The case for CC-BY

Academic Publishing in Europe 1020th January 2015

Robert Kiley

Wellcome Trust

rkileywellcomeacuk

robertkiley

Slides made available under

httpcreativecommonsorglicensesby40

Agenda

To discuss why the

Wellcome Trust

supports the use of the

CC-BY licence

CC-BY a simple summary

Use of CC licences

CC estimate over 882m CC-licenced objects

httpsstateofcreativecommonsorg

CC-BY a simple summary

Use of CC licences

CC estimate over 882m CC-licenced objects

httpsstateofcreativecommonsorg

Use of CC licences

CC estimate over 882m CC-licenced objects

httpsstateofcreativecommonsorg

and 375k

CC-BY

articles in

Europe

PMC

httpeuropepmcorgsearchscope=fu

lltextamppage=1ampquery=28LICENSE

3A22CC-BY2229

CC-BY policy overview

bull Wellcome Trust ldquoencourages - and where it pays an

open access fee requires - authors and publishers to

licence Trust-attributed research papers using the

Creative Commons Attribution licence (CC-BY)rdquo

bull Policy now adopted by all Charity Open Access Fund

(COAF) participants

bull Policy also adopted by RCUK amp FWF

bull HEFCE ndashdo not require CC-BY but say that bull where an HEI can demonstrate that outputs are presented in a form that

allows re-use of the work including via text-mining credit will be given

in the research environment component of the post-2014 REF

The Trust and where it uses CC-BY

bull Trust funded research

bull When Trust pays an OA article

processing charge (APC) work must

be published under CC-BY licence

bull Trust owned images

bull Trust has released 100000 images

held in Wellcome Images under a

CC-BY licencehttpcommonswikimediaorgwikiCategoryFiles_fr

om_Wellcome_Images

bull Trust publications

bull Trust publications (eg Mosaic)

published under CC-BY licence

bull Trust web sites

bull Content made available under

CC-BY Wellcome Images CC-BY L0044201

The Trust and where it uses CC-BY

bull Trust funded research

bull When Trust pays an OA article

processing charge (APC) work must

be published under CC-BY licence

bull Trust owned images

bull Trust has released 100000 images

held in Wellcome Images under a

CC-BY licencehttpcommonswikimediaorgwikiCategoryFiles_fr

om_Wellcome_Images

bull Trust publications

bull Trust publications (eg Mosaic)

published under CC-BY licence

bull Trust web sites

bull Content made available under

CC-BY Wellcome Images CC-BY L0044201

Why does the Trust support CC-BY [1]

bull Return on investment

Trust believes that the full

research and economic benefit

of Trust-funded research will only

be realised when there are no

restrictions on access to and

reuse of this information

Re-use is fundamental to the

point of research There are

many ways research may be

used but if it is un-usable it may

as well not existWellcome Images CC-BY L0030379

Why does the Trust support CC-BY [2]

bull Much greater use ndash and therefore impact ndash of the

research we fund and the content we produce

bull OA articles downloaded more ndash 89 more downloads

when compared with access-controlled content

bull Wellcome Images downloads ndash increased by 381

following the move to CC-BY

bull Mosaic Magazine

Mosaic ndash 13m views on its web site but over 6m views in

third party publications both online and print

Year No of image downloads

2013 23506

2014 113109

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

httpwwwpinterestcommosaicsciencewhy-do-we-have-blood-types

Content available from multiple platforms

Why does the Trust support CC-BY [2]

bull Much greater use ndash and therefore impact ndash of the

research we fund and the content we produce

bull OA articles downloaded more ndash 89 more downloads

when compared with access-controlled content

bull Wellcome Images downloads ndash increased by 381

following the move to CC-BY

bull Mosaic Magazine

Mosaic ndash 13m views on its web site but over 6m views in

third party publications both online and print

Year No of image downloads

2013 23506

2014 113109

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

httpwwwpinterestcommosaicsciencewhy-do-we-have-blood-types

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

httpwwwpinterestcommosaicsciencewhy-do-we-have-blood-types

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use ldquopromiscuous contentrdquo

httpwwwpinterestcommosaicsciencewhy-do-we-have-blood-types

Content available from multiple platforms

Examples of re-use translation

Female condoms

article ndash translated

into Spanish

reaching a new

audience

Article about polio in

Hungary ndash translated

into Hungarian

Examples of re-use re-packaging

Re-packaged content for different and new audiences

httpaskabiologistasueduexploreplosable

httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiUserOpen_Access_

Media_Importer_Bot

httphttpcommonswikimediaorgwindexphptitle=

CategoryFiles_from_Wellcome_Image

Examples of re-use re-packaging

Re-packaged content for different and new audiences

httpaskabiologistasueduexploreplosable

httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiUserOpen_Access_

Media_Importer_Bot

httphttpcommonswikimediaorgwindexphptitle=

CategoryFiles_from_Wellcome_Image

Why not use CC-BY-SA (Share-Alike)

bull BY does allow anyone to take an article sell it and slap an NC licence on it (to stop others from selling that version)

bull This ldquoproblemrdquo could be solved by using the BY-SA licence

bull Content that is licenced under SA can be combined with other content However because ultimately the work it is part of must be licenced using the SA clause the author will be much more limited in what they can combine it with For example it would be impossible to combine works with SA and NC licences

bull This impedes re-use and innovation

CC licences ndash compatibility chart

httpswikicreativecommonsorgFileCC_License_Compatibility_Chartpng

CC licences ndash compatibility chart

httpswikicreativecommonsorgFileCC_License_Compatibility_Chartpng

CC-BY some myths

bull CC-BY equates to plagiarism

bull No Appropriate attribution acknowledges

the full source and authors of the original

material

bull CC-BY implies endorsement

bull No Licence explicitly prohibits this

bull CC Licences are not designed for

academic and scholarly publishing

bull CC licences used by many OA (and

subscription) publishers

bull Under CC-BY publisher canrsquot protect

authors rights and copyright

infringements

bull CC licences are legally binding and afford

appropriate protection to the author

httpwellcomelibraryorgplayerb19662506

CC-PDM

Monitoring compliance with CC-BY

bull Last year we used a crowd sourced approach for

checking compliance

bull Various anomalies found ndash including Elsevier selling

BY content via RightsLink (See

httpwwwelseviercomconnectopen-access-the-systems-journey)

bull This year working with CottageLabs OAG to develop a

more robust and programmatic approach httpoagcottagelabscomlookup [ID=101016S0140-

6736(14)60892-8]

bull Wellcome funding this work but the intention is to open

source the script so anyone can use it

Conclusion

bull Publishing content under a CC-BY

licence

bull Increases the reach and

readership

bullAllows material to be re-

packaged for different audiences

bullFacilitates generation of new

knowledge

Wellcome Images CC-BY L0023767