why was hitler able to dominate germany? - sot y11 · contained many socialist ideas; these are not...

The McAuley Catholic High School History Department

Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany? Modern World AFL and Revision

Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934?

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You need to Think about:

What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s?

Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930?

Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor by 1933?

How did Hitler consolidate his power in 1933-4?

You need to know about:

The early years of the Nazi Party;

Nazi ideas and methods;

the Munich Putsch;

The roles of Hitler and other Nazi leaders.

The impact of the Depression on Germany;

the political, economic and social crisis of 1930-33;

reasons for the Nazis’ rise to power; Hitler takes power,

The Reichstag Fire and the election of 1933.

Nazi rule in Germany:

the Enabling Act

the night of the Long Knives;

the death of Hindenburg


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Contents What did the Nazis stand for in the 1920s? ........................................................................................ 3

The Munich Putsch ................................................................................................................................. 5

Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930? ........................................................................... 9

Why did the Nazis have little success in the 1920s? ......................................................................... 10

Hitler’s Rise to Power ........................................................................................................................ 11

How did Hitler consolidate Power? .................................................................................................. 16

How far does this source explain type question… ................................................................................ 25

Why was this source published type question ................................................................................. 26

How useful type question ..................................................................................................................... 28

What is the message of the source type question ............................................................................... 30

Mark schemes ................................................................................................................................... 32

How far type questions ................................................................................................................. 32

Mark scheme for why was this source produced type question ...................................................... 34

Mark scheme for how useful type question: .................................................................................... 37

Question 5 or 6 (a) style questions: .................................................................................................. 40

Question 5 or 6 (B) style questions: .................................................................................................. 41

Question 5 or 6 (c ) question 5 or 6 (c ) style questions: .................................................................. 44


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What did the Nazis stand for in the 1920s?

In January 1919 three Germans formed a small party called the German workers party. Hitler joined the party in September 1919.

In 1920 he played a major part in writing the party’s 25 point programme, setting out its beliefs. It also contained many socialist ideas; these are not thought to be Hitler’s suggestions.

In April 1920 the DAP was renamed the National Socialist German Workers Party.

In 1921 Hitler becomes party leader and in the same year founded the Brownshirts (SA). The SA was a paramilitary organisation that paraded in full military uniform wearing the Nazi Swastika. Its main task was to protect Nazi meetings and disrupt those of opponents. The military style of the organisation attracted many unemployed soldiers and the stormtroopers soon developed a reputation for brutality against Nazi opponents.


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Task 1: match up

the categories to

the ideas.

Task 2:

Key issue What I have learned

What were the main

events in Hitler’s

early life?

What did the Nazi

party believe in the

early 1920s?

What was Hitler’s

role in the Nazi party

before 1923?


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The Munich Putsch

In 1923 Weimar Germany was in crisis. The invasion of the Ruhr and the hyperinflation which followed led Hitler to believe that the Republic was close to collapse. Hitler decided to seize power.

8th November Hitler and his supporters broke up a meeting at a Munich Beer Hall where leaders of the Bavarian government were speaking. He forced them to agree to take part in the putsch. They were then allowed to leave the meeting where they quickly changed their mind.

On 9th November 3000 Nazis led by Hitler and General Ludendorff, the first world war hero marched on Munich.

Hitler believed that the police and army would join his revolution. Instead the police opened fire on the Nazis and 16 were killed. Hitler and Ludendorff were arrested.

Hitler used his trial to make long speeches criticising the government and setting out his plans for Germany’s future. The publicity he received made him well known throughout Germany.

At the end of the trial Hitler was sentenced to only 5 years in prison and was released after 9 months. Ludendorff was found not guilty.

Hitler now realised that the best way to gain power would be through winning elections rather than putsches. During his time in prison he wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle). This book set out his main beliefs though few people thought he would ever get the chance to put them into practice.

From 1925 the Nazis started reorganizing the party. Germany was divided into 34 districts and an important member of the Nazi party was put in charge of increasing support in each area. The SS and the Hitler Youth was also set up.

By the end of 1926 the Nazi party had 50,000 members and in 1927 it held its first Nuremburg rally. It had become a nationally known party with a strong leader and effective propaganda. But despite this the party was not making gains nationally.


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Task 1: Use the information above to complete the flow chart below

summarising the main points of the Munich Putsch.

Why did Hitler try to seize power?

8th November

• a

9th November

• a

The results


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Task 2: Using previous learning complete the speech below for Hitler’s

defence at his trial in 1923.

Hitler’s defence

I admit that I tried to overthrow this government, but I did it with good reason.

The German people are suffering under its leadership. For example… (give

some examples of recent problems in Germany)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Not only are we suffering now, our leaders are those same men who accepted

the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. This has meant that… (mention how the

Treaty has affected Germany, and what Hitler and his supporters thought of

those people who signed it)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

German society under the Weimar government is corrupt and decadent. For

example… (give some examples of Weimar culture that Hitler disapproved of

and mention his beliefs about the role of the Jews)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

I believe that the kind of society we want is one where… (explain Hitler’s

beliefs about traditional values)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

As leader of Germany, I would… (think about Hitler’s 25 points)

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................


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..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

I do not believe that this court should find me guilty of treason because…

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Task 3: Was the Munich Putsch a disaster for the Nazi party?

Yes No


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Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930? Task 1: Read the sentences below and put the number of the sentences in the correct circle

Task 2: in the areas between the circle show how each factor is linked

1. Loans from America helped the economy to recover. 2. The public were voting for more moderate parties. 3. The theatre put on plays that criticised the German way of life, paintings

commented on society and were accessible to the general public, literature had a social message and music also reflected modern issues.

4. There was conflict within the SPD as to whether to adopt socialist policies to benefit the working class or to follow more moderate policies and push for slower change. A compromise was made and the SPD usually helped keep a government in office.

5. The period saw a gradual rise in the standard of living of the German people.

6. People had more freedom than under the Kaiser. 7. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) consistently attracted between 20 and

30% of the vote.

Task 3: Rank the factors in order of importance then complete the PEEL chart

Political

EconomicSocial


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Why did the Nazis have little success in the 1920s?

Task 4: Using the information from the previous page complete the point evidence explain and link table below.

Point Evidence Explain Link (link the factor to the other factors or back to the question)


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Hitler’s Rise to Power

In 1929 the Wall Street Crash in America caused a worldwide

depression. Unemployment in Germany rose from under 2 million to

over 6 million between 1930 and 1932. Many Germans turned to

extreme political parties such as the Communists and the Nazis who

claimed they could solve Germany’s problems. Both parties wanted to

end democracy.

The German people were deeply divided and the government seemed

unable to do anything about Germany’s economic problems. These

conditions gave Hitler his chance to gain power. By a combination of

legal methods, violence and propaganda which often played on people’s

fears. He became Chancellor in 1933, but he did not gain a majority of

votes in free elections.

In 1928 the Nazis had 28 seats in the Reichstag. BY 1932 they had 230 seats. The communists increased from 54 to 100 seats. Extremist parties were gaining ground.

People supported Hitler because they feared communism. They believed his promises that he would be a strong leader who would make Germany great again.

The government and the democratic parties could not agree on how to deal with Germany’s problems. There were four elections between 1930 and 1932.

Many people lost faith in democracy - politicians seemed only interested in squabbling amongst themselves rather than tackling the economic crisis.

Nazi propaganda was very effective. It blamed the communists and Jews for Germany’s problems and presented Hitler as the strong leader Germany needed.

Nazi stormtroopers were used to attack the meetings of opposition parties during election campaigns. Violence and the murder of opponents were deliberate tactics.


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The Nazis had control of the police in Prussia, Germany’s largest state. Opponents were arrested on false charges and the police ignored the violence of the SA.

Hitler had the support of big business; they thought he would prevent Germany becoming communist. They provided the money Hitler needed to fight elections.

Hitler was a popular and charismatic public speaker. He attracted a lot of support from the middle class, women and young people. He would tell any lie to gain votes.

No party could govern Germany without Nazi support. Hitler’s price was that he should be made Chancellor. In January 1933 the President agreed to his demands.

Task 1: Read the information above and use it to complete the table

below:

Key Issues What Have I learned

Describe the effects of

the Great Depression

in Germany.

Why did many

Germans begin to

support extremist

political parties?

What methods did the

Nazis use to gain

support in the

elections of 1930-33?

Give examples of the

propaganda messages

put out by the Nazis

1930-33.


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Why did many

businessmen provide

financial support for

the Nazis?

Explain how Hitler

became Chancellor of

Germany in 1933?

Task 2: Next to each sentence below write one of the following factors:

D = Depression

W = Hatred of Weimar

C = Fear of Communism

P = Nazi propaganda

1. The Nazis used the press and radio well. Hitler travelled around by plane.

2. The Weimar government made matters worse. It tried to save money by cutting welfare payments.

3. American banks forced German businesses to repay the money they had loaned to them in the 1920s.

4. There was huge unemployment, by late 1932 it stood at six million.

5. Demand for farm goods collapsed and farmers lost their farms.

6. Some German banks collapsed and some middle class Germans lost their savings.

7. Churchgoers were frightened of communism because they did not believe in Religion.

8. Ever since the Russian Revolution many ordinary Germans had been frightened of a communist revolution.


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9. Nazi propaganda was effective.

10.Businesses became bankrupt.

11.Hitler was a very effective public speaker.

12.Communists believed in controlling the land, this scared farmers and landowners.

13.Some unemployed people had no money at all, they were forced to live in shanty towns and beg for food.

14.Coalition governments did not last long and democracy was seen as weak.

15.In the early 1930s the Communists were getting stronger. Communist gangs called the Red Fighting League attacked the meetings of other groups. The only group that seemed able to deal with them were the brownshirts of the Nazi party.

16.Hitler was portrayed as a strong leader.

17.The Weimar politicians seemed to spend more time arguing with each other than trying to help ordinary people.

18.Weimar politicians were criticised by the Nazis for signing the Treaty of Versailles.

19.Germans wanted order and strong government. Nazi meetings were huge and well organised. The SA and SS looked smart.


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Task 3: Why did Hitler become chancellor in 1933? Place the factors in order of importance. The factors are Fear of Communism, Nazi Propaganda, Depression and Hatred of Weimar.

Explain your choices:


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How did Hitler consolidate Power?

In January 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany. It was expected that he

would not be chancellor for long. This was because:

He had limited power – he needed the support of Hindenburg who disliked Hitler

there were only two Nazis in the Cabinet

Conservatives believed they could control Hitler

‘In two months we’ll have pushed Hitler into a corner so hard that he’ll be squealing’ – Von Papen

However Hitler did have some advantages:

Leader of the largest party

Conservatives needed him more than he needed them – the alternative would be civil war

He now had access to state resources – e.g. Goebbels could now use the state printing press for propaganda.

By August 1934 Hitler had become fuhrer of Germany. It is important that you

know how he achieved this.

The Election of March 1933

Hitler had become chancellor but did not have full power. He was in charge of

a coalition government in which only three of the twelve in the cabinet were

Nazis. As soon as he became a chancellor he called for another election so that

he could win enough seats to govern on his own.

An election was called for March 1933. Hitler used his advantage as chancellor

by banning communist election meetings and shutting down communist

newspapers.

The Reichstag Fire

During the election campaign there was a fire at the parliament. A Dutch

communist, Marinus Van der Lubbe was caught in the building with matches

Revision Phrase: FENDO Fire, Enabling act, Night of the long knives and Oath


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and firelighters. He confessed to starting the fire and was put on trial and

executed.

Hitler used what had happened to claim that

the communists were trying to seize power by

violent revolution and they had to be

stopped. He had 4000 leading communists

arrested and persuaded President Hindenburg

to sign a ‘Decree for the Protection of People

and the state’. Hitler used these emergency

powers to prevent his opponents from

holding public meetings.

In the election results the Nazis increased

their number of deputies to 288 out of 647.

This was not the 50% he needed but two things gave him a majority in the

Reichstag. Firstly he banned the 81 communist deputies from taking their

seats and secondly he won the support of the Centre Party by saying he would

not pass any measures that would harm the Catholic Church.

The Enabling Act

Hitler was not a supporter of parliamentary democracy; he wanted to make

changes to the German constitution to give him more power. He needed a

two thirds majority in the Reichstag to make such changes. His banning of the

communist party and the support from the Centre party gave him this

majority.

On 23rd March 1933 the Reichstag met to discuss the passing of the enabling

law. This would give Hitler the power to make laws without the Reichstag for a

period of four years. To make sure Hitler got the majority he needed he

surrounded the building with storm troopers to intimidate the voters. The

Reichstag passed the law by 441 votes to 84. The Reichstag met only 12 times

between 1933 and 193.


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Task One: Complete the table below

Key Point What Have I learned

Why was Hitler’s

position as chancellor

weak in January

1933?

Why was the

Reichstag fire of

February 1933 useful

to Hitler?

How did the Nazis get

a majority in the

Reichstag?

The Night of the Long Knives

Hitler was not just worried with opposition from outside the Nazi party he was also worried about opposition within. The Stormtroopers (SA) had been loyal supporters of the Nazis since they were created in 1921. Once Hitler came to power they became a problem.

The SA expected to be given well paid jobs as a reward for their loyalty. Their leaders also wanted Hitler to merge the SA with the German army. The force would be put under the control of the SA leader, Ernst Rohm.

The army did not want to be run by Rohm and would turn against Hitler if Rohm was made leader of the army. Rohm had also been criticising Hitler for his closer relationship with businesses.

On the night of the 30th June 1934 Hitler ordered his elite bodyguard the SS to arrest and execute the leaders of the SA. Hitler had made up a file which accused Rohm of plotting to overthrow him. Hitler also took the opportunity to settle a few old scores, he had Von Schleicher his predecessor put to death.


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As a result of the Night of the Long Knives Hitler had eliminated opposition from his party and had the loyalty of the army who now swore an oath of loyalty.

A few weeks later Hindenburg died. Hitler decided that the country no longer needed a president and merged chancellor and president into a new title Fuhrer.

Task Two: Complete the summary chart below for the Night of the Long

Knives.


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Task Three: Read the play below then complete the summary diagram.

From Chancellor to Fuhrer

Characters:

Hindenburg – President of Germany

Von Papen – former chancellor

Hans

Ethel

Karl

Frederick

Adolf Hitler

Scene 1: President Hindenburg is in his office with his adviser Von Papen.

The latest chancellor of Germany Von Schleicher has been forced to resign after only a month

Germany is in deep economic crisis.

Hindenburg: We need stability! All these different chancellors and none have been able to solve the

problem of unemployment. I’ve even used article 48 to try and sort things out. The last chancellor

Schleicher only lasted a month … If we’re not careful there will be a communist revolution like there

was in Russia.

Von Papen: President, I have a cunning plan. Hitler has more seats than any other party and he is

desperate for power. In the last election his support had started to go down. I am sure if we offered

him the chancellorship we could control him.

Hindenburg: You know I can’t stand the man! Why should I offer him the chancellorship?

Von Papen: He is seen as the strongest opponent of the communists, he has the most seats in the

Reichstag and is popular with industrialists, farmers and the middle classes so we can have a more

united and popular government. I will also sit in his cabinet. He is inexperienced and will not be able

to cope with power he also needs our support to stay in power. We shall control him.

Hindenburg: Excellent!!!


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Narrator: Hindenburg offers Hitler the chancellorship. Hitler accepts. Hitler then decides to call an

election for March 1933. If Hitler can get more support he will then be in a stronger position. He

tells voters that he is a strong leader and will make Germany great again. He also tells them that he

will protect them from communism. Then in February 1933 the Reichstag burns down.

Scene 2: election Day 5th March 1933. Outside an election station a wealthy

couple Hans and Ethel Gunter discuss who they voted for.

Hans: Right dear have you voted?

Ethel: Yes, I voted for that nice Mr Hitler, he is our saviour.

Hans: Nice one Ethel, I’ve voted for him too. He is the only one that can sort out this mess. Since

becoming chancellor he has shown that he is the only one who has any strength as a leader and will

stand up to the blumming communists.

Ethel: I agree, especially after that Van Lubbe set fire to the Reichstag. They were ready for power I

reckon. If it wasn’t for Adolf standing up to them. As soon as it happened he got special emergency

powers from the president. Communists were arrested, meetings broken up. Adolf showed them

who was boss.

Hans: You’re right love, 4000 communists and other dangers arrested on the night of the fire. I just

hope Hitler wins …

Narrator: The election gave the Nazis their largest ever share of the vote. They got 288 seats the

next largest the Social Democrats received 120 seats. However Hitler now wanted to make sure his

government had more strength and get rid of all opponents.

Scene 3: The Reichstag meet to vote on the enabling bill. Two politicians,

Karl and Frederick discuss the bill in a beer hall.

Karl: You know Frederick this is the end of democracy. The Weimar constitution is dead.

Frederick: You’re right Karl, with this bill Hitler can do what he wants. He won’t need permission

from the Reichstag anymore to make laws.

Karl: He needs three quarters of the vote to get the law passed. Do you think he will get it?

Frederick: Easily, he’s made a deal with the Catholic centre party- they will cooperate with him and

in return they still have control of the Catholic schools. The only opposition is the SPD and most of

their leaders have fled the country.

Karl: So we’re just hoping that other politicians will vote against this law.


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Frederick: They won’t though. The whole building was surrounded by those Nazi thugs the

brownshirts. Everyone knows that they love a fight and they won’t be afraid to attack a few

politicians if their boss hasn’t got his way.

Karl: So that’s it then. The Enabling law will be passed and Hitler can do what he wants. Goodbye

democracy Hello dictatorship. I need a beer…

Narrator: Hitler gets his way. The Reichstag vote in favour of the enabling bill. For the next four

years Hitler could pass any law that he wanted. Hitler used this power to get rid of his opponents.

Within a year all opponents or potential opponents had either left Germany or had been thrown into

concentration camps.

Scene 4: Adolf Hitler is sat in his office. Reading some papers and talking to

himself.

Hitler: In the last year I have managed to get rid of most of my opponents but I still need to

strengthen my position. The army still distrust me – they may turn against me. Especially if they

think that Rohm and the SA are going to take control of the army. Although Rohm helped me to get

to power he’s been talking of controlling the army. He’s also been criticising me for making deals

with industry. If I act decisively I can get rid of Rohm who’s getting too big for his boots and make

the army loyal to me.

Excellent…

Narrator: On the 29th – 30th June 1934 Hitler carries out the Night of the Long knives. Hitler

announced that Rohm and others had been in a plot to kill Hitler. Over the weekend Rohm and 400

others were executed. President Hindenburg thanked Hitler for his determined action. The army

were also grateful. Hindenburg then died and by August 1934 Hitler had become supreme leader of

Germany. The army agreed to stay out of politics and to serve Hitler. Hitler was now in complete

control.


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Fire (Reichstag)

Enabling Act

Night of the Long Knives

Death of Hindenburg

Oath of Allegiance

What Happened

How it helped Hitler

Strengthen his

position


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Paper 1: Assessment for Learning

In paper 1 the first section that you will answer is about International Relations. For Germany you

will answer Question 4 which is compulsory and either question 5 or 6.

Question 4 is made up of three sources and three questions. The three questions will be similar to

the three below.

a) How far does this source explain… (7)

b) Why was this cartoon published … (7)

c) Are you surprised by this source … (6)

Once you have answered question 4 you choose either question 5 or 6. Question 5 or 6 are made

up of three questions

a) Description question worth 4 marks

b) Explain question worth 6 marks

c) A ‘How Far…’ question worth 10 marks


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Question 4:

How far does this source explain type question…

1) How far does this source suggest that the Munich Putsch was a disaster for

Hitler and the Nazi party? Use the source and your knowledge to explain your

answer. (7) 2008

Source a: When I resume active work, it will be necessary to pursue a new policy. Instead of working

to achieve power by revolution we shall have to win election to the Reichstag against the Catholics

and Communists. If out-voting them takes longer than out shooting them, at least the results will be

guaranteed by their own constitution. Any lawful process is slow. Sooner or later we shall have a

majority and after that we shall have Germany.

Hitler writing whilst in prison in 1923.


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Why was this source published type question

An election poster produced by the Social

Democrats in 1932 entitled. ‘The worker in

the empire of the swastika’. It suggests what

life might be like for workers under the

Nazis.

2) Why was this poster published in

Germany in 1932? Use the source

and your knowledge to explain your

answer. (7) (2008)


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A poster published in Germany in 1932.

The text in the poster says, ‘The meaning

of the Hitler salute. Millions stand behind

me. A small man asking for a big donation’

3) Why was this poster

published in 1932? Use the

source and your knowledge to

explain your answer. (7) (June

2010)


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How useful type question

4) How useful is this source to an historian studying Hitler’s rise to power? Use the source and your

own knowledge to explain your answer. (6) (2008)


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5) How useful is this source evidence of the cause of the Reichstag fire? Use

the source and your knowledge to explain your answer. (6) June 2010

‘This act of arson is the most outrageous act yet committed by

Communism in Germany. The burning of the Reichstag was to

have been a signal for bloody uprising and civil war’ A statement

issued by Hitler the day after the Reichstag Fire, February 1933


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What is the message of the source type question

6) What is the message of this cartoon. Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.

(7) (June 2010)


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Mark schemes

How far type questions

1) How far does this source suggest that the Munich Putsch was a disaster for Hitler and the Nazi party? Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.

Target: AO1 and AO2 Level 1 Undeveloped comments about the source 1 mark ‘One source cannot prove anything.’ Level 2 Identifies from source / own knowledge if it was OR was not

a disaster 2-3 e.g. ‘It was a disaster because Hitler was in prison.’ ‘It was a disaster because Hitler had failed.’ ‘It was not a disaster as he was to resume active work.’ Level 3 Contextual knowledge used to explain if the source suggests it was a disaster OR not a disaster 4-5 e.g. ‘The source does suggest in a way it was a disaster. The Munich

Putsch was not successful and Hitler and some Nazis were put in prison. This meant he was unable to fulfil his ambition to take control of Germany. This looked like the end for the Nazi Party as they became disorganised and even in 1928 they secured few seats.’

OR ‘It was not a disaster as it gave Hitler and the Nazis the opportunity to re-

evaluate their policies and to follow peaceful means. He feels they can still be successful but he needed to avoid violence and achieve prominence via the ballot box. Hitler turned his trial to his advantage and made stirring speeches that got a lot of publicity. He became a national hero and had his sentence reduced. The normal sentence for treason was death.’

Level 4 Contextual knowledge to explain if the source suggests it was, AND was not, a disaster 6-7 Both sides of Level 3.


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Mark scheme for why was this source produced type question

2)


35


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Question 3:


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Mark scheme for how useful type question:

4) Study Source E. How useful is this source to an historian studying Hitler’s rise to power? Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer.

Level 1 General answers 1 e.g. ‘One source by itself is of no use.’ ‘It is very useful as it tells you about his rise to power.’ Level 2 Assertions that public speaking helped Hitler 2 e.g. ‘It is useful as Hitler used public speaking to get over his message.’ Level 3 Uses contextual knowledge to explain limitations of source OR Uses contextual knowledge to explain value of source in Hitler’s rise 3-4 e.g. ‘This source is not very useful as it only shows Hitler speaking. It does not tell you about

how Hitler came to power in the first place. By 1932 he had continued to make gains and become more important. It does not explain how Hitler became chancellor as the source is dated 1932. Germany was in depression and Hitler promised jobs and food and this gained support. He also promised to get rid of the hated Treaty of Versailles and this also gained him support.

OR ‘This source is useful as it shows how Hitler put across his ideas to the German people using

his powers of oratory which helped to increase his support. Stirring mass rallies using music lighting and banners were used as a backdrop to Hitler’s speech making skills. During the 1932 presidential campaign Goebbels chartered planes to fly Hitler all over Germany in order to speak at four or five rallies a day and this was one.

Level 4 Both sides of Level 3 5-6


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5)


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Mark scheme for what is the message of the source type question:

Question 6:


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Question 5 or 6 (a) style questions:

1) (a) Describe Hitler‟s role in the Nazis before 1923 [4] (January 2010)

2) a) Describe what happened during, and immediately after, the Reichstag Fire in

1933. (4) (2007)

3) Describe the main events of the Munich Putsch. [4] (2009)


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4) How did the Enabling Act benefit Hitler? [4]

Question 5 or 6 (B) style questions: 1) Explain why Hitler attempted the Munich Putsch. [6] (January 2010)

2) Explain how Hitler was able to turn the failure of the Munich Putsch to his advantage. [6]

(2009)


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3) Explain how the events of 1930–1933 resulted in Hitler becoming Chancellor. [6] (2005)


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4) Explain why Hitler carried out the Night of the Long Knives (1934). (6) (2007)

5) Explain why Hitler considered Röhm and the SA a threat. [6] (2009)


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Question 5 or 6 (c ) question 5 or 6 (c ) style questions:

(c) The Munich Putsch of 1923 was a disaster for Hitler and the Nazi party. How far do you

agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [10] (Jan 2010)


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c) 'Popular support for Hitler was the most important reason why he became

Chancellor in 1933.' How far do you agree with this view? Explain your answer. (10)

(2007)


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(c) The following were equally important reasons why Hitler became Chancellor in January 1933: (i) the Great Depression; (ii) Nazi propaganda; (iii) the actions of von Papen and Hindenburg. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer referring only to (i), (ii) and (iii). [10] (2010)


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(c) „The most important reason why Hitler was able to strengthen his control over Germany

during 1933 and 1934 was the “Night of the Long Knives”.‟ Do you agree with this

statement? Explain your answer. (10) (2005)


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Question 5 or 6a: Describe: (4 Marks) E.g. 1) (a) Describe Hitler‟s role in the Nazis before 1923

[4] (Jan 2010)

Type of question?

This is a fairly standard description question.

What do I need to do? The aim of the question is to get you to describe 3 or 4 relevant points to answer the

question or two points backed up with examples.

Hot Tip:

Do: You should aim to spend no more than 4 minutes on this question. Get straight

to the point and list 3 or 4 points OR explain two points.

Don’t: go into too much detail!

Ideas for your answer

Option 1: 4 Points

e.g. ‘In 1920 Hitler was put in charge of propaganda.’ ‘He bought The Munich observer and changed the name of the Party to National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis).’ ‘In 1921 he challenged Drexler and took over the Party.’ ‘His aim was to overthrow the Weimar Republic.’ ‘He chose the swastika and colours.’ ‘He drew up a 25-point programme showing the aims of the party.’ ‘He established the SA with many Freikorps.’

Option 2: 2 Points explained.

‘In 1921 he set about converting the Party into a mass movement and by 1922 had 3000 members.’

Pupil Mark Scheme One mark for each point

Extra mark for each point that is supported with an example.


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Question 5 or 6 b Explain: (6 Marks) E.g. Explain why Hitler attempted the Munich Putsch. [6]

(January 2010)

Type of question?

This is a fairly standard explanation question.

What do I need to do? The aim of the question is to get you to explain 2 or 3 relevant points backed up

with examples.

Hot Tip:

Do: You should aim to spend no more than 6 minutes on this question. It’s marked

in similar way to previous question but you are expected to explain each point.

Don’t: Just list the reasons, explain them!

Ideas for your answer

This answer is perfect for PEE or PEEL

Point – ‘There was discontent in Germany due to the effects of hyperinflation.

Examples – Many nationalists still hated the Treaty and were furious when

Stresemann called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr and resumed paying reparations. Explain – With this in mind Hitler thought it was the right time to seize power.’

Do these two or three times for full marks.

Hitler wanted to destroy the Weimar. He believed it was an opportune time to

topple

the Weimar government. The government was pre-occupied with the economic crisis and hyper-inflation ‘Hitler wanted to secure power and through his close relationship with Ludendorff believed that Ludendorff would be able to persuade the German army to desert the government and side with the Nazis.’ ‘The Bavarian government was right-wing. Its leaders had been plotting against the government. Hitler felt sure they would support a putsch.’

Pupil Mark Scheme Level 1 = Lists un connected point. (1 marks)

Level 2 = Describes several relevant points. (2 – 3 Marks)

Level 3 = One explained reason 3-4 marks; two or more explained reasons marks. (4 – 6 Marks) Basically two marks for each explained reason


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Section B: Type 4: Extended answer: ‘(c) The Munich Putsch of 1923 was a disaster for Hitler

and the Nazi party. How far do you agree with the statement? Explain your answer. [10]

(Jan 2010)

Type of

question?

This is an extended answer type question.

What do I need

to do?

The aim of this question is to get you to use your knowledge to explain the arguments for

and against the statement into 3 or 4 short paragraphs.

Hot Tip: Do: Spend about 15 minutes answering this question. Start each paragraph clearly. Write

two paragraphs, one for each side of the argument, in the main body of your answer. Use

PEEL to ensure that the examples and explanations that you give are linked to the question

and ensure that you directly answer the question.

Ideas for your

answer

Introduction: Set the question into context and outline how you are going to address it.

E.g. In 1923 Hitler made an attempt to seize control of Germany through an armed putsch

in Munich. The putsch can be seen to be a disaster for Hitler and the Nazi party as it failed

and he was arrested however it also provided the opportunity for publicity and reorganising

the party and its strategy.

Agreement paragraph: On the one hand, it could be argued that the Munich Putsch was a

disaster (Point – Example – Explain – Link) .

Disagreement paragraph: On the other hand, it could be argued that it was not a disaster

(Point – Example – Explain – Link)

Conclusion: Overall

Possible points to include:

‘The Munich Putsch was a disaster as it failed and Hitler and others received a prison sentence. This meant that at that time he was unable to fulfil his ambition to take control of Germany.’ ‘Hitler had miscalculated the mood of the country and people did not rise up and support him.’ ‘A ban was placed on the Nazi Party preventing it having a public voice (lifted in 1925).’ OR ‘It was not a disaster as it gave Hitler and the Nazis the opportunity to re-evaluate policy and to implement it using peaceful means and gaining power through the ballot box.’ ‘At his trial Hitler took the opportunity to make stirring speeches that got a lot of publicity. He had his sentence reduced. But was able to write the first part of Mein Kampf to outline his views and Nazi policy.’

Pupil Mark

Scheme

• Level 1 = General comments or points without any supporting (1-2 marks) • Level 2 = Describes several points backed up with examples for OR against the

statement. (3-4 marks)


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• Level 3 = Explains several points backed up with examples for OR against the statement. . (5-6 marks)

• Level 4 = Explains factors both for and against the statement. (7 - 9 marks) • Level 5 = As for level 4 but evaluates how far and reaches an overall judgement in the

form of a conclusion. (10 Marks)

why was hitler able to dominate germany? - sot y11 · contained many socialist ideas; these are not...

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