 18Venezuela 43 42 40 40 37 47 47 60 60 65 60 30 31

/…


Table 21. The number of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1991-2003(concluded)

(Number)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Other Latin America and Caribbean 300 314 305 300 330 343 404 421 496 557 579 424 411

Bahamas 4 5 5 4 7 7 7 5 5 6 7 3 5Barbados - - - - - - - 7 9 7 7 5 5Bermuda 19 17 15 14 15 12 18 21 29 29 34 28 31British Virgin Islands - - - - 7 7 10 10 12 9 11 11 13Cayman Islands 25 25 24 25 25 24 27 30 65 96 93 77 72Costa Rica 11 14 15 16 18 16 16 15 14 15 14 10 12Dominican Republic - 6 4 4 5 6 10 12 13 15 15 8 7El Salvador 7 7 6 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 5Guatemala 14 15 9 11 13 16 16 15 16 16 16 12 11Honduras - - - - 4 5 5 6 5 7 6 4 4Jamaica - - - - - - - - 3 0 0 - -Mexico 175 181 188 185 189 211 256 252 277 307 322 225 217Netherlands Antilles 25 25 21 19 26 22 20 20 16 16 15 14 11Nicaragua - - - - - - - 4 5 5 6 5 5Panama 20 19 18 16 14 11 12 16 18 19 22 15 13

Developing Europe 41 97 58 67 81 114 147 189 210 256 317 182 192Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - 7 11 11 23 12 18Croatia - - - - 17 30 41 55 62 93 111 57 72Malta 20 25 23 23 23 27 32 28 26 26 27 15 18Slovenia - 36 35 44 37 54 66 83 95 93 105 56 57TFYR of Macedonia - - - - - - - 6 6 9 11 9 9Yugoslavia (former) 21 36 - - 4 3 8 10 10 12 20 16 -

Asia 1 279 1 370 1 342 1 428 1 710 2 041 2 311 2 591 2 758 3 097 3 281 2 098 2 146West Asia 255 265 235 233 274 302 335 365 370 426 455 280 297

Bahrain - - - - 3 3 7 7 4 6 5 4 5Cyprus 37 50 40 44 53 54 54 52 44 40 53 27 21Iran, Islamic Republic of 20 20 13 14 19 19 17 14 15 15 15 6 9Lebanon - - - - 3 3 4 5 8 10 10 4 4Oman 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 4 7 5 0 3Saudi Arabia 33 33 31 30 31 30 28 23 21 26 28 22 29Syrian Arab Republic 7 9 7 6 4 4 3 3 - - - - -Turkey 132 136 127 123 141 163 190 223 233 272 284 180 187United Arab Emirates 15 13 13 12 16 22 27 32 41 50 55 37 39

Central Asia - - - - 5 5 3 15 13 11 14 12 8Kazakhstan - - - - 5 5 3 6 8 8 10 9 8Uzbekistan - - - - - - - 9 5 3 4 3 0

South, East and South-East Asia 1 002 1 105 1 107 1 195 1 411 1 714 1 973 2 211 2 354 2 596 2 780 1 787 1 821Bangladesh - - - - - - - 4 6 7 9 7 9China 37 34 49 88 170 298 409 486 537 601 689 511 566Hong Kong, China 229 253 249 248 280 303 322 343 361 386 396 248 247India 98 107 115 116 144 174 221 234 236 257 278 166 180Indonesia 47 50 46 54 61 73 84 91 101 103 119 72 71Malaysia 99 117 118 130 138 155 169 181 180 208 221 127 132Pakistan 22 22 21 20 24 26 25 22 22 23 25 18 17Philippines 32 34 30 29 36 47 64 77 78 85 91 50 38Republic of Korea 80 87 83 86 96 111 108 137 163 189 212 137 133Singapore 208 229 229 247 262 303 332 363 391 436 438 259 246Sri Lanka 12 12 13 14 11 14 13 13 13 14 12 7 6Taiwan Province of China 55 65 60 67 74 80 86 102 109 120 122 78 78Thailand 83 95 94 96 109 122 128 143 135 147 148 96 87Viet Nam - - - - 6 8 12 15 22 20 20 11 11

Central and Eastern Europe 358 832 949 1 375 1 897 2 385 2 960 3 547 3 880 4 383 4 766 2 770 2 767Belarus - - - - 6 5 4 7 5 10 9 8 7Bulgaria - 7 10 10 13 19 29 41 54 75 95 42 49Czech Republic - 167 279 441 606 727 874 993 1 074 1 177 1 285 713 711Czechoslovakia 38 158 - - - - - - - - - - -Estonia - - - - - - - 22 28 32 32 23 27Hungary 199 312 375 459 514 612 723 812 833 908 929 544 552Latvia - - - - 16 21 30 39 44 53 56 26 23Lithuania - - - - 7 8 17 34 34 47 56 38 36Poland 69 140 189 308 467 653 852 1 088 1 212 1 366 1 477 877 843Romania - 10 12 26 34 51 75 108 127 163 196 95 105Russian Federation 40 38 45 62 116 143 165 166 193 236 269 187 194Slovakia - - 39 69 100 123 159 197 235 257 291 173 180Ukraine - - - - 18 23 32 40 41 59 71 44 40

Unspecified - - 145 53 66 18 36 65 28 16 2 2 1 18



Table 22. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1991-2003

(Number)


Primary 56 62 58 68 108 106 115 115 123 128 130 103 100Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 38 46 46 52 61 62 61 57 61 67 67 40 42Mining, quarrying and petroleum 18 16 12 16 47 44 54 58 62 61 63 63 58

Mining and quarrying 11 9 5 8 34 32 42 46 49 47 46 37 34Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 7 7 7 8 13 12 12 12 13 14 17 26 24

Secondary 3 039 3 141 3 091 3 042 3 134 3 122 3 149 3 237 3 527 3 608 3 666 3 100 3 080Food, beverages and tobacco 249 248 238 216 214 198 193 202 209 219 206 170 173

Food products and beverages 234 235 224 202 201 185 182 191 198 206 194 159 162Tobacco products 15 13 14 14 13 13 11 11 11 13 12 11 11


Wood and wood products 155 165 169 169 135 147 138 144 158 171 182 163 164Sawmilling and planing of wood 10 9 9 10 - - - - - - - - - Unspecified wood products 43 49 48 51 34 39 37 39 40 42 44 33 36

Paper and paper products 102 107 112 108 101 108 101 105 118 129 138 130 128Publishing and printing 31 34 27 28 147 144 138 125 163 160 157 104 115Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 25 22 20 20 20 18 17 17 18 16 16 17 24Chemicals and chemical products 415 407 397 384 368 362 356 364 391 385 393 356 357Rubber and plastic products 202 216 217 227 222 213 215 220 248 269 278 253 246Non-metallic mineral products 163 177 186 189 146 140 139 137 160 179 165 144 147

Manufacture of glass and glass products 44 47 54 53 - - - - - - Metal and metal products 395 406 412 428 400 387 386 406 436 431 448 384 367

Basic metals 84 88 82 82 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of basic iron and steel 21 20 19 20 - - - - - - - - - Casting of metals 63 68 63 62 - - - - - - - - -

Fabricated metal products 311 318 330 346 302 281 282 299 321 317 329 276 258Manufacture of structural metal products 233 243 253 259 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products 78 75 77 87 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 553 583 580 568 603 609 623 627 657 654 670 559 537Electrical and electronic equipment 467 480 457 407 318 321 336 353 383 398 388 328 311

Office, accounting and computing machinery 38 38 39 38 40 43 44 44 41 37 35 33 30Electrical machinery and apparatus 429 442 418 369 216 192 197 211 235 244 240 190 178Radio, television and communication equip. - - - - 62 86 95 98 107 117 113 105 103

Precision instruments 110 123 123 127 212 224 228 256 285 297 318 256 260Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 80 75 80 90 108 121 139 147 173 197 209 200 203


Other manufacturing 42 46 36 38 75 74 72 76 84 72 75 60 61Manufacturing n.e.c. 23 24 21 23 75 74 72 76 84 72 75 60 61


Electricity, gas and water 18 18 21 26 38 38 36 41 46 69 70 52 48Construction 181 247 252 278 271 268 254 267 281 297 301 169 180Trade 5 531 5 711 4 997 5 010 4 963 4 961 5 004 5 009 5 065 5 050 4 961 2 729 2 606Hotels and restaurants 126 132 119 127 125 110 103 102 96 107 112 91 91Transport, storage and communications 571 569 492 499 481 483 485 493 539 562 592 380 389

Transport and storage - - - - 462 460 450 440 466 470 479 300 290Telecommunications - - - - 19 23 35 53 73 92 113 80 99

Finance 623 628 579 558 441 421 411 432 486 490 466 382 379Financial Intermediation 274 267 258 256 246 239 234 243 253 261 229 205 193

Monetary intermediation 189 185 181 185 184 177 174 178 179 182 168 159 153Other financial intermediation 73 70 68 62 62 62 60 65 74 79 61 46 40

Insurance and Pension Funding 194 190 176 172 166 149 141 139 156 144 124 99 101Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 155 171 145 130 29 33 36 50 77 85 113 78 85

Business activities 1 748 1 887 1 785 1 852 2 156 2 255 2 395 2 616 2 954 3 249 3 401 2 294 2 282Real estate 476 523 508 537 589 630 660 669 750 818 815 624 624Rental Activities 153 162 150 149 141 132 129 142 155 170 173 123 118Computer and related activities - - - - 190 193 212 237 288 341 325 205 197Research and development - - - - 18 25 37 47 48 50 61 43 39Other business activities 1 119 1 202 1 127 1 166 1 218 1 275 1 357 1 521 1 713 1 870 2 027 1 299 1 304

Other business activities n.e.c 342 374 379 411 443 446 479 545 450 483 520 483 472Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Health and social services - - - - 32 31 24 26 37 43 54 14 14Community, social and personal services - - - - 117 111 117 120 189 215 226 148 145

Sewage and waste disposal, sanitation - - - - 21 20 18 13 53 52 49 40 32Other services 378 388 347 335 - - - - - - - - -



Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003

(Number)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 11 475 12 271 12 783 11 741 11 795 11 866 11 906 12 093 12 458 13 443 13 818 13 979 9 462 9 314

Developed Countries 11 547 12 265 12 729 11 694 11 714 11 525 11 547 11 717 12 093 13 028 13 527 13 675 9 343 9 188Western Europe 8 972 9 603 9 965 9 084 9 133 8 906 8 936 9 080 9 414 10 262 10 790 10 958 7 397 7 310

European Union 6 296 6 824 7 204 6 614 6 759 6 581 6 705 6 871 7 227 8 109 8 673 8 847 6 035 5 909Austria 377 459 532 543 595 615 617 627 645 739 744 777 501 488Belgium 278 309 305 271 287 276 313 344 381 401 445 432 318 294Denmark 341 378 434 380 380 363 356 359 368 434 452 476 279 278Finland 131 152 146 128 125 128 120 123 132 141 153 145 95 103France 1 106 1 190 1 256 1 104 1 094 1 079 1 082 1 123 1 201 1 385 1 470 1 481 974 947Greece 10 12 12 10 10 9 10 8 9 11 12 16 12 17Ireland 23 27 27 29 33 32 37 44 58 58 60 63 45 46Italy 379 393 397 353 347 362 350 366 368 380 419 447 284 282Luxembourg 200 211 226 207 214 231 255 263 273 328 454 532 432 457Netherlands 1 792 1 991 2 175 2 094 2 177 2 239 2 292 2 365 2 518 2 819 2 930 2 938 2 100 1 965Portugal 13 13 12 8 6 7 12 12 9 10 13 14 12 9Spain 91 91 93 87 86 88 95 94 106 123 145 160 115 131Sweden 523 535 540 456 461 454 460 445 424 470 509 481 281 265United Kingdom 1 032 1 063 1 049 944 944 932 958 974 1 005 1 089 1 134 1 164 812 834

Other Western Europe 2 676 2 779 2 761 2 470 2 374 2 325 2 231 2 209 2 187 2 153 2 117 2 111 1 362 1 401Liechtenstein - - - - - 118 113 118 107 105 98 97 69 63Norway 96 103 114 95 93 92 89 87 93 94 96 90 60 58Switzerland 2 574 2 670 2 647 2 375 2 281 2 115 2 029 2 004 1 987 1 954 1 923 1 924 1 233 1 233

North America 2 025 2 053 2 099 1 974 1 947 1 984 1 988 2 021 2 076 2 170 2 149 2 133 1 502 1 440Canada 112 113 115 99 97 94 79 81 82 80 90 99 73 77United States 1 913 1 940 1 984 1 875 1 850 1 890 1 909 1 940 1 994 2 090 2 059 2 034 1 429 1 363

Other Developed Countries 550 609 665 636 634 635 623 616 603 596 588 584 444 438Australia 27 25 29 25 24 26 15 20 16 16 14 18 15 14Israel 25 27 31 23 26 27 29 34 36 33 37 41 26 32Japan 485 545 597 579 575 566 563 547 540 527 520 505 388 381New Zealand 4 4 - - - 5 5 4 - - - - - -South Africa 9 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 20 17 20 15 11

Developing Countries 533 583 579 552 562 589 594 621 603 585 548 557 374 358Africa 31 33 28 24 22 19 22 26 29 22 20 17 13 13

North Africa 7 5 9 8 8 3 3 6 7 3 3 3 .. ..Egypt 3 - 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 - - - - -Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 4 5 5 5 5 - - 3 3 3 3 3 .. ..

Latin America and the Caribbean 148 157 168 157 154 155 156 161 156 147 148 174 135 132South America 44 46 49 42 39 39 42 41 41 30 28 27 23 19

Argentina 11 13 12 9 10 9 8 6 7 6 6 6 5 3Brazil 16 18 23 21 18 19 21 21 21 14 12 11 10 9Uruguay 11 11 11 12 11 11 13 14 13 10 10 10 8 7Venezuela 6 4 3 - - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 93 95 107 102 107 110 101 106 101 99 101 127 99 100Bahamas 8 8 10 9 10 9 8 10 9 6 5 5 .. ..Bermuda 27 31 29 28 26 29 23 9 13 15 20 22 26 30British Virgin Islands - - 7 13 19 19 21 23 19 24 22 28 17 21Cayman Islands 6 9 10 11 16 18 17 28 29 19 17 31 32 29Mexico 6 6 7 7 5 7 7 8 7 7 7 7 5 7Netherlands Antilles 17 15 17 17 13 12 10 13 16 15 15 15 7 7Panama 29 26 27 17 18 16 15 15 8 13 15 19 12 6

Developing Europe 63 74 74 70 74 89 81 77 69 65 58 56 29 23Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - 9 9 9 5 5 5 5 .. ..Croatia - - - - - 19 18 16 16 15 13 14 4 5Malta - - - - - 8 3 3 3 3 - 4 3 0Slovenia - - 74 70 74 34 34 33 30 29 27 27 17 14TFYR of Macedonia - - - - - 8 7 6 6 6 6 - - -Yugoslavia (former) 63 74 - - - 11 10 10 9 7 7 6 5 4

Asia 291 319 309 301 312 326 335 357 349 351 322 310 197 190West Asia 97 101 95 86 89 94 105 116 114 111 109 113 69 70

Cyprus 8 9 9 9 10 10 14 18 17 16 21 23 15 14Iran, Islamic Republic of 16 20 19 20 19 16 20 25 25 22 25 28 19 20Kuwait 9 7 7 10 11 10 10 7 7 9 7 8 7 6Lebanon - - - - - 6 3 3 7 6 5 6 .. ..Saudi Arabia 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Turkey 52 54 56 44 46 49 55 60 55 55 48 45 25 27

South, East and South-East Asia 171 189 214 215 223 232 230 241 235 230 213 197 128 120China 20 21 22 28 31 32 32 30 28 36 35 34 19 18Hong Kong, China 66 61 56 62 64 62 55 55 55 51 47 37 22 24India 8 9 10 8 7 7 7 8 6 5 6 7 3 3Indonesia 7 10 11 8 8 8 7 6 4 3 4 7 5 5Pakistan 3 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 3Republic of Korea 28 34 36 39 43 49 50 60 54 45 41 40 36 35Singapore - - 12 14 16 19 19 24 21 26 27 25 14 14

/…


Table 23. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003(Concluded )

(Number)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Taiwan Province of China 33 42 49 43 40 40 46 45 54 53 49 43 17 18Thailand 6 8 13 8 10 11 10 8 8 7 - .. 9 0

Central and Eastern Europe 126 181 231 178 175 189 197 190 183 165 155 151 75 63Belarus - - - - - 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 3Bulgaria 12 15 15 11 11 11 10 9 9 8 5 5 - -Czech Republic - - 29 21 19 23 24 18 17 18 19 13 11 7Czechoslovakia 21 28 29 - - - - - - - - - - -Hungary 21 31 35 29 22 21 20 19 18 18 19 18 14 13Poland 31 49 65 47 50 51 62 68 60 59 58 60 19 18Romania 6 7 5 3 5 6 7 6 5 4 - 3 .. ..Russian Federation 35 51 53 60 62 59 57 55 57 46 42 39 27 22Slovakia - - - 7 6 7 7 8 8 5 4 4 .. ..Ukraine - - - - - 6 5 3 4 3 3 4 .. ..

Unspecified - 731 - 758 - 756 - 683 - 656 - 437 - 432 - 435 - 421 - 335 - 412 - 404 - 330 - 295



Table 32. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad, 1990-2003

(Thousands of employees)


Primary 16 15 13 15 13 21 23 27 23 35 34 32 31 35Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 8 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 7 9 7 6 7 11Mining, quarrying and petroleum 8 8 6 7 5 13 15 18 16 26 27 26 24 24

Mining and quarrying 6 6 4 4 3 10 11 14 12 23 22 22 21 20Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 3 5 4 3 4

Secondary 1 647 1 679 1 713 1 730 1 810 1 917 2 000 2 115 2 422 2 532 2 665 2 778 2 623 2 597Food, beverages and tobacco 34 34 45 49 54 60 60 69 76 76 85 91 85 79

Food products and beverages 28 27 33 36 42 48 46 53 58 57 69 78 73 69Tobacco products 6 7 12 13 12 12 14 16 18 19 16 13 12 10

Textiles, clothing and leather 83 89 103 101 100 103 106 105 108 126 124 128 100 96Textiles 35 37 41 38 39 49 51 49 51 66 65 68 51 48Clothing 29 32 37 37 36 34 35 36 35 32 36 38 28 28Leather and leather products 19 20 25 26 25 20 20 20 22 28 23 22 21 20

Wood and wood products 41 40 43 49 63 44 45 41 48 56 54 57 48 41Sawmilling and planing of wood 7 6 6 6 8 - - - - - Unspecified wood products 17 17 19 25 31 17 18 18 19 20 20 20 15 16

Paper and paper products 17 17 18 18 24 27 27 23 29 36 34 37 33 25Publishing and printing 7 4 5 6 6 28 33 36 36 44 46 50 43 45Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 1 1 1 1 1 5 8 8 9 9 10 7 7 8Chemicals and chemical products 344 358 361 360 350 372 388 397 408 402 438 416 406 385Rubber and plastic products 65 67 59 61 66 74 80 89 104 113 115 121 112 114Non-metallic mineral products 41 40 45 48 61 68 78 97 112 110 106 115 123 123

Manufacture of glass and glass products 18 16 17 18 22 - - - - - - - - - Metal and metal products 130 139 137 132 129 125 124 129 141 137 145 154 143 146

Basic metals 51 48 45 44 43 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of basic iron and steel 27 24 23 23 22 - - - - - - - - - Casting of metals 24 24 22 21 21 - - - - - - - - -

Fabricated metal products 79 91 92 88 86 85 86 94 103 102 107 113 105 108Manufacture of structural metal products 54 63 63 59 58 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products 25 28 29 29 28 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 171 175 177 176 177 207 218 233 244 234 256 265 244 259Electrical and electronic equipment 360 352 354 353 361 336 324 339 375 383 373 368 359 363

Office, accounting and computing machinery 4 5 6 5 9 13 13 13 12 4 4 2 4 3Electrical machinery and apparatus 356 347 348 348 352 281 257 271 297 299 282 269 269 275Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - 42 54 55 66 80 87 97 86 85

Precision instruments 24 23 25 30 31 59 68 61 78 84 90 103 99 96Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 334 345 344 353 397 396 424 466 635 709 775 854 813 809

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 331 341 341 336 380 364 396 434 598 668 732 811 766 761Other transport equipment 3 4 3 17 17 32 28 32 37 41 43 43 47 48

Other manufacturing 14 12 12 12 14 38 40 41 47 46 47 45 38 34Manufacturing n.e.c. 6 5 6 6 7 38 40 41 47 46 47 45 38 34

Recycling - - - - - 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2Tertiary 673 716 783 792 834 896 1 096 1 148 1 294 1 537 1 741 1 890 1 893 1 865

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - 6 22 28 33 48 50 68 88 87Construction 46 53 60 65 83 93 110 105 96 92 94 87 70 72Trade 447 457 479 478 479 518 575 640 738 777 872 907 839 818Hotels and restaurants 15 17 28 34 39 32 46 25 25 29 34 45 58 57Transport, storage and communications 41 45 57 58 66 66 90 104 117 227 239 305 349 363

Transport and storage - - - - - 64 70 79 83 113 158 183 187 194Telecommunications - - - - - 2 20 25 34 114 81 122 162 169

Finance 59 70 77 82 89 95 100 109 129 178 218 225 225 210Financial Intermediation 28 31 35 39 44 45 49 60 74 109 139 138 140 138

Monetary intermediation 22 23 25 29 33 38 43 48 59 89 117 114 116 116Other financial intermediation 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -

Insurance and Pension Funding 31 38 39 39 41 45 46 44 49 63 66 73 71 62Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation - 1 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 13 14 14 10

Business activities 28 33 37 29 34 70 111 92 111 143 187 205 211 210Real estate 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 3Rental Activities 6 7 7 6 7 8 17 9 10 10 14 15 14 14Computer and related activities - - - - - 5 32 9 14 32 49 58 52 52Research and development - - - - - 2 2 3 5 6 9 10 11 11Other business activities 21 25 29 22 26 53 58 69 79 92 111 118 131 130

Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - - - - Health and social services 6 6 7 8 7 8 33 35 34 33 35 35 38 39Community, social and personal service activities - - - - - 8 9 10 11 10 12.0 13.0 15.0 9.0

Sewage and waste disposal, sanitation activities - - - - - 3 4 5 6 6 7.0 8.0 5.0 5.0Other services 31 35 38 38 37 - - - - - - - - -

Unspecified 1 - 2 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - 2 - 1 1.0



Table 33. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2003

(Number)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 2 337 2 408 2 510 2 537 2 658 2 834 3 120 3 289 3 738 4 104 4 440 4 698 4 546 4 498


European Union 1 005 1 027 1 047 1 048 1 085 1 136 1 243 1 292 1 396 1 461 1 620 1 659 1 656 1 619Austria 144 149 152 152 153 156 184 186 188 202 242 236 228 228Belgium 88 90 91 91 88 86 88 95 97 88 91 91 86 80Denmark 16 16 18 19 20 21 20 22 29 29 31 32 29 29Finland 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 15 16 19 20France 214 224 226 227 226 240 281 267 292 308 333 337 345 324Greece 16 15 14 14 14 13 14 13 15 16 18 19 19 17Ireland 11 10 11 12 12 13 12 14 14 15 16 18 17 16Italy 85 86 88 91 94 97 112 118 134 135 152 154 149 145Luxembourg 9 9 11 11 13 13 12 12 13 12 15 19 15 14Netherlands 73 74 79 87 92 94 90 92 104 112 106 112 122 119Portugal 34 36 40 40 43 45 49 50 56 58 56 56 51 48Spain 138 142 142 136 132 129 136 143 160 174 188 199 203 210Sweden 32 26 27 23 25 27 31 35 48 57 81 72 79 79United Kingdom 140 145 143 140 168 197 207 236 238 249 276 299 295 290

Other Western Europe 61 63 79 80 82 84 72 73 86 93 102 112 107 110Iceland - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - -Liechtenstein - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Norway 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 10 13 12 15 16 16 14Switzerland 54 55 71 71 73 73 60 62 71 80 86 95 90 94

North America 500 515 530 532 522 550 588 593 753 879 832 895 858 827Canada 35 34 34 34 33 35 34 36 53 58 63 68 67 61United States 465 481 496 498 489 515 554 557 700 821 769 827 791 766

Other Developed Countries 103 103 109 109 117 124 151 130 128 170 201 238 220 208Australia 17 17 18 20 22 23 24 27 28 29 32 35 33 37Israel 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2Japan 31 34 36 37 40 42 67 43 44 67 98 131 128 111New Zealand 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3South Africa 53 50 52 49 52 56 56 56 51 69 65 66 54 55

Developing Countries 637 632 644 615 631 633 665 724 796 853 931 985 904 919Africa 48 48 48 46 53 56 58 68 72 67 70 71 54 50

North Africa 20 21 20 19 20 21 23 25 26 25 30 30 23 22Algeria - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 2 2Egypt 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 8 8 8 7Morocco 6 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 5 5Tunisia 10 10 10 10 11 11 13 15 14 12 15 15 8 7

Other Africa 25 25 25 22 29 34 36 40 42 36 35 37 28 21Cameroon 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 ..Congo - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - -Côte d'Ivoire 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - -Democratic Rep. of the Congo - - - - - 2 2 2 2 - - - - -Ghana - - - - - 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 - -Kenya 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Liberia 2 2 - 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 - -Mauritius - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - -Namibia - - - - - 1 - - - - - - .. ..Nigeria 13 13 13 12 19 20 21 27 30 27 28 30 24 20Zaire 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - -Zimbabwe 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 ..


Argentina 27 24 26 25 26 21 22 24 25 25 26 20 15 15Bolivia - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1Brazil 274 246 229 219 219 192 177 176 169 165 168 165 158 155Chile 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 9 6 6 7 6 7Colombia 8 8 8 8 9 9 8 8 9 9 11 9 9 10Ecuador 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3Paraguay - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 -Peru 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 2Uruguay 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 2Venezuela 5 8 6 7 6 7 6 7 9 8 8 7 7 6

Other Latin America and Caribbean 66 67 63 59 55 53 58 68 98 91 108 90 87 87

Bermuda - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1British Virgin Islands - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2Cayman Islands - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -Costa Rica 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Dominican Republic - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 -El Salvador 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Guatemala 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2

/…


Table 33. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1990-2003(concluded)

(Number)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Honduras - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 1Mexico 63 63 59 55 52 49 54 63 92 85 101 82 81 78Panama - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1

Developing Europe 11 15 23 11 13 13 15 14 17 32 34 42 48 48Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 2Croatia - - - - - 2 3 3 4 16 17 17 18 21Malta - 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Slovenia - - 10 9 10 7 9 7 8 10 10 12 10 10TFYR of Macedonia - - - - - - - - - 2 2 5 6 6Yugoslavia (former) 11 12 10 - - 1 - 1 2 1 1 2 5 -

Asia 188 206 231 230 240 269 306 345 380 440 490 564 509 533West Asia 30 31 32 33 32 37 40 46 51 55 56 57 51 56

Bahrain - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - -Cyprus 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - -Iran, Islamic Republic of 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 5 4 3 5Oman - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .. 1Saudi Arabia 3 5 5 3 2 3 3 4 6 6 6 6 5 5Syrian Arab Republic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -Turkey 20 21 21 23 23 27 30 34 39 40 42 43 41 43United Arab Emirates 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2

Central Asia - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 1 1 1Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 1Uzbekistan - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - ..

South, East and South-East Asia 157 175 199 197 208 232 266 299 328 382 431 503 452 472Bangladesh - - - - - - - - - 1 4 7 9 10China 5 9 15 17 25 40 59 79 94 113 126 137 136 160Hong Kong, China 9 12 14 15 16 15 16 18 19 20 23 28 25 23India 64 65 72 66 63 61 66 78 78 111 117 106 64 63Indonesia 9 10 11 12 13 13 13 19 23 21 22 34 31 33Malaysia 19 21 22 22 24 27 26 26 26 25 31 33 30 34Pakistan 5 8 8 8 8 9 9 8 6 6 6 6 5 4Philippines 7 7 8 7 7 8 9 12 11 11 14 18 16 8Republic of Korea 7 7 8 9 8 9 10 10 18 24 26 77 76 79Singapore 13 14 14 14 15 16 18 18 20 20 30 25 25 26Sri Lanka 6 6 9 9 9 8 6 5 5 4 5 3 2 2Taiwan Province of China 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 8 8 8 8 10 9Thailand 9 12 13 13 15 19 27 18 17 15 16 18 21 19Viet Nam - - - - - 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2

Central and Eastern Europe 25 64 108 146 213 308 395 473 578 646 747 804 800 806Belarus - - - - - 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3Bulgaria - - 2 2 7 7 6 10 15 15 16 16 14 17Czech Republic - - 33 47 68 92 109 124 142 175 203 217 204 203Czechoslovakia - 20 - - - - - - - - - - - -Estonia - - - - - - - - 1 2 2 3 2 3Hungary 14 26 45 49 56 70 114 133 157 153 161 162 145 152Latvia - - - - - 2 4 3 4 9 10 10 7 4Lithuania - - - - - 1 1 1 4 2 4 7 18 15Poland 6 9 18 29 47 66 84 116 149 166 194 214 202 192Romania - - 1 3 6 8 10 19 29 26 29 36 46 49Russian Federation 5 7 9 10 16 39 41 33 34 48 55 62 67 79Slovakia - - - 6 13 15 18 24 32 39 58 64 79 77Ukraine - - - - - 5 6 8 8 9 12 10 13 12

Unspecified 6 4 - 7 7 8 - 1 6 4 1 2 7 5 1 9



Table 34. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1991-2003

(Thousands of employees)


Primary 2 1 1 7 12 11 11 10 11 11 12 11 11Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 1 1 1 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3Mining, quarrying and petroleum 1 - - 4 8 8 8 7 8 8 8 8 8

Mining and quarrying 1 - - 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas - - - - 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3

Secondary 1 255 1 228 1 174 1 113 1 086 1 059 1 058 1 027 1 130 1 205 1 215 1 201 1 203Food, beverages and tobacco 101 96 92 89 89 85 83 82 82 82 69 69 77

Food products and beverages 89 84 81 78 78 75 74 74 76 74 60 59 66Tobacco products 12 12 11 11 11 10 9 8 6 8 9 10 11


Wood and wood products 48 51 48 51 41 47 46 48 54 56 55 54 53Sawmilling and planing of wood 2 2 2 2 - - - - 8 8 7 8 8Unspecified wood products 7 8 7 10 6 8 8 8 46 48 48 46 45

Paper and paper products 39 41 39 39 35 39 38 40 46 48 48 46 45Publishing and printing 2 2 2 2 10 10 11 9 13 16 17 14 15Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 11 11 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 9 10 12 15Chemicals and chemical products 202 197 185 174 163 160 165 120 155 147 138 141 134Rubber and plastic products 72 75 67 65 65 61 60 68 76 77 75 82 81Non-metallic mineral products 48 46 49 39 37 33 30 30 32 39 36 36 33Metal and metal products 138 128 122 125 112 105 101 115 114 116 125 129 129

Basic metals 70 52 48 51 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of basic iron and steel 37 21 21 26 - - - - - - - - -

Fabricated metal products 68 76 74 74 68 66 63 67 66 65 74 73 69Manufacture of structural metal products 53 60 59 57 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products 15 16 15 17 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 149 148 149 142 169 168 164 158 168 176 179 189 186Electrical and electronic equipment 250 249 227 199 139 135 135 134 156 177 182 152 147

Office, accounting and computing machinery 52 49 40 33 17 18 21 20 17 32 32 20 21Electrical machinery and apparatus 198 200 187 166 63 57 57 58 68 68 74 60 58Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - 59 60 57 56 71 77 76 72 68

Precision instruments 31 31 30 28 49 51 54 56 54 59 69 72 71Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 164 154 152 152 162 153 161 163 181 217 223 217 225



Tertiary 614 631 585 569 587 592 635 707 859 914 940 929 917Electricity, gas and water 3 3 3 3 5 4 7 10 20 18 17 5 5Construction 50 53 47 47 40 35 34 40 47 47 45 38 42Trade 285 290 288 282 264 266 300 329 366 388 399 409 382Hotels and restaurants 49 53 55 55 58 60 60 61 67 69 69 73 70Transport, storage and communications 40 40 40 39 59 59 62 67 81 92 106 103 95

Transport and storage - - - - 36 35 35 37 44 44 49 47 47Telecommunications - - - - 23 24 27 30 37 48 57 56 48

Finance 69 66 56 55 53 49 44 47 58 53 53 51 53Financial Intermediation 24 20 26 26 25 24 24 25 31 32 33 34 32

Monetary intermediation 23 19 25 25 24 23 22 24 29 30 31 33 31Other financial intermediation 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1

Insurance and Pension Funding 45 46 29 28 27 24 19 20 24 17 16 12 14Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation - - 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Business activities 89 93 63 59 97 107 116 133 188 215 229 227 245Real estate 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 4 3 4 3Rental Activities 8 9 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 8 9 10 9Computer and related activities - - - - 28 31 34 42 51 43 35 46 50Research and development - - - - 3 3 4 5 7 6 8 8 8Other business activities 78 81 55 51 59 65 71 77 121 154 174 158 175

Business activities n.e.c. 7 12 6 3 4 3 4 4 7 7 7 7 8Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - - - 1 -Health and social services - - - - 1 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 2Community, social and personal service activities - - - - 10 10 11 19 29 29 18 21 23




Table 35. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1990-2003

(Number)

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 1 789 1 871 1 861 1 758 1 686 1 684 1 662 1 706 1 745 1 998 2 130 2 165 2 143 2 130


European Union 1 074 1 126 1 123 1 082 1 035 860 867 874 939 1 156 1 349 1 397 1 407 1 406Austria 68 76 80 77 79 78 75 77 59 85 84 88 85 85Belgium 61 64 59 56 56 57 62 63 75 63 65 66 66 61Denmark 29 34 37 38 39 46 34 35 56 57 53 58 58 57Finland 19 20 20 18 16 16 16 14 18 22 23 24 23 23France 169 182 184 181 165 157 138 157 206 241 254 280 284 280Greece 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1Ireland 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 6 6 6 7 7Italy 38 38 29 25 25 27 27 47 26 31 36 43 47 46Luxembourg 28 30 27 24 23 23 24 26 32 55 74 75 94 97Netherlands 406 437 450 449 432 419 437 423 407 475 561 546 552 530Portugal - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 1 1 1Spain 42 38 35 32 25 23 31 33 35 18 20 23 28 61Sweden 63 61 62 45 48 46 51 52 49 61 76 74 57 54United Kingdom 149 144 139 136 126 123 125 130 140 133 187 200 211 230

Other Western Europe 429 445 419 371 330 317 301 327 306 285 278 267 266 275Liechtenstein - - - - - 14 14 13 12 12 11 11 11 9Norway 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 10 12 16 17 13 15 15Switzerland 422 438 412 361 320 293 277 304 282 257 250 243 240 241

North America 556 553 546 524 502 520 512 526 501 543 520 525 499 480Canada 51 43 43 40 33 34 32 31 14 13 14 24 24 28United States 505 510 503 484 469 486 480 495 487 530 506 501 475 452

Other Developed Countries 86 63 66 67 63 62 60 56 59 56 58 57 57 57Australia 5 5 6 5 5 5 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1Israel 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 5Japan 78 53 56 56 52 52 51 49 52 50 51 50 48 48South Africa 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 4 3

Developing Countries 59 60 69 53 47 61 42 72 65 47 47 43 30 36Africa 1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 .. 1

North Africa 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - .. ..Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - .. ..


Argentina 4 5 5 5 4 22 10 10 10 10 10 10 1 1Brazil 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Uruguay - 1 - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 22 23 31 29 19 19 13 17 14 16 16 12 11 17Bahamas 3 3 4 4 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 .. ..Bermuda 15 16 17 14 4 5 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 6British Virgin Islands - - 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Cayman Islands - - - - 1 1 1 9 8 6 6 2 3 3Mexico - - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - -Netherlands Antilles 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Panama 2 2 6 6 6 6 4 3 1 4 4 3 2 5

Developing Europe 4 5 9 5 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3Croatia - - - - - 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Slovenia - - 4 5 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Yugoslavia (former) 4 5 5 - - - - 1 - - - - - - -

Asia 24 22 21 9 14 14 15 38 35 16 16 14 13 12West Asia 20 19 13 4 7 7 6 8 8 7 7 7 5 5

Cyprus - - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Iran, Islamic Republic of 17 16 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - -Kuwait - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - -Saudi Arabia 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1Turkey 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 3 3

South, East and South-East Asia 4 3 5 5 7 7 9 30 27 8 9 7 8 7China 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Hong Kong, China 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1Republic of Korea 1 1 1 2 3 3 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 4Singapore - - - - 1 1 1 22 21 2 2 1 1 1Taiwan Province of China - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Thailand - - 1 - - - - - - - - .. 1 0

Central and Eastern Europe 8 16 19 12 7 9 10 9 9 14 14 14 10 10Czech Republic 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1 - - -Hungary 2 4 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 6 5 5 5 5Poland 5 10 12 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 4 4Russian Federation - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Slovakia - - - 1 - - - - - - - - .. ..

Unspecified - 423 - 392 - 381 - 351 - 298 - 145 - 130 - 158 - 134 - 103 - 136 - 138 - 126 - 134



Table 42. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad, 1991-2003

(Millions of Euros)

Sector / industry 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 405 557 424 423 454 590 496 618 535 067 606 341 725 625 883 768 1 093 900 1 292 400 1 411 000 1 417 600 1 352 900

Primary 3 170 2 914 3 375 3 017 3 681 4 397 5 369 4 448 7 800 10 500 10 800 10 100 9 700Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 307 358 358 358 358 409 614 614 800 900 1 000 1 200 1 100Mining, quarrying and petroleum 2 863 2 556 3 017 2 659 3 323 3 988 4 755 3 835 7 000 9 600 9 800 8 900 8 600

Mining and quarrying 716 562 511 358 971 1 023 1 636 1 636 4 300 5 400 5 600 5 500 4 800Mining of coal and lignite 102 51 51 51 - - - - - - - - -

Extraction of crude petroleum & natural gas 2 147 1 994 2 505 2 301 2 352 2 965 3 119 2 199 2 700 4 200 4 200 3 400 3 800Secondary 202 216 206 818 225 071 251 965 269 706 297 418 354 683 458 527 517 500 593 000 634 000 627 100 599 500

Food, beverages and tobacco 5 215 5 420 5 829 6 289 7 107 8 539 10 584 10 328 11 500 13 000 14 000 14 600 14 800Food products and beverages 4 244 4 448 4 704 5 266 5 982 7 005 7 669 8 130 8 700 10 700 11 900 12 400 12 300Tobacco products 971 971 1 125 1 023 1 125 1 534 2 914 2 199 2 800 2 300 2 100 2 200 2 500

Textiles, clothing and leather 4 806 4 908 4 755 4 653 5 266 5 164 5 420 5 573 6 200 6 900 6 600 5 700 5 500Textiles 2 965 3 119 3 272 3 221 3 732 3 886 3 937 4 141 4 600 5 200 4 700 4 000 3 800Clothing 920 1 074 767 716 869 665 767 767 800 900 1 000 900 900Leather and leather products 920 716 716 716 665 614 716 665 800 800 900 800 800

Wood and wood products 4 346 4 141 4 602 5 522 5 931 6 289 6 545 9 612 9 000 6 600 6 300 5 600 4 800Sawmilling and planing of wood 358 307 358 460 - - - - - - - - -

Paper and paper products 3 017 2 863 2 965 3 477 4 755 5 113 5 215 8 232 7 700 4 600 4 400 4 300 3 500Publishing and printing 460 562 614 614 4 550 5 317 5 982 6 136 7 500 8 600 9 900 9 700 8 200Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 256 205 256 256 869 2 147 2 659 2 710 2 900 4 800 3 200 3 100 3 000Chemicals and chemical products 62 173 60 793 67 081 74 495 75 364 83 801 98 475 98 526 103 100 128 800 125 800 132 400 131 300Rubber and plastic products 7 209 6 596 6 698 7 516 9 561 10 839 12 833 14 214 17 000 18 300 19 300 18 100 18 500Non-metallic mineral products 4 244 4 653 5 113 6 851 6 749 7 618 10 175 11 606 11 700 13 100 14 500 14 700 16 100

Manufacture of glass and glass products 1 380 1 432 1 534 2 147 - - - - - - - - - Metal and metal products 13 140 13 600 14 265 14 930 15 083 15 236 17 588 19 276 19 200 23 700 23 800 22 000 22 100

Basic metals 4 397 4 090 4 448 4 857 - - - - - - - - - Fabricated metal products 8 743 9 510 9 817 10 072 9 357 9 510 12 066 13 294 13 700 16 000 15 200 14 600 14 800


Office, accounting and computing machinery 614 716 614 1 380 2 812 2 914 3 323 3 426 1 200 1 000 600 900 1 000Electrical machinery and apparatus 33 336 34 103 35 484 37 682 27 150 25 258 31 853 37 887 43 200 38 500 36 600 36 000 34 800Radio, television and communication equip. - - - - 4 448 7 005 7 465 8 999 14 500 17 400 19 000 18 900 17 000

Precision instruments 2 147 2 352 2 761 2 863 5 471 6 493 6 545 9 561 12 600 15 100 16 700 15 100 15 300Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 45 556 49 135 56 856 67 081 72 246 80 784 100 520 182 838 219 600 250 400 289 900 284 100 259 400

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 39 625 42 591 47 243 58 952 60 946 70 814 86 868 166 630 198 300 243 700 282 500 276 300 251 500Other transport equipment 5 931 6 545 9 612 8 130 11 300 9 970 13 651 16 208 21 300 6 700 7 400 7 800 7 900

Other manufacturing 1 227 1 176 1 125 1 278 1 841 2 199 2 505 3 068 3 000 3 600 3 400 2 800 2 800Manufacturing n.e.c. 665 562 511 460 1 841 2 199 2 505 3 068 3 000 3 600 3 400 2 800 2 800

Recycling - - - - 614 614 716 920 1 200 1 600 1 200 1 100 1 300Tertiary 200 120 214 743 226 196 241 534 261 679 304 525 365 625 420 844 568 800 688 800 766 200 780 500 743 700

Electricity, gas and water 153 153 153 102 1 074 2 096 2 965 3 886 7 600 9 400 15 500 37 100 41 000Construction 5 420 5 829 6 493 6 698 7 823 8 948 9 203 8 436 10 900 17 000 15 000 13 400 13 100Trade 149 399 159 114 162 591 175 117 197 103 221 901 268 633 311 377 395 100 474 100 513 900 504 800 471 000Hotels and restaurants 818 1 329 1 994 2 045 1 534 2 761 1 329 1 432 1 800 1 900 2 900 4 100 3 800Transport, storage and communications 12 118 13 294 14 112 15 032 13 805 18 049 22 957 25 974 59 600 56 200 71 800 75 900 79 800

Transport and storage - - - - 13 549 16 515 20 349 21 525 27 900 38 000 45 900 48 400 47 600Post and communications - - - - 256 1 534 2 608 4 448 31 700 18 200 25 900 27 500 32 200

Finance 22 139 24 644 30 473 32 518 27 763 32 058 40 903 45 556 61 300 69 200 95 400 91 100 83 300Financial Intermediation 4 806 4 908 5 982 6 545 3 477 4 397 7 618 10 328 12 800 10 000 23 100 20 800 21 600Insurance and Pension Funding 17 128 19 378 24 133 25 156 23 775 26 945 32 365 34 052 47 000 55 500 68 700 67 000 58 700Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 205 358 358 818 511 716 920 1 176 1 500 3 700 3 600 3 300 3 000

Business activities 5 624 6 033 5 726 5 573 11 453 16 770 15 134 19 634 27 800 55 100 44 600 46 200 44 900Real estate 665 716 716 716 869 1 023 1 176 1 534 1 900 2 900 3 700 4 700 4 200Rental Activities 2 096 2 301 2 352 1 483 4 704 5 829 3 528 4 448 4 100 5 300 7 500 7 200 7 200Computer and related activities - - - - 562 2 965 1 176 2 045 7 200 10 600 13 700 12 700 12 000Research and development - - - - 102 153 205 358 900 1 200 1 000 1 500 1 600Other business activities 2 863 3 017 2 659 3 375 5 215 6 800 9 050 11 248 13 800 35 100 18 700 20 100 19 900

Business activities n.e.c. 205 205 205 153 460 511 818 1 023 700 1 000 1 200 2 600 2 100Health and social services 409 460 511 460 460 971 3 068 3 221 3 500 4 200 4 500 5 700 5 200Community, social and personal services - - - - 665 971 1 432 1 329 1 200 1 700 2 600 2 200 1 600

Sewage, waste disposal and sanitation - - - - 256 307 358 460 400 500 500 600 400Other services 4 039 3 886 4 141 3 988 - - - - - - - - -

Unspecified 51 - 51 - 51 102 - - - 51 - 51 - 200 100 - - 100 -



Table 43. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1991-2003

(Millions of Euros)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 405 557 424 423 454 590 496 618 535 067 606 341 725 625 883 768 1 093 900 1 292 400 1 411 000 1 417 600 1 352 900

Developed Countries 362 608 378 816 398 808 434 291 462 310 516 354 608 335 744 288 931 400 1 067 100 1 140 300 1 147 200 1 085 600Western Europe 240 256 248 744 249 306 280 290 308 411 344 355 398 501 451 471 497 900 580 300 612 700 628 500 621 000

European Union 222 105 229 672 229 059 258 202 284 534 320 938 371 760 421 100 461 400 535 000 562 700 579 600 571 600Austria 26 332 27 610 27 712 29 757 30 933 36 557 40 341 44 840 52 400 61 500 61 900 61 100 62 900Belgium 22 037 22 190 23 008 25 002 25 922 28 223 31 905 34 461 35 100 39 600 43 800 40 300 37 600Denmark 3 323 3 886 3 784 4 295 5 164 5 369 6 749 8 283 7 800 9 200 8 800 9 100 9 500Finland 971 920 1 023 1 125 1 329 1 585 1 841 2 250 2 600 7 300 7 800 8 400 8 800France 54 248 55 577 57 674 61 508 68 257 74 546 81 602 95 203 107 000 125 900 130 600 125 300 116 700Greece 1 534 1 585 1 585 1 738 1 994 2 199 2 250 3 017 3 400 3 900 4 700 4 800 5 000Ireland 1 892 2 045 2 352 2 505 2 863 3 323 3 886 4 550 4 700 5 100 7 300 6 000 6 000Italy 25 258 26 076 22 650 24 695 26 843 35 381 41 108 48 624 52 200 59 400 61 700 65 300 65 100Luxembourg 1 687 1 841 1 994 2 454 2 710 2 608 2 863 2 812 3 700 4 200 4 000 4 300 4 100Netherlands 17 793 18 867 20 963 22 701 25 871 26 689 28 683 34 103 35 400 39 300 41 000 48 500 49 000Portugal 2 505 2 863 2 761 3 272 4 602 6 545 8 692 8 743 9 900 10 400 11 800 11 500 11 400Spain 26 127 27 150 24 542 28 530 27 814 31 751 37 324 42 693 48 100 53 300 57 000 61 100 62 900Sweden 5 624 5 573 5 215 6 698 8 385 9 459 10 686 14 316 16 700 24 700 19 600 20 900 21 700United Kingdom 32 774 33 490 33 796 43 920 51 845 56 651 73 831 77 154 82 400 91 400 102 700 112 800 110 900

Other Western Europe 18 151 19 071 20 247 22 088 23 877 23 417 26 741 30 371 36 500 45 300 50 000 48 900 49 400Iceland - - - - - - - 153 .. - - - -Liechtenstein - - - - 256 256 307 358 400 400 500 400 600Norway 1 432 1 585 2 045 1 841 2 147 2 659 2 965 3 221 3 100 4 000 4 800 5 200 4 900Switzerland 16 719 17 486 18 202 20 247 21 474 20 503 23 468 26 638 33 000 40 900 44 700 43 300 43 800


Other Developed Countries 22 855 23 366 26 383 29 757 32 160 35 279 38 603 35 433 49 000 81 700 88 800 91 000 79 000Australia 3 426 3 426 4 090 4 960 5 420 6 749 8 283 8 283 9 900 10 700 12 300 13 400 14 800Israel 51 51 102 102 102 153 256 358 500 600 700 700 500Japan 13 651 14 009 16 157 18 253 19 276 21 577 21 065 18 458 29 400 60 000 65 000 66 200 51 400New Zealand 256 307 358 409 460 511 562 511 600 700 800 900 1 200South Africa 5 471 5 573 5 675 6 033 6 902 6 289 8 436 7 823 8 600 9 700 10 000 9 800 11 100

Developing Countries 40 085 41 670 48 880 52 254 56 958 65 087 81 142 89 783 102 200 144 300 174 800 162 000 157 300Africa 2 250 2 045 2 045 2 045 2 096 2 556 2 863 2 965 3 700 5 100 5 300 4 200 4 700

North Africa 1 176 1 176 1 125 1 227 1 278 1 636 1 841 1 943 2 600 3 800 3 500 3 400 4 000Algeria - - - - - - - 51 100 100 100 200 200Egypt 153 153 153 205 205 256 307 460 600 800 800 800 1 300Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 665 614 614 562 665 869 1 023 665 1 100 1 800 1 600 1 500 1 600Morocco 205 205 205 256 205 256 256 460 500 700 600 600 600Tunisia 153 205 153 205 205 256 256 307 300 400 400 300 300

Other Africa 971 767 716 767 716 818 818 971 1 000 1 200 1 400 800 500Cameroon 102 102 51 51 51 51 51 51 - - - - ..Congo - - - - 51 102 - - - - - - -Côte d'Ivoire 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 100 100 100 100 -Democratic Rep. of the Congo - - - - 51 51 - - - - - - -Ghana - - - 51 51 51 102 102 100 100 100 - -Kenya 102 102 102 153 102 102 102 102 100 100 100 100 100Liberia 256 102 153 205 153 153 153 153 200 300 300 - -Mauritius - - - - - - - 51 100 100 100 100 -Namibia - - - - - - 51 - - - - .. ..Nigeria 358 358 358 205 153 205 307 409 400 500 600 500 400Zaire 51 51 - 51 51 51 - - - - - - -Zimbabwe 51 - - - - - - 51 - - 100 - ..

Latin America and the Caribbean 22 906 22 139 27 150 29 195 30 575 33 029 40 648 47 448 48 300 65 200 65 700 55 900 47 300South America 16 617 15 594 19 634 21 014 24 286 25 667 30 678 31 035 26 200 35 700 34 000 26 000 23 700

Argentina 2 147 2 250 2 710 3 017 2 863 3 784 4 960 5 573 5 100 6 200 4 600 2 400 2 400Bolivia - 51 - - - - - - - - - - -Brazil 13 191 11 913 15 339 16 106 19 429 19 685 22 855 22 190 17 400 24 400 23 900 18 800 17 300Chile 256 307 358 409 460 562 767 767 800 1 000 1 100 1 400 1 000Colombia 460 562 614 818 767 818 971 1 023 1 000 1 400 1 400 1 200 1 100Ecuador 102 51 102 102 102 102 102 153 100 200 300 300 300Paraguay - - - - 51 51 51 51 - 100 100 - -Peru 102 51 51 102 102 153 205 256 300 400 500 400 400Uruguay 51 102 102 102 153 205 205 256 200 400 300 200 200Venezuela 307 307 358 358 358 307 562 767 1 300 1 600 1 800 1 300 1 000

Other Latin America and Caribbean 6 238 6 442 7 465 8 027 6 084 7 158 9 817 16 157 21 800 29 100 31 400 29 400 23 500Bahamas - - - - - - 51 51 100 - 100 100 100Barbados - - - - - - - 307 600 600 700 600 300Bermuda 358 358 307 358 358 256 358 409 200 300 900 800 500British Virgin Islands - - - - - - - - - - 100 100 100Cayman Islands 205 205 205 205 205 153 153 205 200 400 300 500 400Costa Rica 51 51 51 51 102 102 102 102 100 200 200 100 200Dominican Republic - - - 51 - 51 51 51 100 100 100 100 100El Salvador 51 51 51 51 51 51 102 102 100 200 100 100 100Guatemala 102 102 102 102 153 153 205 205 200 300 300 300 200Honduras - - - - - - - 51 - 100 100 - 100Jamaica - - - - - - - - - - 0 - -Mexico 5 062 5 266 6 391 6 800 4 806 6 187 8 539 14 367 19 900 26 500 28 300 26 500 21 200Netherlands Antilles 358 358 307 358 358 102 153 153 100 100 - - -Panama 51 51 51 51 51 102 102 153 200 300 200 200 200

/…


Table 43. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1991-2003(concluded )

(Millions of Euros)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Developing Europe 1 074 1 278 665 869 767 1 125 1 329 1 687 2 900 3 100 4 400 4 500 5 300

Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - - - - - - 100 200 100 200Croatia - - - - 102 153 307 409 1 100 1 500 2 000 2 000 2 800Malta 102 102 102 153 153 153 153 153 200 200 300 200 300Slovenia - 562 562 716 511 818 818 1 023 1 400 1 100 1 400 1 300 1 200TFYR of Macedonia - - - - - - - - 100 100 300 500 500Yugoslavia (former) 971 614 - - - - 51 102 100 100 100 200 -

Asia 13 856 16 208 19 020 20 145 23 519 28 377 36 302 37 682 47 300 70 900 99 400 97 400 100 000West Asia 3 170 3 528 3 630 3 068 3 835 4 806 6 340 6 954 6 900 10 300 8 800 8 400 10 100

Bahrain - - - - 51 51 102 51 100 100 - 100 100Cyprus 51 102 51 102 102 102 153 205 200 300 300 200 300Iran, Islamic Republic of 205 511 51 51 51 51 102 153 100 100 500 100 200Lebanon - - - - - 51 51 51 - 100 100 - -Oman 51 51 51 51 - 51 51 102 - - 100 .. 100Saudi Arabia 511 511 358 307 307 307 358 460 500 600 700 700 800Syrian Arab Republic 307 307 307 256 307 358 307 205 - - - - -Turkey 1 790 1 892 2 556 2 045 2 761 3 477 4 806 5 317 5 400 8 000 6 100 6 300 7 300United Arab Emirates 256 153 256 256 256 358 409 409 600 1 100 1 000 1 000 1 300

Central Asia - - - - - - - 51 - 100 200 200 300Kazakhstan - - - - - - - - - 100 200 200 300Uzbekistan - - - - - - - 51 - - - - ..

South, East and South-East Asia 10 635 12 680 15 390 17 077 19 685 23 571 29 962 30 678 40 100 59 700 89 900 88 200 89 100Bangladesh - - - - - - - 51 100 100 100 100 200China 665 1 329 2 045 1 892 2 812 3 886 6 033 7 311 9 900 16 600 22 900 20 800 24 400Hong Kong, China 2 761 3 221 4 141 4 346 4 397 4 806 6 647 6 647 7 100 9 400 9 900 9 600 9 600India 1 534 1 329 1 329 1 432 1 534 1 943 2 710 2 505 4 600 5 800 5 700 3 700 3 900Indonesia 562 511 665 920 1 023 1 380 1 278 920 1 100 1 400 2 200 2 600 2 600Malaysia 971 1 176 1 278 1 432 1 892 1 994 2 352 2 250 2 600 3 500 4 000 4 000 4 000Pakistan 256 256 307 307 307 358 307 256 300 400 400 400 400Philippines 256 307 358 358 409 562 716 614 900 1 100 2 200 1 900 800Republic of Korea 818 920 1 074 1 432 1 585 1 790 1 994 1 892 3 800 6 500 25 900 27 600 24 700Singapore 2 250 2 301 2 710 3 272 3 886 4 704 5 522 5 573 6 500 10 200 10 700 11 400 12 700Sri Lanka 51 51 102 102 51 51 51 51 100 100 100 - -Taiwan Province of China 511 614 614 767 818 920 1 227 1 329 1 600 2 600 2 700 2 300 2 500Thailand - 665 767 818 971 1 176 1 074 1 227 1 400 1 900 3 000 3 600 3 100Viet Nam - - - - - - 51 51 100 100 100 200 200

Central and Eastern Europe 2 250 4 244 6 902 9 919 15 594 24 440 36 097 49 595 60 300 81 200 95 700 108 400 109 800Belarus - - - - 51 51 51 51 - 100 100 100 -Bulgaria - 51 51 102 102 153 256 409 500 700 900 900 800Czech Republic - 1 687 2 608 3 681 5 420 7 925 10 584 13 396 16 200 24 100 29 100 32 400 31 800Czechoslovakia 460 - - - - - - - - - - - -Estonia - - - - - - - 102 200 200 300 300 400Hungary 1 227 1 738 2 403 3 017 4 244 6 647 10 379 14 470 17 600 20 000 21 600 22 500 23 000Latvia - - - - 51 51 102 153 500 600 700 600 400Lithuania - - - - 51 51 51 153 200 300 500 1 300 1 000Poland 205 562 1 176 1 994 3 579 6 493 9 970 14 316 16 900 23 700 27 600 29 000 27 500Romania - 51 102 102 153 205 460 920 900 1 300 1 800 2 300 2 000Russian Federation 358 153 256 460 869 1 227 1 790 1 943 2 700 4 000 6 400 8 800 11 600Slovakia - - 307 562 1 023 1 432 2 045 3 170 3 600 5 000 5 700 9 100 10 700Ukraine - - - - 51 205 409 511 1 000 1 200 1 000 1 100 600

Unspecified 614 - 307 - 153 205 460 51 102 - - 200 200 - 200



Table 44. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1991-2003

(Millions of Euros)


Primary 1 125 1 074 1 074 1 841 3 579 3 988 4 244 3 988 4 100 5 200 6 600 6 800 7 400Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 205 256 256 460 562 562 614 614 400 700 900 800 700Mining, quarrying and petroleum 920 818 818 1 380 3 017 3 426 3 630 3 375 3 700 4 500 5 700 6 000 6 700

Mining and quarrying 102 - - 460 511 511 562 562 900 1 000 900 900 900Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas 818 818 818 920 2 505 2 914 3 068 2 812 2 800 3 500 4 800 5 100 5 800

Secondary 255 186 257 844 247 363 256 669 264 389 267 661 288 931 294 402 327 300 377 400 389 000 407 300 446 400Food, beverages and tobacco 34 154 34 001 34 052 34 921 35 688 35 126 35 228 36 251 34 400 38 600 36 100 41 300 42 700

Food products and beverages 22 855 23 008 23 162 23 519 24 082 23 724 24 389 25 104 25 500 25 400 22 600 22 800 24 300Tobacco products 11 300 10 993 10 891 11 402 11 606 11 402 10 839 11 146 8 900 13 200 13 500 18 500 18 400

Textiles, clothing and leather 4 602 4 806 4 346 4 602 4 602 4 448 3 477 3 426 3 500 3 900 4 100 4 200 4 600Textiles 2 812 2 914 2 556 2 250 1 892 1 738 1 687 1 534 1 300 1 700 1 800 1 700 2 000Clothing 920 1 023 971 1 432 2 301 2 250 1 329 1 329 1 700 1 600 1 700 1 800 2 300Leather and leather products 869 869 818 920 409 460 460 562 500 600 600 700 300

Wood and wood products 7 618 7 976 7 721 8 487 7 669 9 203 9 663 10 584 11 900 13 500 13 200 14 100 13 100Sawmilling and planing of wood 256 256 256 409 - - - - - - - - - Paper and paper products 6 698 6 902 6 596 6 902 6 647 8 027 8 385 9 050 10 400 11 800 11 600 12 200 10 900

Publishing and printing 256 256 256 256 2 301 2 556 2 863 2 454 3 400 4 400 4 000 3 800 4 300Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 35 586 37 529 36 353 36 915 35 893 35 075 42 079 41 619 41 600 39 200 40 000 57 400 95 800Chemicals and chemical products 40 954 38 756 35 995 38 245 41 568 42 182 46 170 39 165 49 900 51 500 50 000 50 500 49 800Rubber and plastic products 9 817 10 277 8 948 9 408 10 021 9 868 10 277 11 453 12 800 14 400 14 400 16 300 16 600Non-metallic mineral products 6 033 6 340 6 596 5 931 5 573 5 215 5 420 5 369 6 000 7 600 6 900 6 800 7 000Metal and metal products 20 605 18 816 18 151 19 378 19 122 17 895 18 764 22 599 21 300 24 500 27 800 32 800 30 300

Basic metals 11 862 8 743 8 130 8 794 - - - - - - - - - Fabricated metal products 8 743 10 072 10 021 10 584 9 408 9 561 9 459 10 430 10 600 11 500 13 800 13 700 13 400

Manufacture of structural metal products 6 800 7 874 7 772 7 925 - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of other fabricated metal products 1 943 2 199 2 250 2 659 - - - - - - - - -


Office, accounting and computing machinery 12 271 12 271 12 322 11 504 7 567 7 209 7 567 8 181 8 700 20 400 18 700 11 600 11 900Electrical machinery and apparatus 27 354 29 246 28 428 28 428 9 152 8 487 9 766 10 533 12 500 14 300 17 400 13 000 12 900Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - 13 498 14 776 15 901 15 390 26 200 33 100 31 100 29 900 29 700

Precision instruments 3 579 3 835 3 784 3 681 6 851 7 465 8 181 8 999 8 600 11 700 14 700 14 900 15 800Motor vehicles and other transport equip. 33 694 34 461 31 189 35 023 37 733 39 523 43 000 46 221 51 400 61 600 69 800 68 700 69 000

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 31 700 32 365 28 939 33 336 35 535 36 506 39 574 40 750 45 500 46 900 52 300 52 300 52 000Other transport equipment 1 994 2 096 2 250 1 687 2 199 3 017 3 426 5 471 5 900 14 700 17 500 16 400 17 000

Other manufacturing 665 818 971 920 1 738 1 841 1 841 2 147 2 500 2 300 2 200 2 200 2 100Manufacturing n.e.c. 358 460 409 460 1 738 1 841 1 841 2 147 2 500 2 300 2 200 2 200 2 100


Electricity, gas and water 1 380 1 432 1 380 1 125 1 585 2 096 3 426 3 681 11 900 15 700 20 800 5 500 4 300Construction 4 090 4 755 4 653 5 317 4 857 4 857 4 857 6 187 7 100 7 700 7 600 7 600 8 200Trade 147 661 149 195 151 240 158 449 161 006 168 880 186 622 200 938 216 900 254 500 261 200 264 100 250 700Hotels and restaurants 2 352 2 556 2 608 2 710 3 017 2 863 3 170 3 272 3 800 4 200 4 100 4 500 4 300Transport, storage and communications 9 612 9 254 8 232 9 306 11 555 12 527 15 083 17 231 23 600 28 800 32 100 34 400 27 500

Transport and storage - - - - 8 692 8 539 9 970 10 737 13 500 15 500 16 500 16 500 15 300Post and communications - - - - 2 863 3 988 5 113 6 493 10 100 13 300 15 600 17 900 12 200

Finance 14 521 15 748 13 907 15 646 17 486 16 975 16 361 17 128 24 200 21 200 23 500 21 200 22 700Financial Intermediation 256 205 205 153 358 716 1 023 920 2 100 2 200 2 900 2 300 1 900Insurance and Pension Funding 13 600 14 572 12 987 14 879 17 026 16 157 15 185 15 646 21 400 18 200 19 500 17 600 19 500Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 665 971 716 614 102 102 153 562 700 800 1 100 1 200 1 300

Business activities 14 725 16 719 15 492 15 594 24 286 26 332 28 939 33 694 43 500 43 700 46 000 50 900 56 100Real estate 1 329 1 432 1 483 1 790 2 301 2 454 2 556 2 556 3 300 3 700 2 900 3 300 2 600Rental Activities 4 755 5 471 4 704 4 550 5 266 5 778 6 391 7 414 8 500 9 800 10 400 10 700 11 800Computer and related activities - - - - 7 516 8 487 9 050 10 277 12 200 8 400 7 400 12 700 14 900Research and development - - - - 256 358 511 665 1 000 700 900 900 900Other business activities 8 641 9 817 9 306 9 254 8 948 9 254 10 430 12 782 18 500 21 200 24 400 23 200 25 900

Business activities n.e.c. 1 074 1 687 1 125 1 585 1 841 1 125 1 585 1 227 4 100 3 800 3 100 4 500 5 600Education - - - - 205 102 - - 200 300 400 200 300Health and social services - - - - - - 102 102 .. .. .. 0 - Community, social and personal service - - - - 1 432 1 738 3 375 3 681 3 500 4 200 3 800 5 900 6 900

Sewage & waste disposal, sanitation - - - - 256 307 256 205 600 700 700 800 600Other services 2 556 3 119 3 477 3 323 - - - - - - - - -

Unspecified - - - - - - 102 153 51 - - - - 200 - 200



Table 45. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1991-2003(Millions of Euros)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003TOTAL WORLD 453 209 461 697 449 426 469 979 493 397 507 917 555 263 584 355 666 100 762 900 795 100 808 200 834 600

Developed Countries 525 097 530 670 527 142 545 651 518 757 532 357 573 465 600 512 677 700 785 100 825 200 837 200 858 500Western Europe 357 598 357 086 358 569 372 272 332 851 342 310 373 039 409 034 490 700 597 500 618 100 644 900 675 500

European Union 275 433 275 740 280 188 295 680 254 317 265 105 288 113 320 836 406 100 511 100 534 000 558 400 583 800Austria 13 651 13 805 15 185 18 100 18 764 18 253 19 480 17 946 26 500 28 000 30 200 30 000 29 600Belgium 12 373 12 424 12 322 15 032 15 901 16 259 16 719 17 997 25 300 38 800 40 700 39 200 38 700Denmark 5 573 6 136 6 954 8 078 9 101 8 283 8 845 12 322 12 600 11 400 12 400 12 900 13 500Finland 4 550 4 346 4 141 4 704 5 522 5 573 5 675 6 800 9 200 12 200 11 400 10 400 11 400France 42 130 42 284 47 755 45 505 46 067 43 767 50 004 66 212 79 000 84 500 88 800 88 000 88 400Greece 153 51 51 51 51 51 102 - - - 100 200 300Ireland 205 205 205 256 358 511 511 1 176 1 600 1 800 3 000 3 100 3 200Italy 16 361 13 600 14 265 11 300 11 862 12 833 16 566 11 760 13 200 15 400 18 600 19 200 21 000Luxembourg 6 800 6 238 5 675 8 436 8 436 8 999 11 351 14 009 17 700 22 200 25 300 30 500 33 500Netherlands 103 792 107 780 109 468 117 239 121 176 125 624 131 658 138 253 171 400 239 500 238 300 263 400 225 400Portugal 102 51 51 102 153 153 102 102 100 600 600 600 600Spain 7 056 7 005 6 442 6 187 6 136 7 005 6 954 8 692 6 700 7 500 8 200 8 700 25 600Sweden 12 220 12 424 9 459 10 788 10 430 11 300 13 907 14 418 16 200 17 700 18 000 13 100 11 700United Kingdom 50 465 49 391 48 215 49 902 50 771 56 242 61 253 63 707 70 600 79 700 85 400 113 800 169 700

Other Western Europe 82 165 81 347 78 381 76 592 78 534 77 205 84 926 88 198 84 600 86 400 84 100 86 500 91 700Liechtenstein - - - - 3 784 3 886 3 835 3 681 3 700 3 600 4 200 4 500 4 400Norway 1 943 2 147 2 556 2 761 2 863 2 710 2 812 3 017 3 700 4 500 4 200 6 900 7 400Switzerland 80 222 79 199 75 825 73 831 71 888 70 609 78 279 81 500 77 200 78 300 75 700 75 100 77 500


Other Developed Countries 29 399 31 444 29 604 28 837 31 751 32 978 33 541 37 324 33 900 38 500 41 800 38 900 39 600Australia 1 585 1 636 1 483 1 432 1 585 1 380 1 534 1 585 300 300 300 300 300Israel 358 409 511 460 460 460 511 562 600 1 200 1 100 1 000 1 100Japan 26 996 29 399 27 405 26 741 29 553 30 933 31 342 35 023 32 700 36 800 39 800 36 300 36 900New Zealand 102 - - - - - - - - - - - -South Africa 358 - 205 205 153 205 153 153 300 200 600 1 300 1 300

Developing Countries 14 265 14 572 13 805 13 856 19 327 16 566 24 900 21 730 21 900 25 900 20 600 18 200 22 200Africa 205 51 51 205 153 153 256 256 200 400 500 100 200

North Africa 102 51 51 51 - - - - .. - - .. ..Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 51 51 51 51 - - - - - - - .. ..Tunisia 51 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean 5 113 7 056 7 005 6 340 10 175 6 289 6 749 5 829 6 800 7 500 5 800 4 400 5 500South America 614 614 614 614 4 397 1 329 1 483 1 432 1 400 1 500 1 500 300 300

Argentina 307 307 307 256 4 090 971 1 074 1 074 1 100 1 200 1 200 - -Brazil 205 256 256 256 205 256 256 256 200 200 200 200 200Uruguay 51 51 51 102 102 102 153 102 100 100 100 100 100Venezuela 51 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 4 193 6 033 6 391 5 522 5 624 4 704 4 960 4 193 5 200 5 700 4 000 3 400 4 500Bahamas 1 636 1 483 1 585 1 483 1 534 307 358 307 300 500 500 0 0Bermuda 1 790 1 943 1 994 869 971 614 102 102 100 300 500 600 1 100British Virgin Islands - - 153 256 256 409 614 665 700 500 500 400 500Cayman Islands 102 102 153 153 205 256 1 023 869 500 500 600 700 600Mexico 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 102 200 200 200 100 100Netherlands Antilles 307 256 358 409 409 460 511 511 600 700 600 700 900Panama 307 2 199 2 096 2 301 2 199 2 608 2 301 1 636 2 800 3 000 1 100 900 1 300

Developing Europe 1 841 1 329 920 818 869 920 1 023 920 800 700 900 900 700Bosnia and Herzegovina - - - - 51 51 51 - - - - .. ..Croatia - - - - 153 153 153 102 100 100 100 100 100Malta - - - - 102 - - - - .. 100 100 0Slovenia - - 920 818 409 409 562 614 600 500 600 600 600TFYR of Macedonia - - - - 51 51 - - - - - - -Yugoslavia (former) 1 841 1 329 - - 102 256 256 205 100 100 100 100 -

Asia 7 107 6 136 5 829 6 493 8 130 9 203 16 873 14 725 14 100 17 300 13 400 12 800 15 800West Asia 3 579 2 403 1 176 1 380 1 534 1 738 4 857 4 039 6 000 6 500 3 900 3 700 4 100

Cyprus 102 102 102 102 102 102 2 710 2 199 4 200 4 700 2 100 2 000 2 400Iran, Islamic Republic of 2 761 1 380 153 205 256 409 614 460 400 500 600 400 500Kuwait - 51 51 51 - - - - 100 100 - - -Lebanon - - - - - - - 51 100 - - .. ..Saudi Arabia 256 409 460 460 511 562 511 409 400 400 400 500 400Turkey 409 409 409 562 665 665 1 023 920 800 800 800 800 800

South, East and South-East Asia 3 170 3 375 4 653 5 113 6 596 7 465 12 015 10 686 8 300 10 800 9 500 9 100 11 700China 256 307 460 307 511 358 358 409 300 500 500 400 400Hong Kong, China 869 920 920 869 716 1 125 562 562 800 900 800 600 700India 51 - 51 51 102 51 51 51 - - - - -Indonesia 51 51 153 51 51 - 51 51 100 100 100 100 100Republic of Korea 1 892 1 994 2 301 3 068 4 397 5 113 6 749 5 624 6 100 8 300 7 300 7 100 9 700Singapore - - 153 256 307 205 3 630 3 375 300 400 300 300 300Taiwan Province of China - - 409 409 358 460 511 562 600 600 500 500 500Thailand 51 102 205 102 153 153 102 51 100 .. 0 100 0

Central and Eastern Europe 3 119 4 141 3 835 4 141 4 806 5 880 6 187 5 164 6 900 9 400 7 800 6 900 7 900Belarus - - - - 51 51 51 51 - 100 100 100 100Bulgaria 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 - - - - -Czech Republic - - 205 256 460 511 409 409 300 400 300 300 200

/…


Table 45. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1991-2003(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Czechoslovakia 511 409 - - - - - - - - - - -Hungary 307 307 256 205 205 205 153 205 1 400 1 700 1 500 1 200 1 200Poland 614 562 460 409 460 460 511 409 400 500 500 400 300Romania - - - - 51 51 51 51 - .. - - ..Russian Federation 1 636 2 812 2 761 3 068 3 221 4 295 4 755 3 886 4 700 6 600 5 200 4 900 6 100Slovakia - - 102 153 256 205 153 51 100 100 100 .. ..Ukraine - - - - 51 51 51 51 - - 100 .. ..

Unspecified -89 272 -87 687 -95 356 -93 669 -49 493 -46 885 -49 289 -43 051 -40 400 -57 500 -58 500 -54 100 -54 000



Table 76. Royalty receipts of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy, 1990-2003

(Millions of Euro)

Sector / industry 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 1 000 908 870 796 893 1 098 1 284 1 497 1 545 1 381 1 408 1 655 1 883 1 429

Secondary 982 887 820 775 873 1 000 1 167 1 365 1 388 1 178 1 184 1 366 1 530 1 024Food, beverages and tobacco 8 8 9 1 1 2 8 8 9 11 11 6 7 4Manufacture of refined petroleum products .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chemicals and chemical products 559 521 459 423 466 559 692 734 822 799 708 957 854 456Metal and metal products 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 - - - - - Machinery and equipment 80 72 69 82 63 63 85 72 81 62 54 74 71 67Electrical and electronic equipment 185 209 235 208 270 273 282 403 337 151 214 102 210 213Precision instruments 5 5 5 9 7 8 9 6 12 10 21 26 29 29Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 107 56 35 31 57 85 76 104 104 124 144 176 323 226

Tertiary 11 14 42 10 10 89 110 119 123 191 208 269 344 397Trade 5 7 34 4 8 30 6 4 2 1 1 15 324 251Business activities 6 7 8 6 3 59 104 115 121 190 207 254 20 146

Unspecified 7 7 8 11 10 9 7 13 33 12 16 20 9 8

Source: Deutsche Bundesbank, Technologische Dienstleistungen , various issues.


Table 79. Royalty receipts of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1990-2003

(Millions of Euro)

Sector / industry 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 195 293 377 423 412 452 503 460 675 590 697 832 1 089 1 042

Secondary 174 273 287 305 291 384 353 415 595 507 599 660 886 832Food, beverages and tobacco 5 6 3 2 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 8 20 - Manufacture of refined petroleum products .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chemicals and chemical products 91 118 143 163 149 109 139 110 260 158 268 334 228 340Metal and metal products 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 - 1 1 1 - - Machinery and equipment 12 12 8 3 10 6 3 14 9 12 8 23 25 26Electrical and electronic equipment 37 55 47 43 47 38 38 25 24 22 55 85 111 84Precision instruments 7 9 16 9 5 2 4 8 6 9 38 74 319 310Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 4 1 9 36 22 153 163 240 274 281 212 115 182 50Unspecified secondary 17 71 60 49 56 75 4 13 20 23 15 20 1 22


Unspecified - - - - - - - - - 3 - 4 23 22



Table 81. Royalty payments of home-based TNCs, by industry in the home economy, 1990-2003

(Millions of Euro)

Sector / industry 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Total 405 399 360 382 391 733 700 709 746 766 906 960 900 895

Secondary 389 376 312 345 361 698 650 642 669 678 795 819 746 741Food, beverages and tobacco 3 4 4 4 10 2 2 3 1 1 2 6 1 1Manufacture of refined petroleum products .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chemicals and chemical products 235 165 147 169 182 533 431 275 352 439 555 541 481 466Metal and metal products 3 4 4 3 7 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 1 1Machinery and equipment 40 28 35 34 38 28 41 37 30 31 37 51 60 55Electrical and electronic equipment 85 145 93 110 90 99 135 274 230 139 146 132 90 107Precision instruments 10 10 10 8 11 17 19 13 14 15 17 27 30 33Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 4 8 12 7 12 8 11 27 25 40 20 42 40 48Unspecified secondary 9 12 8 11 12 8 10 10 14 11 14 17 43 30


Unspecified 4 3 3 4 2 2 1 5 2 2 3 26 18 14



Table 84. Royalty payments of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the home economy, by industry 1990-2003

(Millions of Euro)


Secondary 1 730 1 851 1 828 1 590 1 574 1 650 970 1 612 1 434 1 280 1 586 1 650 1 436 1 047Food, beverages and tobacco 162 189 195 232 201 179 166 127 126 125 136 99 75 104Manufacture of refined petroleum products .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..Chemicals and chemical products 276 312 318 301 292 320 292 159 217 273 341 436 366 334Metal and metal products 20 20 14 10 9 7 1 13 3 2 2 3 1 3Machinery and equipment 31 21 23 23 26 25 23 53 73 82 64 87 70 58Electrical and electronic equipment 1 097 1 152 1 112 866 943 1 005 375 250 282 261 589 367 379 372Precision instruments 43 49 47 37 37 47 41 46 54 47 75 71 119 77Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 13 15 16 13 9 15 20 910 608 434 308 497 353 26Unspecified secondary 88 92 103 109 57 52 52 54 71 57 72 90 73 73


Unspecified 4 8 8 9 12 14 8 6 5 16 3 18 14 16



Company Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

Daimlerchrysler AG Motor vehicles 136 437 362 063Volkswagen AG Motor vehicles 87 153 334 873Siemens Electrical and electronic equipment 74 233 417 000BMW Motor vehicles 41 525 104 342Robert Bosch GMBH Motor vehicles 36 357 231 600Thyssenkrupp AG Motor vehicles products 36 137 190 102BASF Chemicals 33 361 87 159Bayer Plastic products 28 567 115 400Audi Motor vehicles 23 406 52 689Man Motor vehicles 15 021 64 158RAG Aktiengesellschaft Mining 12 864 77 680Continental AG Chemicals 11 534 68 829Degussa AG Chemicals 11 427 47 000Henkel Chemicals 9 436 48 628

B. Tertiary

Deutsche Telekom Telecommunications 55 838 248 519Metro Trade 53 595 242 010RWE Electricity gas and water 42 771 127 028E On AG Electricity gas and water 42 541 66 549Deutsche Post AG Telecommunications 40 017 348 781Tengelmann Warenhandelsgesellschaft Trade 31 956 183 638Deutsche Bahn AG Transport and storage Telecommunications 28 228 242 759Celesio Agency Trade 19 215 64 257Deutsche Lufthansa AG Transport and storage 15 957 93 246Karstadt Quelle AG Trade 15 270 100 956Otto Verdsand GMBH & CO Trade 14 021 54 098Edeka Zentrale AG Trade 11 658 27 901Hochtief Construction 10 534 34 039

C. Finance and Insurance Assets Employees

Allianz AG Insurance 896 487 173 750Deutsche Bank AG Finance 634 257 67 682Bayerische Hypo-Und-Vereinsbanken AG Finance 469 382 60 214Commerzbank Finance 375 817 32 377Bayer Landesbank Finance 308 977 9 061Eurohypo AG Finance 225 504 2 735Muenchener Rueckversicherung Insurance 196 206 41 431Berliner Bank Finance 152 041 11 525

Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs, 2003

(Millions of Euros and number)

Sources: Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com), Who Owns Whom, 2003 (London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd., 2003), various company websites.


Table 87. Largest foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, 2000

(Millions of United States dollars and number)

Company Host economy Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

DaimlerChyrsler North American Holding Corp United States Motor vehicles 66 545 475 188DaimlerChrysler México Mexico Motor vehicles 9 085 ..Bayer Corporation United States Chemicals 8 928 23 000Volkswagen México Mexico Motor vehicles 7 631 ..BASF Corporation United States Chemicals 6 847 14 425Seat SA Spain Motor vehicles 5 365 14 465Volkswagen Brasil Brazil Motor vehicles 4 389 ..DaimlerChrysler Brasil Brazil Motor vehicles 3 509 ..Electronicpartner Austria GmbH Austria Electrical and electronic equipment 2 343 15Volkswagen Bruxelles SA Belgium Motor vehicles 2 315 6 287Siemens AG Österreich Austria Electrical and electronic equipment 2 096 17 667Mercedes Benz España SA Spain Motor vehicles 2 073 4 713BASF Antwerpen NV Belgium Chemicals 1 967 3 398Volkswagen Navarra, SA Spain Motor vehicles 1 810 5 500

B. Tertiary

The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. Inc United States Trade 10 151 80 900The Turner Corporation United States Construction 4 800 3 600Thomson Travel Group Plc United Kingdom Tourism 4 542 17 448Volkswagen Audi España SA Spain Automotive trade and repair 3 735 222Danzas AG Switzerland Transport and storage 3 521 b 15 556 b

Groupe Volkswagen France S.A. France Automotive trade and repair 3 243 650Leighton Holdings Australia Construction 2 416 ..Great Atlanticnd Pacific Tea Company Ltd Canada Trade 2 156 20 000Wintershall Oil AG Switzerland Trade 1 110 b 11 b

BMW Italia SpA Italy Automotive trade and repair 1 078 180Max.Mobil. Telekommunikation Service GmbH Austria Telecommunications 964 1 400Comercial Mercedes-Benz SA Spain Automotive trade and repair 959 470Makro Zelfbedieningsgroothandel NA Belgium Trade 943 2 669BMW France France Automotive trade and repair 939 400DaimlerChrysler Schweiz Holding AG Switzerland Trade 858 b 307 b

Villeroy und Boch Austria Handelsgesellschaft mbH Austria Trade 803 35


Bank Austria AG Austria Finance 152 041 18 787Deutsche Bank Luxembourg SA Luxembourg Finance 35 266 a 367 a

DePfa-Bank Europe Plc Ireland Finance 29 003 a 75 a

HypoVereinsbank Luxembourg SA Luxembourg Finance 24 265 a 384 a

Cook, Thomas Currency Services Inc United States Finance 20 000 d 12000 d

Dresdner Bank Luxembourg SA Luxembourg Finance 18 830 a 474 a

WestLB International SA Luxembourg Finance 17 437 a 178 a

Norddeutsche Landesbank Luxembourg SA Luxembourg Finance 16 666 a 94 a

Commerzbank International SA Luxembourg Finance 13 233 a 230 a

Deutsche Bank SpA Italy Finance 13 005 4 194LBLux SA Luxembourg Finance 12 582 a 225 a

Bankgesellschaft Berlin International SA Luxembourg Finance 9 901 a 98 a

DG Bank Luxembourg SA Luxembourg Finance 8 825 a 343 a

Landesbank Schleswig - Holstein International SA Luxembourg Finance 8 741 a 80 a

AGF Union Fenix Seguros Y Reaseguros SA Spain Insurance .. 1 752 c

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2001 (London, Reed Information Services Ltd, 2001); City Guide to Hungary (Budapest BusinessJournal/ITD Hungary, 1999); Classic Ratings Database, 2001 (New York, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001); Foreign Investment in Latin America& the Caribbean (ECLAC, United Nations 2000); Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com); Who Owns Whom, 2001(London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd, 2001); Worldscope Database, June 2001; World Investment Directory Asia and the Pacific (Geneva, UnitedNations, 2000); World Investment Directory Central & Eastern Europe (Geneva, United Nations, forthcoming); Wright Company Analysis(http://profiles.wisi.com/); various company websites.


Company Home Economy Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

Shell Deutschland Oil GmbH Netherlands Petroleum 29 138 4 943Veba ÖL AG England Petroleum 24 454 7 586Deutsche BP AG England Petroleum gas 20 548 5 265Ford-Werke AG USA Motor vehicles 15 940 38 232Adam Opel AG USA Motor vehicles 14 177 32 261Aral Mineralölvertrieb GmbH England Petroleum 13 451 550Aral AG England Petroleum 11 653 3 000Esso Deutschland GmbH USA Petroleum 11 478 1 173BP Refining &Petrochemicals GmbH England Chemicals 10 088 3 600Valeo GmbH France Motor vehicles products 9 307 68 200Hoechst AG France Chemicals 9 177 ..Spar Handels-AG France Food 7 016 ..ConocoPhillips Germany GmbH USA Tobacco 6 975 2 740Fujitsu Siemens Computers GmbH Netherlands Electrical and electronic equipment 6 703 ..ConocoPhillips Germany GmbH USA Petroleum 6 054 201

B. Tertiary

Vattenfall Europe AG Sweden Business activities 8 869 ..Faurecia Autositze GmbH &Co. KG France Construction 8 763 ..IBM Deutschland Informationssysteme GmbH USA Business activities 5 327 11 003Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke AG Sweden Business activities 3 419 4 125Renault Nissan Deutschland AG France Automotive trade and repair 1 975 ..Kraft Foods Deutschland GmbH USA Trade 1 961 1 084STRABAG AG Austria Business activities 1 660 ..Arcor AG &Co. England Telecommunications 1 269 8 900Hugo Boss AG Italy Business activities 1 215 ..Pfizer GmbH USA Trade 1 169 1 020Kühne &Nagel (AG &Co.) KG Switzerland Transport and storage 1 070 4 200Goldwell Vertriebs GmbH Japan Trade 983 250Ernst &Young AG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft USA Business activities 841 3 691Kodak Holding GmbH USA Business services 829 ..Gefa-Leasing GmbH France Trade 774 691


Aachener und Münchener Lebensversicherung AG Italy Insurance .. 1 820Deutscher Herold Lebensversicherung AG Switzerland Insurance .. 1 364AXA Lebensversicherung AG France Insurance .. 1 000Kölnische Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG Luxembourg Insurance .. 908Volksfürsorge Deutsche Lebensversicherung AG Italy Insurance .. 6 000Swiss Re Germany AG Switzerland Insurance .. 445Zürich Versicherung AG (Deutschland) Switzerland Finance .. 3 106DBV-Winterthur Lebensversicherung-AG Switzerland Insurance .. 1 876Aachener und M nchener Versicherung AG Italy Insurance .. 3 363Generali Versicherung AG Italy Insurance .. 1 206Deutsche Hypothekenbank AG Netherlands Finance .. 200SEB AG Sweden Finance .. 3 622Generali Lebensversicherung AG Italy Insurance .. 378COSMOS Lebensversicherungs-AG Italy Insurance .. 897ING BHF-Bank AG Netherlands Finance .. 2 095

Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, 2003

(Millions of United States Dollars and number)

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2003 (London, Reed Information Services Ltd., 2003); Classic Ratings Database, 2003 (New York, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003); Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com); Who Owns Whom, 2003 (London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd., 2003); Global Researcher - Worldscope Database (CD-Rom) June 2003; Wright Company Analysis (http://profiles.wisi.com/); various company websites.


C. Legal framework for FDI

I. National policy framework

Germany has an open and welcoming attitude towards FDI. The main features of the FDI regime

include, Entry and establishment. There are no authorisation or registration requirements for foreign

investors. The foreign economic law allows the imposition of restrictions on inward and outward FDI for reasons of foreign policy, foreign exchange or national security. In practice however such restrictions are seldom imposed.

Ownership and control. There is no discrimination against foreign acquisitions, ownership,

control or disposal of property or equity interests. Operational conditions. There are no performance requirements or nationality requirements on

directors or managers. Foreign investors are granted national treatment with respect to business operations.

Exchange controls. Transfer of funds for profit remittances, capital repatriation or other

investment related purposes are allowed without restriction. Incentives. Federal and state investment incentives are available to domestic and foreign

investors. Particular emphasis is placed on investment promotion in the new States with tax incentives, investment grants and credit programmes. Incentives programmes for all of Germany include tax incentives (depreciation allowance, capital reserve allowance), investment grants, (e.g. for research and development) and loans with below the market interest rates. (e.g. for small technology firms and environmental demonstration projects).

Source: based on,

The United States Commercial Service. Country Commercial Guide FY 2002, Internet (http://www.usatrade.gov/Website/CCG.nsf/CCGurl/CCG-GERMANY2002-CH-7:-002FD6C2).

The Economist Intelligence Unit. Country commerce Germany September 2001, Internet (http://db.eiu.com/report_full.asp?valname=ITBDE9&title=Country+Commerce+Germany).

Main legislations relating to FDI

Stock Corporation Act of 6 September 1965; effective 1 January 1966. Amendment: Act Concerning the Auditing of Balance Sheets of 19 December 1985 (implementing Directives No. 4, 7 and 8 of the European Communities); effective 1 January 1986. Commercial Code of 10 May 1897 as amended up to 16 December 1986. International Transactions Tax Reform (Amendment) Act of 1983 which amends Tax Reorganization (Amendment) Act 1986 which amends the Tax Reorganization Act of 12 November 1956. Income Tax Act of 27 February 1987; effective 1 May 1987.


Amendment: Income Tax (Amendment) Act of 22 December 1988; effective 1 January 1989. Foreign Tax Law of 1972. Corporate Tax Act of August 1976; effective 31 August 1976. Law concerning Copyright in Industrial Designs (Designs Law) of I I January 1876 as last amended by Law of 18 December 1986; effective: Sections 12, 12a, 15 and 16: 18 December 1986; remainder: I July 1988. Patent Act of 16 December 1980; effective 2 January 1981. Amendment: Patent (Amendment) Act of 9 December 1986; effective 1 January 1987, Patent (Amendment) Act 1998. Copyright and Related Rights Act of 9 September 1965; effective 1 January 1966. Amendment: Copyright and Related Rights (Amendment) Act of 18 December 1986; effective 1 April 1987; amendment of 1998. Order concerning the German Patent Office of 5 September 1968 as last amended by Order concerning the German Patent Office of 24 June 1988; effective 1 July 1988. Law on the Protection of Trademarks and Other Signs of 25 October 1994; effective: 1 January 1995. Trademark Regulations of 30 November 1994. Trade Mark (Amendment) Act of 8 December 1986, effective I January 1987; Amendment of 1999. Utility Model Act 5 May 1936. Utility Model (Amendment) Act of 28 August 1986, effective 1 January 1987; Utility Model (Amendment) of 1994. Order concerning Applications of Utility Models of 12 November 1986- effective 1 January 1987. Industrial Design and Model Law of 1876. Industrial Design and Model (Amendment) of 1994. Act on the Protection of the Topographics of Micro-electronic Semiconductor Products (Semiconductor Protection Law) of 22 October 1987; effective 1 November 1987 Law Reforming the Law of Merchants and Company Names and Amending other Provisions of the Commercial Code and Company Law of 22 June 1998, effective: 1 July 1998. Foreign Trade Act of 28 April 1961; effective 1 September 1961. Foreign Trade Regulation of 1 March 1972. Act Against Unfair Business Practices of 7 June 1909 as amended up to 22 October 1987; effective (last amendment) 1 November 1987.

Co-determination Act of 4 May 1976 which amends the Stock Corporation Act 1965. Limited Liability Company Act of 20 April 1892 as amended up to 15 May 1986, effective (last amendment) 15 August 1986. The Federal Investment Grants Act of 18 August 1969 as repromulgated in 1986 and amended in 1988.


Investment Promotion and Housing Construction Law of 1993. Law Concerning General Terms and Conditions - Consumer Protection Act of 9 December 1976.

Takeover Code of 1995. Act Against Restraints on Competition of 26 August 1998; effective: 1 January 1999. Law Against Unfair Competition, revised 2000.

II. International framework

1. Multilateral instruments

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 20 March 1883*, as amended and revised.

New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 10 June 1958.

Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States of 18 March 1965, signed on 27 January 1966, effective 18 May 1969.

ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, adopted on 16 November 1977.

The Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, adopted on 5 December 1980 by the General Assembly of the United Nations (resolution 35/63).

Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of 11 October 1985, signed on 24 July 1986, effective 4 December 1988.

Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995.

General Agreement on Trade in Services, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995.

Fourth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services of 15 February 1997. Fifth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services of 12 December 1997.

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995.

2. Regional instruments

Treaty Establishing the European Community (Treaty of Rome), adopted on 25 March 1957 and in force on 1 January 1958. It was subsequently amended by the Single European Act (singed on 17 and 28 February 1986) and by the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) (signed on 7 February 1992).

Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements, adopted by the Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on 12 December 1961. The Code was amended on several occasions.


Code of Liberalisation of Current Invisible Operations, adopted by the Council of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development on 12 December 1991. The Code has been amended on several occasions.

Declaration on International Investment and Multilateral Enterprises, adopted by the Council of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development on 21 June 1976. The Declaration and the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises attached to the Declaration were revised on several occasions (1979, 1984, 1991 and 2000).

Energy Charter Treaty of 17 December 1994; entered into force on 16 April 1998.

Agreement on the European Economic Area of 2 May 1992; entered into force on 1 January 1994.

3. Bilateral treaties

1. Bilateral investment treaty for the protection and promotion of investments with Pakistan,

25 November 1959; Malaysia, 22 December 1960; Greece, 27 March 1961; Togo, 16 May 1961; Morocco, 31 August 1961; Liberia, 12 December 1961; Thailand, 13 December 1961; Guinea, 19 April 1962; Turkey, 20 June 1962; Cameroon, 29 June 1962; Madagascar, 21 September 1962; Sudan, 07 February 1963; Sri Lanka, 08 November 1963; Tunisia, 20 December 1963; Senegal, 24 January 1964; Korea, Republic of, 04 February 1964; Ethiopia, 21 April 1964; Niger, 29 October 1964; Tanzania, United Republic of, 30 January 1965; Sierra Leone, 08 April 1965; Ecuador, 28 June 1965; Central African Republic, 23 August 1965; Congo, 13 September 1965; Iran, Islamic Republic of, 11 November 1965; Côte d'Ivoire, 27 October 1966; Uganda, 29 November 1966; Zambia, 10 December 1966; Chad, 11 April 1967; Rwanda, 18 May 1967; Indonesia; 08 November 1968; Congo, Democratic Republic of the, 18 March 1969; Gabon, 16 May 1969; Mauritius, 25 May 1971; Haiti, 14 August 1973; Singapore, 03 October 1973; Yemen, 21 June 1974; Egypt, 05 July 1974; Jordan, 15 July 1974; Malta, 17 September 1974; Israel, 24 June 1976; Mali, 28 June 1977; Syrian Arab Republic, 02 August 1977; Benin, 29 June 1978; Oman, 25 June 1979; Romania, 12 October 1979; Portugal, 16 September 1980; Papua New Guinea, 12 November 1980; Bangladesh, 06 May 1981; Somalia, 27 November 1981; Lesotho, 11 November 1982; Mauritania, 08 December 1982; China, 07 October 1983; Panama, 02 November 1983; Burundi, 10 September 1984; Dominica, 01 October 1984; Saint Lucia, 16 March 1985; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, 25 March 1986; Bulgaria, 12 April 1986; Hungary, 30 April 1986; Nepal, 20 October 1986; Bolivia, 23 March 1987; Uruguay, 4 May 1987; Russian Federation, 13 June 1989; Yugoslavia, Federal republic of, 10 July 1989; Poland, 10 November 1989; Guyana, 06 December 1989; Cape Verde, 18 January 1990; Swaziland, 05 April 1990; Czechoslovakia, 02 October 1990; Argentina, 09 April 1991; Mongolia, 26 June 1991; Chile, 21 October 1991; Albania, 31 October 1991; Lithuania, 28 February 1992; Kazakhstan, 22 September 1992; Jamaica, 24 September 1992; Estonia, 12 November 1992; Ukraine, 15 February 1993; Belarus, 02 April 1993; Viet Nam, 03 April 1993; Latvia, 20 April 1993; Uzbekistan, 28 April 1993; Georgia, 25 June 1993; Paraguay, 11 August 1993; Slovenia, 28 October 1993; Namibia, 21 January 1994; Moldova, Republic of, 28 February 1994; Kuwait, 30 March 1994; Costa Rica, 13 September 1994; Barbados, 02 December 1994; Peru, 30 January 1995; Ghana, 24 February 1995; Honduras, 21 March 1995; India, 10 July 1995; South Africa, 11 September 1995; Brazil, 21 September 1995; Zimbabwe; 29 September 1995; Armenia; 21 December 1995; Azerbaijan, 22 December 1995; Hong Kong, China, 31 January 1996; Algeria, 11 March 1996; Ecuador, 21 March 1996; Cuba, 30 April 1996; Kenya, 03 May 1996; Nicaragua, 06 May 1996; Venezuela, 14 May 1996; Qatar, 14 June 1996; Romania, 25 June 1996; Lao People's Democratic Republic, 09 August 1996; Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of,


10 September 1996; Burkina Faso, 22 October 1996; Saudi Arabia, 29 October 1996; Lebanon, 18 March 1997; Croatia, 21 March 1997; Philippines, 18 April 1997; United Arab Emirates, 21 June 1997; Kyrgyzstan, 28 August 1997; Turkmenistan, 28 August 1997; El Salvador, 11 December 1997; Brunei Darussalam, 30 March 1998; Mexico, 25 August 1998; Gabon, 15 September 1998; Antigua and Barbuda, 05 November 1998; Cambodia, 15 February 1999; Sri Lanka, 07 February 2000; Nigeria, 27 March 2000; Botswana, 23 May 2000; Palestine Authority, 10 July 2000.

2. Bilateral treaties for the avoidance of double taxation with Italy, 31 October 1925; United States, 22 July 1954; Austria, 04 October 1954; Pakistan, 07 August 1958; Luxembourg, 23 August 1958; Norway, 18 November 1958; India, 18 March 1959; Sweden, 17 April 1959; Netherlands, 16 June 1959; France, 21 July 1959, Egypt, 17 November 1959; Denmark, 30 January 1962; Israel, 09 July 1962; Ireland, 17 October 1962; United Kingdom, 26 November 1964; Greece, 18 April 1966; Japan, 22 April 1966; Spain, 05 December 1966; Belgium, 11 April 1967; Thailand, 10 July 1967; Iran, Islamic Republic of, 20 December 1968; Liberia, 25 November 1970; Iceland, 18 March 1971; Switzerland, 11 August 1971; Singapore, 19 February 1972; Morocco, 07 June 1972; Australia, 24 November 1972; Poland, 18 December 1972; South Africa, 25 January 1973; Trinidad and Tobago, 04 April 1973; Zambia, 13 May 1973; Luxembourg, 15 June 1973; Romania, 29 June 1973; Cyprus, 09 May 1974; Malta, 17 September 1974; Jamaica, 08 October 1974; Brazil, 27 June 1975; Tunisia, 23 December 1975; Korea, Republic of, 14 December 1976; Malaysia, 08 April 1977; Kenya, 17 May 1977; Hungary, 18 July 1977; Indonesia, 02 September 1977; Mauritius, 15 March 1978; Argentina, 13 July 1978; New Zealand, 20 October 1978; Switzerland, 30 November 1978; Japan, 17 April 1979; Côte d'Ivoire, 03 July 1979; Finland, 05 July 1979; Sri Lanka, 13 September 1979; Portugal, 15 July 1980; United States, 03 December 1980; Czech Republic, 19 December 1980; Slovakia, 19 December 1980; Canada, 17 July 1981; Russian Federation, 24 November 1981; Ecuador, 07 December 1982; Japan, 17 February 1983; Philippines, 22 July 1983; Turkey, 16 April 1985; China, 10 June 1985; Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of, 26 March 1987; Uruguay, 05 May 1987; Bulgaria, 02 June 1987; Venezuela, 23 November 1987; Kuwait, 04 December 1987; Egypt, 08 December 1987; Zimbabwe, 22 April 1988; United States, 29 August 1989; United States, 29 August 1989; Switzerland, 17 October 1989; Italy, 18 October 1989; Bangladesh, 29 May 1990; Indonesia, 30 October 1990; Norway, 04 October 1991; Austria, 08 July 1992; Sweden, 14 July 1992; Bolivia, 30 September 1992; Switzerland, 21 December 1992; Costa Rica, 25 January 1993; Mexico, 23 February 1993; Namibia, 02 December 1993; Pakistan, 14 July 1994; Mongolia, 22 August 1994; Venezuela, 08 February 1995; United Arab Emirates, 09 April 1995; India, 19 June 1995; Ukraine, 03 July 1995; Viet Nam, 16 November 1995; Denmark, 22 November 1995; Russian Federation, 29 May 1996; Estonia, 29 November 1996; Latvia, 21 February 1997; Lithuania, 22 July 1997; Kazakhstan, 26 November 1997; South Africa, 13 January 1998; United States, 14 December 1998 United States; 14 December 1998; Uzbekistan, 07 September 1999; Korea, Republic of, 10 March 2000; Greenland, 28 March 2000; Austria, 24 August 2000.


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