Dr. William Shaw Lima, Peru 14-15 de mayo, 2005

Why use The Great Plains Laboratory?

The Great Plains Laboratory has performed more than 100,000 tests of persons on the autistic spectrum throughout the world.

Free consultation with testing by phone/Skype 2 autistic children of Great Plains employees have

completely recovered using suggestions of Great Plains

Licensed by the USA government Performs external proficiency testing for all

substances for which it does testing, including many of which are voluntary

Great customer service by highly experienced staff.

William Shaw PhD

How to obtain test kits • Contact The Great Plains Laboratory by

phone, fax, or email• Phone 1 913 341-8949• Fax 1 913 341-6207• Email: gpl4u@aol.com• Videos on how to prepare the test samples on

the website at www.greatplainslaboratory.com

William Shaw PhD

Test kits• Contain all necessary containers to transport samples• Contains information to ship by FEDEX• Contains all necessary information to ship samples• Contains payment information, MasterCard, Visa, or electronic bank transfer

William Shaw PhD

ORGANIC ACID TEST-Great Plains72 Compounds and ratios

- Yeast/Fungal Metabolites-no

- Bacterial Metabolites-no

- B-vitamin Deficiencies-no

- Antioxidant Deficiencies-no

- Inborn Errors of Metabolism

- High Oxalate Levels-no

-

- Neurotransmitter metabolism-no- Indications of diabetic conditions- Citric acid (Krebs) cycle metabolites- Fatty acid abnormalities- Clostridia overgrowth-no- Glycolysis metabolites- Amino Acid metabolites- Pyrimidines-no-72 compounds total

William Shaw PhD

Specific autism markers present on The Great Plains Laboratory Organic Acid Test

-

William Shaw PhD

Normal intestine

=bad bacteria

Intestine

Y = yeast* = yeast product

Blood vessel

Rest of body

Kidney

Urinecup

Y * B

Y

*

*

*

*

*

BBBB

BB BB B

BBB

B B

BBBB BBB B

B

BB BB

B = good bacteria

William Shaw PhD

Y Y YY

YY

*YYY

* *********

***

**

****

*******

*******

**

************** ********

***

*****

** * * ****

** B*

**

*

***

***

* B**

***

*****

*****

********

****

****

****

***********

**********

** ** ** * *

* *

After antibiotics

=bad bacteria

Intestine

Y = yeast* = yeast product

Blood vessel

Rest of body

Kidney

Urinecup

B = good bacteria

William Shaw PhD

Nutritional Neuroscience 2010 Vol 13 No 3: 1-10

William Shaw PhD

HPHPA

Shaw, W Increased Urinary Excretion of Analogs of Krebs Cycle Metabolites and Arabinose in Two Brothers with Autistic Features.

Clin Chem 41:1094-1104, 1995

William Shaw PhD

• C. difficile-pseudomenbranous colitis

• C. sporogenes• C. botulinum-food

poisoning

• C. mangenoti• C. ghoni• C. bifermentans• C. caloritolerans

Clostridia species that produce HPHPA precursors Arch Microbiol 1976; 107:283–288

William Shaw PhD

Two months of nystatin and Lactobacillus acidophilus GG therapy in a child with autism

Candida krusei stool

Yeast tartaric urine*

Lacto-bacillus stool

Clostridia HPHPA urine*

Before

4+

993

0

3265

After

0

1

4+

174

normal range

0-1+

0-15

3+ - 4+

0-150 mmol/mol creatinine

William Shaw PhD

CH2CHCOOH

NH2

CH2CHCOOH

NH2

HO

tyrosine

CH2CHCOOH

NH2

HO

DOPA HO

Dopamine Norepinephrine

phenylalanine

phenylalanine hydroxylase

tyrosine hydroxylase

CH2CH2NH2 HO

HO Dopamine beta-hydroxylase

DOPA decarboxylase

CHCH2NH2 HO

HO

OH

X

CH2CH2NH2

HO

HO

Clostridia dopamine analog

HVA

VMA

3-hydroxyphenylalanine

Clostridia DOPA analog

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

HVA/VMA= 5:1

DopamineNorepi, Epi

Altered dopamine/norepinephrine ratio with Clostridia excess

Dopamine/ Norepi, Epi

William Shaw PhD

HVA/VMA= 2.58 (Excess dopamine)

Before treatment (depression)

William Shaw PhD

After treatment

HVA/VMA= 1.38

William Shaw PhD

J Child Neurol 2000 Jul;15(7):429-35 Short-term benefit from oral vancomycin treatment of regressive-onset autism. Sandler RH, Finegold SM, Bolte ER, Buchanan CP, Maxwell AP, Vaisanen ML, Nelson,MN, Wexler HM

•11 children with regressive-onset autism were recruited for an intervention trial using vancomycin. •A clinical psychologist blinded to treatment status..noted

improvement in 8 of 10 children studied. •“…these results indicate that a possible gut flora-brain connection warrants further investigation”

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

Staghorn oxalate crystal in kidney

William Shaw PhD

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

oxal

ate

mm

ol/m

ol c

reat

inin

e

AutisticSpectrumN=100

NormalChildrenN=16

p <10-16

t-test

Comparison of urine oxalate in autistic spectrum and normal children

William Shaw PhD

• Children exposed to pesticides called organophosphates used to kill insects had more than twice the risk of developing pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)

• For organochlorines, there was 7X autism rate• Mothers exposed to such pesticides were also likely to

have shorter pregnancies and their children to have impaired reflexes

Maternal Residence Near Agricultural Pesticide Applications and Autism Spectrum Disorders among

Children in the California Central Valley Eric M. Roberts, et al. Environ Health Perspect.

115(10): 1482–1489, 2007

William Shaw PhD

I. Hertz-Picciotto, et al Public Health Sciences and the M.I.N.D. Institute, University of California at Davis, International Meeting for Autism Research (IMFAR) Household Pesticide Use in Relation to Autism, May 2008

• Mothers exposed to pet shampoos (almost all pyrethrins) were twice as likely to have a child with autism.

• The worst exposure time was the second trimester.

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

R Cade et al. Autism and schizophrenia: Intestinal disorders. Nutritional Neuroscience 3: 57-72,2000 Depts. of Medicine, Physiology, Psychology, and Psychiatry, University of Florida, USA• Abnormal peptides in both patients with autism and

schizophrenia• High titers of IgG antibodies to gliadin (wheat) found

in 87% of patients with autism and 86% of patients with schizophrenia

• High titers of IgG antibodies to bovine casein found in 90% of patients with autism and 93% of patients with schizophrenia

• A gluten and casein free diet caused significant improvement in 81% of patients with autism within 3 months

William Shaw PhD

• Efficacy of a cow's milk free diet (or other foods which gave a positive result after a skin test) in 36 autistic patients.

• Marked improvement in the behavioral symptoms of patients after a period of 8 weeks on an elimination diet

• High levels of IgA antigen specific antibodies for casein, lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin

• High IgG and IgM for casein

Lucarelli S, Panminerva Med 1995 Sep;37(3):137-41 Food allergy and infantile autism.

William Shaw PhD

0

50

100

150

200

250

IgG

cas

ein

mg/

L

normal autism

Great Plains data

William Shaw PhD

IgG Comprehensive Food Allergy Test - Autism

William Shaw PhD

• Blood draw • Fingerstick done home

• Blood draw only

IgG antibody test

IgE antibody test

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

William Shaw PhD

Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile

William Shaw PhD

Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile

William Shaw PhD

Great Plains Immune Deficiency Profile

William Shaw PhD

Immune deficiencies in autism• IgA deficiency• Total IgG deficiency• IgG subclass deficiency• Complement C4b deficiency• Myeloperoxidase deficiency

• Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID)• Normal antibody concentrations but lack of specific antibodies, even though multiple vaccines given

William Shaw PhD

Abnormally elevated IgE in child with autism and severe self abuse

Test child Reference rangeIgG 845 639-1349 mg/dLIgA 157 70-312 mg/dLIgM 81 56-352 mg/dLIgE 1295 10-180 IU/ml

Repeat IgE 1730 10-180 IU/ml

William Shaw PhD

Autism and seizures Immunoglobulin Child’s value Reference range IgG 576 mg/dL 672-1680 mg/dL IgA 67 mg/dL 71-263 mg/dL IgM 28 mg/dL 47-209 mg/dL IgE 2 IU/ml 2-35 IU/ml IgG-1 408 mg/dL 456-952 mg/dL IgG-2 77 mg/dL 147-493 mg/dL IgG-3 85 mg/dL 12-179 mg/dL IgG-4 6 mg/dL 0-168 mg/dL secretory IgA 1 10-20 mcg/ml

William Shaw PhD

Recurrence of Candida: The most difficult medical problem in

autism• Because of depression of cellular immunity,

the person with autism becomes re-infected immediately after antifungal treatment stops

• Some parents report deterioration if even a single dose of antifungal drug is missed

• Some children on antifungals for over 10 years

William Shaw PhD

Streptococcus antibodies and autism-contribute to stereotypical behavior

William Shaw PhD

Streptococcus antibodies and autismfollowup

• Throat rapid strep test• Throat culture• Cultures may give false negative results• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus• Antibodies may cause behavioral alteration even if strep organism is missing• Prophylactic antibiotics • Plasmapharesis and replacement• Selective removal of plasma anti-strep antibodies• IVIG-itravenous gamma globulin

William Shaw PhD

Hair metals in boys with autismn=40 boys per group, age matched

0

2

4

6

8

Uranium Mercury Lead

MedianAutismMcg/ghair

MedianNormalMcg/ghair

Autism 9:290-298,2005

William Shaw PhD

Chelation Therapy Options

• “To Bind” from Greek word chele, or claw.• Oral DMSA or TD-DMSA TD=transdermal• Oral DMPS and/or TD-DMPS • Oral EDTA and/or TD-EDTA• Intravenous – DMPS, EDTA• Suppository – Detoxamin (good for lead,

aluminum)• Natural Remedies – Chlorella, Cilantro,

Homeopathic, etc.• Sublingual vs Baths.• Combination of different forms.

William Shaw PhD

Recommended testing summary• Hair screen for long term exposure to toxic elements• If all toxic elements are negative with hair metals, consider

urine challenge test with DMSA,DMPS• Evaluate copper/zinc balance with copper/zinc profile from

Great Plains• Use urine test (without challenge) to evaluate calcium levels• Fecal metals can indicate oral exposure to metals especially

lead but does not identify source• Use X-ray fluorescence to determine sources of lead• Whole blood or RBC good for acute toxicity

William Shaw PhD

Recommended treatment• Find and eliminate sources of toxicity• Remove amalgams• Control Candida since DMSA and DMPS stimulate Candida

overgrowth• Oral DMSA and DMPS cheap, safe, and effective but

stimulate Candida and can make heavy metals worse if oral ingestion is still occurring.

• Extended treatment needed to remove toxic metals from brain

• Do periodic liver tests and blood counts• Supplement with beneficial metals (Chelate-Mate®)• Discontinue if tests abnormal or rare severe symptoms

William Shaw PhD

Safety and Efficacy of Oral DMSA Therapy for Children with Autism SpectrumDisorders: Part B - Behavioral ResultsBMC Clinical Pharmacology 2009, 9:17 doi:10.1186/1472-6904-9-17James B Adams (jim.adams@asu.edu)Matthew Baral (m.baral@scnm.edu)Elizabeth Geis (autismstudynurseasu@gmail.com)Jessica Mitchell (j.mitchell@scnm.edu)Julie Ingram (julieaingram@yahoo.com)Andrea Hensley (ahensley11@cox.net)Irene Zappia (izappia@aol.com)Sanford Newmark (snewmark@email.arizona.edu)Eva Gehn (egehn@asu.edu)Robert A Rubin (brubin698@earthlink.net)Ken Mitchell (kbmpd@yahoo.com)Jeff Bradstreet (drbradstreet@aol.com)Jane El-Dahr (jeldahr@tulane.edu)

William Shaw PhD

Cholesterol in children with autistic spectrum disorder

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0-20 21-40

41-60

61-80

81-100

101-120

121-140

141-160

161-180

181-200

201-220

221-240

241-260

261-280

281-300

301-320

321-340

341-360

Range of Cholesterol Results-mg/dL

Num

ber o

f pa

tient

s in

gro

up

Low cholesterol 57.5%

Extremely low cholesterol 17.5%

The Great Plains Laboratory cholesterol studyOf children with autistic spectrum disorder

William Shaw PhD

Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism in autism spectrum disorders. Am J of Med Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Vol 141B, Issue 6, Pages 666 – 668,2006. Elaine Tierney et al.

● Cholesterol was measured in 100 samples from subjects with ASD using GC/MS

●19 samples (19%) had total cholesterol levels lower than 100 mg/dl, which is below the 5th centile for children over age 2 years.

● These findings suggest that, in addition to SLOS, there may be other disorders of cholesterol metabolism associated with ASD.

William Shaw PhD

Reports of cholesterol supplements in autism-Case 3

• I wanted to let you know that my son’s cholesterol went up 20 points to 131 after taking Sonic® for a month. He is improving wonderfully. However, the proof is in way more than the numbers. Babbling is back and he is watching my lips when I talk to him.

William Shaw PhD

Reports of cholesterol supplements in autism-Case 3-continued

• He understands and follows verbal commands. He learned to give himself a drink from a cup (I used to give him a bottle) during the first month on sonic, two weeks ago he learned to climb stairs and yesterday he fed himself with a spoon. Best of all, he is happy now! He smiles and laughs -- with people!!! At 12 months of age my son would be best described as catatonic, rather than autistic -- he was extremely severe.• .

William Shaw PhD

www.nbnus.com

Toll free 877 575-2467

William Shaw PhD

The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio as a biomarker in children with autism spectrum disorders. Scott Faber et al Biomarkers March 11,2009

• A retrospective review of plasma zinc, serum copper and zinc/copper was performed on data from 230 children with autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-NOS and Asperger's syndrome.

• The entire cohort's mean zinc level was 77.2 mcg/dl; mean copper level was 131.5 mcg/dl, and mean Zn/Cu was .608, which was below the 0.7 cut-off of the lowest 2.5% of healthy children.

• The plasma zinc/serum copper ratio may be a biomarker of heavy metal, particularly mercury, toxicity in children with ASDs.

William Shaw PhD

Comprehensive BiochemicalTesting-Great Plains

• Organic acid test for genetic disease, toxics, and yeast and bacterial byproducts

• Yeast culture and sensitivity

• Cholesterol profile• Heavy metals

hair,blood

• Copper/zinc profile• Comprehensive IgG food

allergies• Comprehensive inhalant

allergies• Immune deficiency• Amino acids and fatty

acids• Streptococcus antibodies

William Shaw PhD

Thank you!