why philosophy? relationships with clients relationships within the organization relationships...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Why Philosophy?
Relationships with clients Relationships within the
organization Relationships with other
institutions
Americans and Leisure Philosophy
Leisure for Americans, leisure is a very recent concept
Slavery in other societies was even justified to allow the elite to live a life of leisure
Americans confuse leisure with idleness Making money is an essential part of
the American ideal, and making money is connected to work
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Perennialism: Life is constant There are eternal truths Human ability to reason is key, and
that our truth is prompted by both study and divine intervention
Recreation and religion are intertwined, and leisure promotes spiritual values
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Pragmatism/Experimentalist: Ideas must have a practical application The world are constantly changing and
therefore must be updated End results should be observable and
concrete End tests/surveys/etc are commonly done to
find if the program was effective
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Humanism: Humans are the supreme being in the
universe Humans should be concerned with human
interests and not those of spiritual beings Humans should realize their full potential
and achieving joy, self-realization and mastery of skills is essential
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Idealism: Somewhat in conflict with realist ideals Humans act according to their beliefs and
ideas Humans should develop their own ideals as
individuals and idealism welcomes theory as a way of explanation
Reality exist within the mind of the individual
Leisure, in this regard, promotes a greater understanding of the world and its people
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Realism: Objects and the world have an existence
outside of human consciousness Realist are concerned with the practical and
the real, not theory and ideas Change is part of a natural evolution that
leads to an ultimate perfection Realist use leisure to help people get in
touch with the real world and to discover the natural order of things
Chapter IV, Four, 4
Existentialism: Individual freedom Humans are responsible only to themselves
and should not be influenced by others Authentic experience is crucial Change is a constant, individual choices
help you to adapt Leisure choices should be left up to the
individual-agencies help people make their own choices
Mass Leisure
Sports Cultural Events Environment Tourism Mass Media
The Environment
341 million visitor days at USFS* 300 million visitor days at NPS Revolution in equipment Revolution in transportation Revolution in information Revolution in attitudes
Sports
Is the US a “spectator society?” Are sports a sign of elitism, and is
that changing in the US? How does John Kelly define sports? How might geography affect
choices in sports? Which country buys the most
equipment for sports?
Anti-Social Leisure
Sexual Behavior Men and women more equal Viewed as conquest
Alcohol Original purpose changed Acquired taste
Csikszentmihalyi and tv
Television is often designed to do the opposite of art…to reassure rather than excite
Americans watch tv when they have time, rather than because they want to watch a particular show
Women’s tv viewing tends to be slightly more active than men’s
Education levels may affect desire to watch television
Although heavy use of television promotes family gathering, the quality of the time is often low
Csikszentmihalyi and tv
Heavy tv viewers feel worse than light tv viewers when alone or during unstructured time
Television viewing provides relaxation rewards only during the activity itself
Satisfaction with television viewing decreases the longer it is done
Tourism
HI-AYH are convinced that travel is a way to achieve a greater understanding of the world
Tourism accounts for 12% of the GDP
US generates a trade surplus of $24 billion annually
Adventure tourism and eco-tourism are trendy markets
Tourism
Local recreational activities are becoming more popular
Indoor, all-weather attractions are becoming more popular
Although not mentioned, heritage tourism is now the industry’s fastest growing segment
Travel
Relatives and Friends 48% Entertainment 35% Outdoor Recreation 15% Used motor transport 83% Air transport 13% Involved hotel stay 41%
The Arts
Broadway shows 10.6 Broadway road tours 18.0 Nonprofit professional theatre 17.2 Opera 4.0 Symphony orchestra 31.9
LifestylesAccording to the aarp
The Strugglers The Anxious The Enthusiasts The Self-Reliants The Traditionalists
The Strugglers
9% of the population Large number of females (64%) Lowest income group Find it hard to save for retirement Do not have an optimistic view of
retirement Plan to live off relatives and children
The Anxious
23% of the population Slight sense of apprehension about
their future Expect to have to work during
retirement for necessary income Health care in later years is a
major concern
The Enthusiasts
13% of population Eager to reach retirement Do not plan to work in retirement
(prime targets for leisure industry) Imagine that they will have plenty
of money and time for recreation Retirement is seen as a reward for
hard work
The Self ReliantS
30% of population (largest group) The highest income levels Do not plan to work during
retirement (even better targets for leisure industry)
Those that plan to work, plan to do it for fun and fulfillment
The Traditionalists
25% of population Traditional in many attitudes Strong confidence in government
programs for the retired Plan to work and also receive help
from the government in retirement
Youth Development
Heath/physical competence Personal/social competence Cognitive/creative competence Vocational competence Citizenship/ethics competency
Twenties
Personal identity Job skills Less dependence on parents Sexual intimacy Career and family decisions
thirties
Career issues are paramount Intimacy and marriage loses its
appeal (in relationships) Lifestyle changes (taking stock in
life) Materialism First stages of physical decline
fifties
Acceptance of life’s choices People mellow out Family and friends more important,
but other social interests diminish Quality over quantity Health is of greater concern Plan for retirement
forties
Upset with life’s choices Guilt for past mistakes Time is passing too quickly Marriage/relationship satisfaction at all
time low (but rises at late 40s) Immortality first enters the picture Priorities change Increase in social and fitness activity
Sixties and beyond…
High satisfaction with work Feel the same as they did in early adulthood Acceptance of new role in life (retired) Spouse is principle friend/recreation partner Health issues critical May feel isolation (children are gone and doing
their own thing) May make strident attempts to remain active
in society Begin personal preparation for death