why you should read rfcs and internet drafts€¦ · why you should read rfcs and internet drafts...
TRANSCRIPT
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Why you should read RFCs and Internet Drafts
(and what you need to know to do so)
AusNOG 2015
Mark [email protected]
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So talking about documents and groups that publish them can be a bit dry.
Image courtesy of Gabriel Millos - https://flic.kr/p/4AR2qy
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So why should you read RFCs?
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But first, what are they?
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“Request For Comments” documents, published by the IETF.
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Or the
Internet Engineering Task Force
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“The Internet Engineering Task Force is a loosely self-organized group of people who
contribute to the engineering and evolution of Internet technologies.”
- RFC3160
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So people participate in the IETF, helping to produce RFCs.
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The first RFC was written on a typewriter in a bathroom in 1969 by Steve Crocker.
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There are now more than 7500 of them!
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You can access all of the RFCs at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfc.html
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So why should you read them?
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Reason
To find out how things are really supposed to work.
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Reason
Because books don't yet exist.
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Reason
To help improve them by making them clearer.
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Reason
To find related information.
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Reason
So you can better lodge bugs with vendors.
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Reason
To see what might be coming.
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Reason
To create future feature demand.
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Reason
Because they're readable!
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Reason
To have something to do on public transport.
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Reason
To be amused and entertained.
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So what do you need to know to read RFCs?
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RFCs aren't just protocol specifications.
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4 Common RFC types
Standards Track Experimental
Best Current PracticeInformational
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Standards Track RFCs
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Standards Track RFCs are protocol specifications on the way to becoming an
Internet Standard.
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There actually aren't many proper Internet Standards though, because the IETF believe in
“rough consensus and running code.”
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The IETF expect protocols to be shown to work before they become full Internet Standards.
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Of all 7500+ RFCs, only 80 are currently Internet Standards.
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Experimental RFCs
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Experimental RFCs are “published for examination, experimental implementation,
and evaluation.”
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In other words, the IETF think there is merit in them, but they're not completely confident of
their value.
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Standards Track RFCs are not allowed to depend on Experimental RFCs.
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Make sure you're well aware of limitations of Experimental RFCs and their implementations
if you're going to use them.
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Yes, that is 1:1 Stateless NAT for IPv6.
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The IETF don't think those limitations are all that acceptable (RFC2993), which is why that RFC is
Experimental.
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Experimental RFCs can also include the famous April Fools RFCs.
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CC Image courtesy of OliBac
http://www.flickr.com/photos/olibac/2415284302/sizes/l/in/photostream/
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Getting a bit thirsty?
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Courtesy of [cipher] - https://flic.kr/p/5UHweP
Here's a refreshing picture of a glass of water.
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Informational RFCs
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Informational RFCs provide information that the IETF consider to be useful, interesting or amusing to the networking community.
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This can include protocol specifications or device methods of operation that are not IETF
standards.
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Informational RFCs can also include the famous April Fools RFCs.
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Best Current Practice (BCP) RFCs
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BCP RFCs describe best current practices for the operation of the Internet and the IETF.
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So that is why I think you should read RFCs, and what you need
to know to do so.
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So why should you read Internet Drafts?
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But first, what are they?
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Internet Drafts (IDs) are the documents that may eventually become IETF RFCs.
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But they also may not become RFCs.
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In other words, IDs are usually work(s) in progress, and have no formal IETF status.
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So why should you read them?
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Reason
Because many of the reasons to read RFCs also apply to IDs.
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Reason
Discover future networking directions.
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Reason
To help make them better.
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Reason
For recognition.
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So what do you need to know to read IDs?
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They can be written and submitted to the IETF by anybody. (At all!)
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Or they may originate in an IETF Working Group.
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They automatically expire after 6 months.
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Publishing a new ID version revives or updates an ID, pushing out the six month
expiry date.
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Discovering IDs to read
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ID-Announce Mailing List
ID-Announce mailing list subscriptions and HTTP archives
https://www.ietf.org/list/announcement.html
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ID name format
draft-<author>-[<IETF WG>]-<ID-brief-id>-<version#>
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Need more water?
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Courtesy of Loz Pycock - https://flic.kr/p/4DtcXG
Here is much more!
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The primary place where IDs are discussed are IETF Working Groups (WGs).
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IETF Working Groups focus on specific problems and related technologies.
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6man WG – IPv6 Protocol Maintenance
v6ops WG – IPv6 Operations
lager WG – Label Generation Rules
drinks WG – Data for Reachability of Inter/Intra-Network SIP
and many others.
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Working Groups are managed by Working Group Chairs.
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The majority of discussion about IDs takes place on WG email lists.
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Active WGs are at the following link, which also provides email list subscription details:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/
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Discussion also happens at quarterly face-to-face IETF meetings.
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IETF47
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Working Groups are organised into IETF Areas.
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Area examples:
Applications Area (app)
Internet Area (int)
Operations and Management Area (ops)
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6man WG is under the Internet Area.
v6ops WG is under the Operations and Management Area.
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Areas are looked after by elected Area Directors.
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The group of Area Directors form the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG).
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Once a WG thinks an ID is ready to be published as an RFC, it goes to the IESG for
review and/or approval.
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If the IESG approve it, after some editorial steps, it becomes an RFC.
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New RFCs are announced on the IETF-Announce mailing list.
https://www.ietf.org/list/announcement.html
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Some recommended reading before you start reading RFCs and IDs.
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RFC1925 -
“The Twelve Networking Truths”
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RFC2119 -
“Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels”
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RFC3160 -
“The Tao of IETF - A Novice's Guide to the Internet Engineering Task Force”
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RFC3439 -
“Some Internet Architectural Guidelines and Philosophy”
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RFC5505 -
“Principles of Internet Host Configuration”
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RFC7282 -
“On Consensus and Humming in the IETF”
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A few other IETF related groups/entities you should know of.
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Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
An elected group who provide oversight to the IETF's activities, and think about the “big
picture”.
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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Manage the numbers of the Internet and its protocols:
Address Space Numbers (which they give to RIRs to give to us)
Port NumbersError and Status Codes
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RFC Editor
Administer the publishing of RFCs, and maintain the RFC archives.
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Other recommended reading
“Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet” by Katie Hafner
“Network Geeks: How They Built the Internet” by Brian E. Carpenter
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Even more refreshment for such a dry topic?
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Here's a flood.
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Courtesy of Tim Green - https://flic.kr/p/cWJF5L
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Questions?
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Thanks for listening!
CC image courtesy of Kiwithinghttp://www.flickr.com/photos/kiwisaotome/8261132558/size
s/c/in/photostream/